LIBRARY 

Connecticut 
Agricultural  Gqllec 

VOL.  ..t3..aL5i.b.. 


.,*^ 


CLAS 


>Sk 


Oct. 


.^(1 


BOOK   615.14.R83  1    c  1 


3    T1S3    0003bmi    ^ 


''i';'-* 


"*" '     '  ■  ■  V.'-'-'-"  '.  K  - ' 


y^^:^i 


This  Book  may  be  kept  out 

TIT^O  IVEEKS 


INCOMPATIBILITIES 


IN 


PRESCRIPTIONS. 


STUDENTS  IN  PHARMACY  AND  MEDICINE 

AND  PRACTICING  PHARMACISTS 

AND  PHYSICIANS. 


BY 

EDSEL  A.  RUDDIMAN,  Ph.M.,  M.D., 

Professor   of  Pharmacy   and   Materia   Medica    in 
Vanderbilt    University. 


SECOND    EDITION,  REWRITTEN. 
FIRST    THOUSAND. 


NEW    YORK: 

JOHN   WILEY  &   SONS. 

London  :    CHAPMAN  &  HALL,  Limited. 

1900. 


Copyright,  1897,  1900, 

BY 

E.   A.    R  U  D  D  I  M  A  N . 

Q8  3  b, 


ROBERT  DRUWMOND,    EUECTaOTYPER  AND   PRINTER.   NEW    YORK. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  SECOND   EDITION. 


In  this  edition  Part  I  has  been  entirely  rewritten.  Many 
of  the  statements  made  in  the  first  edition  have  been  gone 
over  in  the  Author's  laboratory;  a  few  were  found  to  be  in- 
correct, while  a  modification  of  others  was  necessary.  In 
performing  the  laboratory  work  the  fact  was  again  empha- 
sized that  many  conditions,  such  as  temperature,  dilution, 
order  of  mixing,  impurities  in  commercial  drugs,  etc.,  materi- 
ally affect  the  results  obtained.  The  text  of  this  part  of  the 
book  has  been  made  rather  full  so  that  as  a  reference  book  it 
may  have  some  value.  At  the  same  time  the  insertion  of 
numbers  at  the  beginning  of  the  statements  makes  it  easy  for 
the  teacher  using  the  book  to  designate  what  incompatibili- 
ties he  wishes  the  student  to  learn. 

Some  changes  and  additional  statements  have  been  made 
in  Part  II.  Twenty-five  prescriptions  with  comments  have 
also  been  added  as  well  as  fifty  prescriptions  without  com- 
ments. The  comments  on  the  last  were  omitted  so  that  the 
student  can  the  better  test  his  knowledge. 

Since  so  many  incompatibilities  are  the  result  of  the 
formation  of  insoluble  compounds  it  was  deemed  advisable 
to  introduce  a  table  of  solubilities  for  reference.  A  table  of 
average  prices  charged  for  prescriptions  not  requiring  par- 
ticular skill  or  calling  for  expensive  ingredients  is  also. ap- 
pended, so  that  those  who  have  not  had  the  drug-store  experi- 
ence may  have  some  idea  as  to  the  general  prices  charged. 
Attention  is  called  to  the  complete  index  of  prescriptions 


IV 


PREFACE. 


which  enables  one  to  find  at  a  glance  any  prescription  con- 
taining a  certain  ingredieiit  or  combination  of  ingredients 
that  is  given  in  the  book. 

The  Author  has  found  this  book  to  be  of  as  much  value 
to  medical  students  as  to  those  in  Pharmacy.  Since  the  in- 
compatibility in  a  prescription  originates  with  the  physician, 
if  the  subject  were  better  understood  by  the  writer  of  the 
prescription  there  would  be  less  trouble  both  for  physicians 
and  pharmacists. 

The  Author  wishes  to  thank  his  many  friends  for  the  gen- 
erous words  of  encouragement  that  they  have  given  him. 

Vanderbilt  University,  June,  1900. 


PREFACE  TO  THE   FIRST  EDITION. 


The  busy  prescriptionist  is  frequently  at  a  loss  to  know 
what  takes  place  in  the  prescription  he  is  filling,  and  does  not 
have  the  time  nor  books  necessary  to  look  up  the  change  which 
he  has  noticed.  The  object  of  the  first  part  of  this  book  is 
to  present  to  him  in  a  convenient  and  condensed  form  the 
more  common  incompatibilities.  The  substances  treated  of 
are  arranged  in  alphabetical  order  of  their  Latin  names, 
except  in  case  of  some  of  the  newer  remedies.  In  order  to 
avoid  repetition  all  the  incompatibilities  of  each  substance 
are  not  always  given  under  that  heading.  For  instance,  the 
reaction  between  two  substances  may  be  found  under  the 
heading  of  one  of  the  substances  and  not  under  the  other. 

The  second  object  of  the  writer  is  to  furnish  the  student 
of  pharmacy  with  a  list  of  incompatible  prescriptions  in  such 
form  that  he  may  find  out  for  himself  what  the  trouble  is, 
and  the  best  means  of  avoiding  or  overcoming  it.  It  is 
suggested  that  he  study  the  prescription  thoroughly  before 
referring  to  the  notes. 

Acknowledgment  is  hereby  made  of  assistance  received 
from  all  of  the  books  and  journals  mentioned  in  the  list  of 
abbreviations  of  references. 

Edsel  a.  Ruddiman. 

Nashville,  June,  1S97. 

V 


ABBREVIATIONS  OF  REFERENCES. 

Allen  :  Allen's  Commercial  Organic  Analysis,  2d  ed. 

A.  D.  :  American  Dispensatory. 

Am.  D.  :  American  Druggist. 

A.  J.  A.  :  American  Journal  of  Pharmacy. 

A.  P.  A.  :  Proceedings  of  the  American   Pharmaceutical  Association. 

BIyth  :  Blyth's  Poisons,  3d  ed. 

Br.  P.  :  British  Pharmacopoeia,  1898. 

Caspari  :  Caspari's  Treatise  on  Pharmacy. 

Coblentz  :  Coblentz's  New  Remedies,  2d  ed. 

D.  C.  :  Druggists'  Circular. 

Extra  Pharm.:  The   Extra    Pharmacopoeia,   by   Martindale  and    Westcott, 

7th  ed. 

M.  &  M.  :  Muir  and  Morley's  edition  of  Watts'  Dictionary. 

M.  M.  R.  :  Merck's  Market  Report. 

Nat.  Drug.:  National  Druggist. 

N.  D.  :  National  Dispensatory,  5th  ed. 

N.  E.  D.  :  New  England  Druggist. 

Ph.  E.  :  Pharmaceutical  Era. 

P.  D.  :  Thompson's  Practical  Dispensing. 

P.  &  J.  :  ,  Prescott    and  Johnson's    Qualitative    Chemical    Analysis,. 
4th  ed. 

Potter  :  Potter's  Materia  Medica,  6th  ed. 

Prescott  :  Prescott's  Organic  Analysis. 

R.  &  S.  :  Roscoe  and  Schorlemmer's  Organic  Chemistry.     - 

Richter:  Richter's  Organic  Chemistry. 

Sayre  :  Sayre's  Organic  Materia  Medica. 

Scoville  :  Scoville's  Art  of  Dispensing. 

Sohn  :  Sohn's  Dictionary  of  Active  Principles  of  Plants. 

Squire  :  Squire's  Companion  to  the  British  Pharmacopoeia,  l6th  ed» 

Storer  :  Storer's  Dictionary  of  Solubilities. 

U.  S.  D.  :  United  States  Dispensatory,  17th  ed. 

U.  S.  P.  :  United  States  Pharmacopoeia,  7th  revision. 

W.  D.  :  Western  Druggist. 

Wade  :  Wade's  Organic  Chemistry,  1897. 

Watts  :  Watts'  Dictionary  of  Chemistry. 

vi 


PART  I. 

INCOMPATIBILITIES. 

Acacia. — i.  Mucilage  of  acacia  is  acid  to  litmus  paper 
but  is  not  sufficiently  acid  to  cause  trouble  unless  decompo- 
sition has  commenced.  2.  The  official  mucilage  of  acacia  is 
gelatinized  by  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride,  tincture  of  ferric 
chloride,  solution  of  ferric  sulphate,  solution  of  ferric  sub- 
sulphate,  or  solution  of  iron  and  ammonium  acetate. 
Alkali  citrates  tend  to  prevent  this  coagulation  and,  in  the 
proportion  of  about  one  grain  of  the  citrate  to  two  drams  of 
the  tincture  of  iron,  will  entirely  prevent  it.  Potassium  or 
ammonium  acetate  in  considerable  proportion  will  prevent 
coagulation,  as  will  also  a  rather  large  excess  of  hydrochloric 
acid  or  other  mineral  acids.  Dilution  with  water  will  prevent 
coagulation ;  one  volume  of  tincture  of  iron  with  an  equal 
volume  of  water  will  give  a  solution  with  one  volume  of 
mucilage  of  acacia  diluted  with  an  equal  amount  of  water. 
Glycerin  or  syrup  seems  to  have  but  little  more  effect  in 
preventing  coagulation  than  so  much  water.  The  color  of  the 
mixture  of  the  iron  salt  and  the  mucilage  is  much  deeper  red 
than  that  of  the  tincture  alone.  Gelatinized  acacia  will  after- 
wards slowly  dissolve  if  an  excess  of  water  is  added.  3.  So- 
lution of  dialyzed  iron  when  mixed  with  mucilage  of  acacia 
forms  gelatinous  masses,  having  the  color  of  ferric  hydrate, 
but  does  not  give  a  translucent  mass  as  does  the  tincture  of 
iron  ;  dilution  with  water  or  the  addition  of  a  citrate  has  but 
little  effect  in  preventing  precipitation.      4.      The  solution  of 


2  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

ferrous  chloride  (N.  F.)  or  a  saturated  solution  of  ferrous 
sulphate  does  not  gelatinize  mucilage  of  acacia.  5.  A 
saturated  solution  of  borax  forms  a  more  or  less  translucent 
mass  with  mucilage  of  acacia.  By  diluting  the  borax  solu- 
tion with  an  equal  volume  of  water  and  the  mucilage  with 
an  equal  volume  of  water,  no  coagulation  takes  place.  The 
coagulation  may  also  be  prevented  by  adding  three  or  four 
drops  of  glycerin  or  honey  to  one  dram  of  the  borax  solution. 
Either  glycerin  or  honey  decomposes  borax  to  some  extent, 
liberating  boric  acid,  but  not  enough  need  be  added  to  make 
the  solution  acid.  The  official  syrup  or  a  solution  of  glucose 
tends  to  prevent  the  c®agulation  but  is  not  as  effective  as 
glycerin.  6.  A  solution  of  lead  subacetate  (not  the  neutral 
lead  acetate),  even  if  quite  highly  diluted,  will  give  white, 
opaque,  gelatinous  masses  when  mixed  with  mucilage  of 
acacia.  Diluting  the  mucilage  with  several  volumes  of  water 
does  not  prevent  coagulation  although  glycerin  and  syrup  do 
to  some  extent.  7.  A  solution  of  an  oxalate  or  a  carbonate 
when  mixed  with  mucilage  of  acacia  will  give  a  white  precipi- 
tate of  calcium  oxalate  or  calcium  carbonate.  8.  A  saturated 
solution  of  mercuric  chloride  with  an  equal  volume  of  muci- 
lage of  acacia  slowly  gives  a  white  precipitate.  9.  Acacia  is 
nearly  insoluble  in  alcohol,  consequently  when  alcohol  or  a 
preparation  containing  strong  alcohol  is  added  to  mucilage  of 
acacia  in  sufficie«,t  amount  to  make  the  mixture  about  fifty 
or  sixty  per  cent,  of  alcohol,  the  acacia  is  precipitated.  The 
precipitate  redissolves  on  subsequent  dilution  with  water. 
10.  Sulphuric  acid  converts  acacia  into  arable  and  then 
metarabic  acid  and  precipitates  calcium  sulphate  (U.  S.  D.,  8). 
Dilute  sulphuric  acid  converts  it  into  a  sugar  (M.  &M.,I.  296). 
A  strong  solution  of  a  sulphate  gives  a  precipitate  of  calcium 
sulphate.  11.  Dilute  nitric  acid  converts  acacia  into  mucic, 
saccharic,  oxalic,  and  tartaric  acids  (U.  S.  D.,  8).  12.  In 
the  presence  of  acacia,  dilute  solutions  of  salts  of  mercury, 
lead,  copper,  antimony,  silver,  iron,  or  arsenic  do  not  give 
precipitates  with  hydrogen  sulphide  or  alkaline  sulphides, 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  3 

although  a  coloration  may  be  produced.  13.  Acacia  pre- 
vents the  precipitation  of  dilute  solutions  of  salts  of  mercury, 
antimony,  aluminum,  iron,  calcium,  and  some  other  metals 
by  alkali  hydrates  or  borax  and  in  some  cases  by  carbon- 
ates. 14.  Dilute  solutions  of  alkaloidal  salts  in  the  pres- 
ence of  acacia  are  not  precipitated  by  potassium  mercuric 
iodide,  sodium  phosphomolybdate,  or  tannic  acid  (Allen,  i, 
353).  These  properties  are  common  to  many  gums  (M.  &  M., 
I.  296).  The  solution  of  the  alkaloid  must  be  very  dilute  or 
some  precipitation  will  occur.  15.  Mucilage  of  acacia  is 
colored  blue,  either  at  once  or  after  standing  a  short  time, 
by  a  tincture  of  guaiac  if  the  guaiac  is  fresh ;  but  with  an  old 
guaiac  the  color  is  red  brown. 

Aceta.  [See  under  AciDUM  ACETICUM.] 
Acetamid. —  i.  Acetamid  acts  both  as  an  acid  and  as  a 
base,  combining  with  bases  or  acids  (Watts,  i.  5).  With 
acids  it  forms  unstable  compounds  (Richter,  259).  2.  Boiled 
with  acids  or  alkaliest  is  decomposed,  forming  acetic  acid 
and  ammonia  (Richter,  259).  3.  Acetamid  gives  a  liquid  or 
soft  mass  when  triturated  with  antipyrin,  bromal  hydrate, 
butyl  chloral  hydrate,  carbolic  acid,  chloral  alcoholate, 
chloral  hydrate,  lead  acetate,  pyrocatechin,  pyrogallol, 
resorcin,  sodium  phosphate,  thymol,  or  urethane.  4. 
With  chloral  it  unites  directly,  forming  chloral  acetamid  (M. 
&  M.,  I.  5). 

Acetaiiilidum. — i.  With  spirit  of  nitrous  ether,  amyl 
nitrite,  or  a  solution  containing  nitrous  acid,  acetanilid  gives 
a  yellow  solution,  becoming  red  on  standing  for  some  time. 
With  a  fresh  or  nearly  neutral  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  the 
yellow  coloration  may  not  be  noticed  for  several  days  and 
the  red  for  two  weeks  or  more.  The  presence  of  an  alkali  or 
a  little  sodium  bicarbonate  will  prevent  the  appearance  of 
more  than  a  pale  yellow  within  a  month.  Probably  diazo- 
compounds  are  formed.  2.  A  cold  solution  of  ferric  chlo- 
ride with  acetanilid  gives  no  increase  of  color,  but,  if  heated, 
it  assumes  a  deep  red  color  which  fades  as  the  solution  cools. 


4  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

If  heat  is  applied  to  a  concentrated  solution  for  several  min- 
utes a  dark  green  color  is  produced.  With  the  tincture  of 
iron  acetanilid  gives  a  red  color  without  heating,  3.  On 
adding  an  aqueous  solution  of  bromine  to  a  saturated  solu- 
tion of  acetanilid,  the  color  of  the  bromine  is  destroyed  and  a 
precipitate  is  formed  which  at  first  redissolves  but  remains 
permanent  on  adding  more  bromine.  The  precipitate  is 
white,  crystalline,  and  soluble  in  alcohol.  4.  A  solution  of 
iodine  does  not  readily  precipitate  an  aqueous  solution  of 
acetanilid.  5.  The  alkali  bromides  or  iodides  in  aqueous 
solution  with  acetanilid  form  insoluble  compounds  (Coblentz, 
i).  This  statement  is  only  partly  true.  If  thirty  grains  of 
potassium  bromide  are  added  to  a  fluid  dram  of  a  saturated 
solution  of  acetanilid,  a  fine  white  precipitate  is  formed  at 
once.  This  may  be  due  to  the  acetanilid  being  less  soKible 
in  a  solution  of  a  bromide  than  it  is  in  water.  If  the  thirty 
grains  of  bromide  are  dissolved  in  one  dram  of  water  and 
then  added,  no  precipitation  takes  place  in  a  week.  If  thirty 
grains  of  potassium  iodide  are  added  to  one  dram  of  a 
saturated  solution  of  acetanilid,  no  precipitation  occurs.  6. 
Acetanilid  is  slowly  decomposed  by  a  strong  solution  cf 
potassium  or  sodium  hydrate,  forming  anilin  (U.  S.  D.,  10). 
7.  A  dry  mixture  of  acetanilid  and  calomel  shows  no  percep- 
tible change  within  a  month.  On  allowing  a  mixture  of 
these  with  water  to  stand  for  six  weeks,  there  was  no  change 
in  the  color  of  the  calomel  and  the  filtrate  gave  no  test  for  a 
mercuric  salt.  After  heating  a  mixture  of  acetanilid  and 
calomel  in  water  acidulated  with  hydrochloric  acid  and  allow- 
ing to  stand  for  six  weeks,  the  filtrate  gave  a  test  for  a 
mercuric  salt.  8.  When  acetanilid  is  rubbed  with  chloral 
hydrate,  a  sticky  mass  is  said  to  be  produced  (M.  M.  R.,  iv.. 
359),  but  the  writer  only  got  a  slightly  damp  powder  after 
hard  trituration.  Chloral  hydrate  increases  the  solubility  of 
acetanilid  in  water;  a  mixture  of  ten  grains  of  chloral  hydrate 
with  one  grain  of  acetanilid  will  dissolve  in  about  five  minims 
of  water  and  furth&r  addition  of  water  does  not  cause  pre- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  5 

cipitation.  9.  Rubbing  acetanilid  with  resorcin  gives  a  soft 
mass  which  liquefies  on  standing.  Water  seems  to  dissolve 
the  resorcin  but  not  the  acetanilid.  The  mass  is  soluble  in 
alcohol.  10.  Acetanilid  triturated  with  thymol  gives  a  soft 
mass  which  is  soluble  in  alcohol  but  not  in  water.  Gently 
mixing  the  two  without  rubbing  produces  a  mass  which  soon 
liquefies.  ii.  When  acetanilid  is  triturated  with  chloral 
alcoholate,  carbolic  acid,  or  pyrocatechin  a  mass  or  liquid 
results  which  is  soluble  in  alcohol  but  insoluble  or  only 
partly  soluble  in  water.  12.  Triturating  acetanilid  with 
antipyrin  ordinarily  produces  a  dry  powder,  but  by  rubbing 
hard  a  damp  powder  can  be  obtained.  Alcohol  dissolves  the 
mixture,  but  water  seems  to  dissolve  only  the  antipyrin.  13. 
When  sodium  salicylate  is  mixed  with  acetanilid  a  pink 
powder  is  said  to  be  produced,  but  the  writer  did  not  get 
much  increase  of  color,  although  the  paper  containing  the 
mixture  became  colored  after  a  time.  14.  Acetanilid  is 
readily  soluble  in  a  hot  solution  of  tartaric  acid  from  which 
it  does  not  recrystallize  on  cooling  (P.  D.,  19).  However,  a 
hot  solution  of  three  grains  of  acetanilid  and  fifteen  grains  of 
tartaric  acid  in  three  drams  of  water  gave  an  abundant  pre- 
cipitate of  crystals  on  cooling.  15.  Strychnine  and  atro- 
pine are  somewhat  antagonistic  physiologically  to  acetanilid. 
Acetates.  [See  under  AciDUM  Aceticum.] 
Acida. —  I.  Acids  combine  with  metallic  oxides  and 
hydrates,  with  some  metals,  and  with  some  alkaloids  to 
form  salts.  2.  Mineral  acids  and  some  organic  acids,  such  as 
tartaric  or  acetic,  precipitate  bismuth  citrate  from  solutions 
of  bismuth  and  ammonium  citrate  by  combining  with  the 
ammonium.  3.  Mineral  and  common  organic  acids  precipi- 
tate potassium  bitartrate  from  concentrated  solutions  of 
Rochelle  salt,  normal  potassium  tartrate,  or  double  tar- 
trates containing  potassium.  4.  Nitric,  hydrochloric,  or  sul- 
phuric acid  with  an  aqueous  solution  of  tartra  emetic  gives 
a  precipitate  consisting  of  a  basic  nitrate,  chloride,  or  sul- 
phate of  antimony.      5.    Mineral  acids   give  a  precipitated 


6  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

the  phosphate  or  the  pyrophosphate  of  iron  when  added  to  a 
solution  of  the  official  soluble  phosphate  or  pyrophosphate 
of  iron.  6,  Strong  mineral  acids  precipitate,  from  concen- 
trated solutions  of  borates,  salicylates,  or  benzoates,  the 
boric,  salicylic,  or  benzoic  acid.  7.  Strong  mineral  acids 
form  esters  and  ethers  with  alcohol.  Many  organic  acids  in 
the  presence  of  mineral  acids,  as  sulphuric  or  hydrochloric, 
form  esters  with  alcohol.  8.  Nearly  all  acids,  except  hydro- 
cyanic and  hydrosulphuric,  decompose  carbonates,  liberating 
carbon  dioxide.  9.  Acids  diminish  or  prevent  the  action  of 
pancreatin.  10.  Many  acids  precipitate  albuminous  sub- 
stances from  aqueous  solution.  ii.  Organic  acids,  except 
acetic,  combined  with  an  alkali,  generally  form  compounds 
with  the  heavy  metals  that  are  insoluble  in  water.  12. 
Frequently  mineral  acids  displace  organic  acids  and  the 
stronger  mineral  acids  the  weaker  ones. 

The  following  official  preparations  contain  a  free  acid: 
13.  the  vinegars  of  opium  and  squills;  14.  hydrogen  dioxide 
water;  15.  styptic  collodion;  16.  fluid  extracts  of  conium, 
ergot,  nux  vomica,  and  sanguinaria;  17.  fluid  extracts  in 
general  are  acid  to  litmus,  some  sufficiently  acid  to  liberate 
carbon  dioxide  from  carbonates;  18.  glycerites  of  tannic 
acid  and  boroglycerin ;  19.  solutions  of  arsenous  acid,  am- 
monium acetate,  chloride  of  iron,  citrate  of  iron,  iron  and 
ammonium  acetate,  nitrate  of  iron,  subsulphate  of  iron,  ter- 
sulphate  of  iron,  and  nitrate  of  mercury ;  20.  oleates  of  mer- 
cury, veratrine,  and  zinc;  21.  spirit  of  nitrous  ether,  usually; 
22.  syrups  of  citric  acid,  hydriodic  acid,  garlic,  calcium  lacto- 
phosphate,  hypophosphites,  ipecac,  iron  quinine  and  strych- 
nine phosphates,  and  squills;  23.  tinctures  of  chloride  of  iron 
and  sanguinaria;  24.  ointment  of  tannic  acid  and  usually 
ointment  of  mercuric  nitrate.  25.  Besides  these  there  are 
some  substances  which  become  acid  on  exposure,  as  acetic 
ether,  spirit  of  nitrous  ether,  amyl  nitrite,  oil  of  bitter 
•almonds,  and  chlorine  water. 

26.   There  are  quite  a  number  of  salts  that  are  acid  in  re- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  7 

action  and  sufficiently  so  to  give  an  effervescence  with  a  car- 
bonate. Some  of  the  more  common  are :  alum,  aluminum 
sulphate,  bismuth  subnitrate,  ferric  chloride,  ferric  citrate, 
iron  and  quinine  citrate,  iron  and  strychnine  citrate,  ferrous 
sulphate,  lead  acetate,  lead  nitrate,  quinine  bisulphate,  zinc 
acetate,  and  zinc  sulphate. 

Acidiim  Aceticviiii. —  i .  Acetic  acid  decomposes  nearly 
all  carbonates,  liberating  carbon  dioxide  and  forming  ace- 
tates. 2.  It  forms  chloracetic  acid  with  chlorine,  slowly  in 
diffused  light,  more  quickly  in  sunlight.  3.  Soluble  neutral 
acetates,  or  the  free  acid  if  it  is  concentrated  and  the  solution 
of  iron  salt  is  weak,  with  solutions  of  ferric  salts,  give  a  deep 
red  coloration.  The  color  varies  from  a  yellow  red  to  a  dark 
red,  according  to  the  dilution,  due  to  the  formation  of  ferric 
acetate,  which  on  heating  precipitates  as  the  basic  ferric  acetate. 
The  strong  mineral  acids  in  excess  prevent  the  formation  of 
the  color.  4.  Acetic  acid  aids  the  solution  of  quinine  sulphate 
in  water,  increasing  the  fluorescence.  This  solution  does  not 
precipitate  on  standing,  but  on  adding  potassium  acetate  the 
fluorescence  is  destroyed  and,  if  it  is  a  fairly  strong  solution  of 
quinine,  needle-shaped  crystals  will  be  formed  in  a  few  minutes. 
Experiments  made  indicate  that  double  decomposition  takes 
place,  forming  quinine  acetate  and  potassium  sulphate.  The 
precipitation  may  be  due  partly  to  the  quinine  acetate  being 
only  sparingly  soluble  and  partly  to  the  quinine  salt  being  less 
soluble  in  a  solution  of  potassium  acetate.  The  precipitate 
formed  may  be  dissolved  by  the  further  addition  of  acetic  acid 
and  again  thrown  down  by  adding  potassium  acetate,  the 
amount  of  potassium  acetate  necessary  seeming  to  depend  on 
the  excess  of  acetic  acid  used.  It  may  be  that  the  potassium 
acetate  combines  with  the  acetic  acid  (as  explained  in  R.  &  S., 
III.  part  I.  497),  forming  potassium  diacetate,  thus  taking  up 
the  free  acid.  Potassium  acetate  in  sufficient  amount  will 
destroy  the  fluorescence  and  give  a  precipitate  with  a  solution 
of  quinine  bisulphate  or  quinine  sulphate  dissolved  in  water 
by  the  aid   of    sulphuric   acid.      It   has   been  suggested  that 


S  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

•quinine  hydrate  is  formed,  the  acetic  acid  being  too  weak  to 
hold  the  hydrate  in  solution  (M.  M.  R.,  IX.  158).  5.  A 
mixture  of  alcohol,  sulphuric  acid,  and  acetic  acid  or  an  ace- 
tate gives  ethyl  acetate,  which  has  a  fruity  odor.  6.  An 
aqueous  solution  of  potassium  acetate  with  spirit  of  nitrous 
ether  produces  an  effervescence.  Nitrous  acid  converts  ace- 
tates into  carbon  monoxide  and  other  gases  (Scoville,  223). 
[See  comment  on  prescription  No.  350.]  7.  The  stronger 
mineral  acids  transpose  acetates,  liberating  acetic  acid.  8. 
Acetic  acid  is  not  sensibly  affected  by  nitric  acid  or  readily 
changed  by  oxidizing  agents.  9.  Strong  acetic  acid  is  a 
good  solvent  for  resins,  gum-resins,  camphor,  and  volatile 
oils.  10.  Some  acetates,  as  lead,  on  being  exposed  to  the  air 
lose  acetic  acid  and  absorb  carbon  dioxide,  becoming  partly 
insoluble.  ii.  Nearly  all  normal  acetates  are  readily  soluble 
in  water,  except  quinine,  silver,  and  mercurous.  The  ace- 
tates, except  silver  and  mercurous,  are  generally  soluble  in 
alcohol.      [See  AciDA.] 

Aciduiii  Arsenicum. —  i.  The  normal  alkali  arsenates, 
as  sodium  arsenate,  precipitate  neutral  solutions  of  salts  of 
nearly  all  other  common  metals,  as  arsenates.  Sodium 
arsenate  is  sometimes  alkaline,  and  may  cause  precipitation 
on  this  account.  The  precipitate  is  soluble  in  mineral  acids 
and  sometimes  in  the  presence  of  ammonium  salts.  2.  Tan- 
nic acid  with  a  not  too  dilute  solution  of  sodium  arsenate 
gives  a  yellow-brown  precipitate,  the  precipitate  .  and  the 
liquid  changing  to  a  dark  green  within  a  day  or  two.  3.  In 
acid  solutions  arsenates  are  reduced  to  arsenites  by  hypophos- 
phites,  sulphites,  and  iodides,  forming  respectively  phos- 
phoric acid,  sulphuric  acid,  and  iodine.  4.  Sodium  arsenate 
precipitates  solutions  of  many  alkaloidal  salts,  due  perhaps 
to  the  fact  that  the  arsenate  is  frequently  alkaline  and  in 
some  cases  to  the  formation  of  an  insoluble  alkaloidal  arse- 
nate. 5.  The  arsenates  of  the  alkali  metals  are  soluble  in 
water.  The  di-  and  tri-metallic  salts  of  the  other  metals  are 
insoluble  in  water,  but  soluble  in  the  presence  of  most  min- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  g 

€ral   acids.       The  arsenates  are   generally  insoluble   in   alco- 
hol. 

Acidvini  Arsenosum. — i.  Arsenous  acid  combines 
with  alkali  hydrates  and  carbonates  to  form  arsenites. 
2.  The  soluble  arsenites  (generally  not  the  free  acid)  pre- 
cipitate neutral  solutions  of  nearly  all  metallic  salts,  except 
those  of  the  alkalies.  3.  Ferric  hydrate  or  a  solution  of 
dialyzed  iron  gives  an  insoluble  basic  arsenite  with  a  solution 
of  an  arsenite  or  arsenous  acid.  To  some  extent  this  is 
changed  to  a  basic  ferrous  arsenate  (P.  &  J.,  118).  4.  Arse- 
nous acid  is  said  to  combine  with  potassium  acid  tartrate  to 
form  a  double  salt,  analogous  to  tartar  emetic  (Watts,  V.  686). 
5.  A  solution  ef  potassium  iodide  with  arsenous  acid  or 
potassium  arsenite  yields  a  precipitate  of  (KI)2(As203)  which 
is  sparingly  soluble  in  water  (Watts,  I.  373).  One  dram  of 
potassium  iodide  dissolved  in  one  dram  of  Fowler's  solution 
gives  only  a  slight  precipitate.  6.  Fowler's  solution  gives  a 
brown-white  precipitate  with  lime  water.  7.  With  tannic 
acid,  it  gives  a  nearly  white  precipitate  which  with  the 
liquid  turns  to  a  dark,  dirty  green  in  less  than  a  day. 
8.  With  a  solution  of  mercuric  chloride  Fowler's  solution 
gives  a  white  precipitate,  consisting  of  a  mercurous  salt.  If 
the  Fowler's  solution  is  in  large  excess  there  will  be  formed 
a  white  precipitate  at  first  and  in  a  few  hours  a  dark  gray 
precipitate  of  metallic  mercury.  9.  Fowler's  solution  is 
alkaline  and  may  precipitate  solutions  of  alkaloidal  salts  and 
other  neutral  salts.  10.  Arsenous  compounds  are  oxidized  to 
arsenic  compounds  by  nitric  acid,  chlorine,  chlorates  in  acid 
solution,  iodine  in  alkaline  solution,  silver  salts  in  alkaline 
mixtures,  mercuric  or  mercurous  compounds  in  alkaline 
mixtures,  ferric  compounds  in  alkaline  mixtures,  permanga- 
nates, or  chromates.  1 1.  Arsenous  compounds  are  reduced 
to  metallic  arsenic  by  hypophosphites  in  acid  mixtures. 
12.  Arsenites  of  potassium,  sodium,  or  ammonium  are  solu- 
ble in  water;  barium  and  strontium  are  sparingly  soluble; 
the  other  metallic  arsenites  are  insoluble.      They  are  generally 


10  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

dissolved  and  decomposed  by  dilute  mineral  acids.  [See 
AciDA.] 

Acicluiii  Beiizoicvim. —  i.  Benzoic  acid  combines  with 
the  hydrates  of  the  alkalies  and  calcium  to  form  benzoates. 

2.  It  liberates  carbon  dioxide  from  carbonates.  3.  Soluble 
benzoates  precipitate  nearly  neutral  solutions  of  ferric  salts 
as  ferric  benzoate,  which  is  flesh  colored.  The  presence  of 
an  excess  of  free  acid  or  of  alkali  tartrates  interferes  with  or 
prevents  the  precipitation.  4.  Sodium  benzoate  gives  precip- 
itates with  solutions  of  salts  of  silver,  mercury,  and  lead,  the 
latter  being  somewhat  soluble  in  excess  of  lead  acetate. 
5.  Sodium  benzoate  gives  a  white,  sticky  precipitate  when  it 
is  added  to  a  solution  of  quinine  bisulphate  or  to  a  slightly 
acidulated  solution  of  quinine  sulphate  if  the  quinine  solution 
is  not  too  dilute.  Quinine  benzoate  is  soluble  in  about  370 
parts  of  water  and  more  soluble  in  alcohol.  6.  Hydrogen 
dioxide  with  a  little  sulphuric  acid  converts  benzoic  acid  into 
salicylic  acid  (M,  &  M.,  I.  470).  7.  Benzoic  acid  is  not 
readily  attacked  by  nitric  or  chromic  acid.  8.  Concentrated 
aqueous  solutions  of  benzoates  give  a  crystalline  precipitate 
of  benzoic  acid  when  dilute  solutions  of  strong  acids  are 
added.  9.  Most  benzoates  are  soluble  in  water  and  many 
are  soluble  in  alcohol.  The  more  sparingly  soluble  benzoates 
dissolve  readily  in  aqueous  solutions  of  sodium  acetate,  lead 
acetate,  or  sodium  nitrate  (Storer,  61).  10.  The  solubility 
of  the  free  acid  in  water  is  increased  by  the  presence  of  borax, 
alkali  citrates,  or  sodium  phosphate.  11.  Benzoic  acid  dis- 
solves in  a  concentrated  solution  of  sodium  sulphite,  forming 
sodium  benzene-sulphinate  which  is  very  soluble  (Allen,  III. 
part  I.   12).      [See  AciDA.] 

Acidum  Boricum. — i.  Boric  acid  combines  with  the 
hydrates  of  the  alkalies  and  the  alkaline  earths  to  form 
borates.  2.  It  decomposes  carbonates  of  the  alkalies  and 
of  the  alkaline  earths,  liberating  carbon  dioxide,  but  under 
certain   conditions   carbon  dioxide    may   decompose    borates. 

3.  The  alkali  borates,  as  borax,  give  precipitates  with  nearly 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  n 

neutral  solutions  of  salts  of  several  metals,  the  precipitate 
being  more  or  less  soluble  in  excess  of  the  metallic  salt  or  in 
the  presence  of  ammonium  chloride  (Watts,  i.  641);  4.  with 
mercuric  chloride  the  precipitate  is  the  red-brown  basic 
mercuric  chloride  (Watts,  I.  641);  5.  with  silver  nitrate  the 
precipitate  is  silver  borate  (sometimes  mixed  with  a  little 
oxide) ;  6.  with  lead  acetate,  barium  chloride,  or  calcium 
chloride  the  precipitate  is  a  borate  of  the  metal  (P.  &  J. ,  164) ; 
7.  with  alum  the  precipitate  is  aluminum  hydroxide;  8.  with 
zinc  sulphate  the  precipitate  may  be  chiefly  a  borate  or  a 
mixture  of  the  borate  with  a  basic  compound  (Watts,  I.  649); 

9.  with  ferric  salts  a  basic  borate  is  formed  (Watts,  I.  530). 

10.  The  alkali  borates  are  alkaline  in  reaction,  consequently 
cause  a  precipitation  with  most  alkaloidal  salts,  liberating 
the  alkaloid.  11.  Concentrated  solutions  of  borates  give  a 
precipitate    of    boric    acid    with    nearly    all    mineral   acids. 

12.  All  of  the  borates,  excepting  the  alkali  borates,  are 
nearly  insoluble  in  water  but  are  generally  soluble  in  the 
presence  of  free  boric,  tartaric,  and  mineral  acids.  They 
are  all  nearly  insoluble  in  alcohol.  13.  The  solubility  of  the 
free  acid  is  increased  by  the  presence  of  tartaric  acid,  potas- 
sium tartrate,  or  Rochelle  salt,  the  salts  being  partially 
decomposed  (Watts,  l.  639).  Boric  acid  seems  to  act  the 
part  of  a  base  with  tartaric  acid  (Watts,  I.  648).  [See 
AciDA  and  SODII  BORAS.] 

Acidviiu  Carbolicum. —  i.  Carbolic  acid  exposed  to 
the  air  absorbs  enough  of  moisture  to  liquefy  it.  2.  On 
exposure  to  air  and  light  it  becomes  pink,  red,  and  even 
brown.  This  is  probably  due  to  several  causes,  no  explana- 
tion being  entirely  satisfactory.  3.  Carbolic  acid  with 
ammonia  water  gives  a  colorless  solution  which  slowly 
becomes  green,  then  deep  blue,  and  finally  purplish  blue. 
4.  With  ammonia  water  and  a  solution  of  chlorinated  soda 
it  gives  a  deep  blue.  5.  Carbolic  acid  combines  with  con- 
centrated solutions  of  fixed  alkali  hydrates  to  form  car- 
bolates.      It  does  not  combine  with  alkali  carbonates,  except 


12  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

perhaps  on  boiling.  6.  Alkaline  solutions  of  carbolic  acid 
absorb  atmospheric  oxygen,  forming  dark-colored  products. 

7.  Carbolic  acid  with  the  U.  S.  P.  solution  of  ferric  chloride 
gives  no  change  in  color  but  on  adding  water  a  green  is  pro- 
duced and  on  further  dilution  gives  a  violet-blue  color. 
This  violet-blue  color  is  prevented  or  destroyed  by  most 
mineral  and  organic  acids,  by  some  salts,  and  by  many 
organic    substances    such     as    alcohol,    ether,    and     glycerin. 

8.  Gelatin  is  completely  dissolved  by  strong  carbolic  acid 
but  is  coagulated  when  the  acid  is  added  in  excess  to  its 
aqueous  solution  (Allen,  II.  539).  9.  Carbolic  acid  coagulates 
aqueous  solutions  of  albumin.  10.  It  coagulates  collodion 
(difference  from  creosote),  separating  the  nitro-cellulose  as  a 
gelatinous  mass.  1 1.  Hydrogen  dioxide  oxidizes  it  to  pyro- 
catechin,  quinone,  and  hydroquinone  (M.  &  M.,  III.  832). 
The  solution  becomes  yellow  to  red  brown  on  standing. 
12.  Potassium  permanganate  oxidizes  it  to  oxalic  acid  and 
carbon  dioxide  (N.  D.,  39).  13.  Nitric  acid  oxidizes  it 
to  mono-,  di-,  and  tri-nitrophenol,  the  latter  being  picric 
acid.  14.  Nitrous  acid  forms  nitroso-phenol.  Spirit  of 
nitrous  ether  with  carbolic  acid  gives  a  yellow  color, 
changing  to  a  red  brown  in  a  few  minutes,  then  to  a 
deep  brown-red;  after  some  hours  a  precipitate  forms. 
15.  Carbolic  acid  with  strong  sulphuric  acid  forms  phenol- 
sulphonic  acid.  16.  Phenol  is  scarcely,  if  at  all,  attacked 
by  iodine  (Watts,  IV.  390).  17.  An  aqueous  solution  of 
phenol  with  bromine  water  gives  a  crystalline  precipitate 
of  tribromo-phenol  which  is  not  so  very  soluble  in  dilute 
alcohol.  18.  Carbolic  acid  reduces  salts  of  several  of  the 
metals,  as  silver,  copper,  and  mercury.  19.  On  mixing 
aqueous  solutions  of  carbolic  acid  and  antipyrin  an  oily  liquid 
settles  to  the  bottom.  20.  Crystalline  carbolic  acid  gives  a 
soft  mass  or  a  liquid  when  triturated  with  acetamid,  ace- 
tanilid,  antipyrin,  borneol,  bromal  hydrate,  butyl  chloral 
hydrate,  camphor,  monobromated  camphor,  chloral  alco- 
holate,  chloral   hydrate,  chloralamid,  diuretin,  euphorin^ 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  13 

exalgin,  lead  acetate,  menthol,  methacetin,  naphtaiin, 
naphtol,  phenacetin,  pyrocatechin,  pyrogallol,  resin,  resor- 
cin,  salol,  sodium  phosphate,  terpin  hydrate,  thymol,  or 
urethane.  These  reactions  are  due  in  some  cases  to  the  for- 
mation of  new  chemical  compounds,  and  in  some  cases  proba- 
bly to  the  fact  that  carbolic  acid  is  hygroscopic,  and  also  that 
it  liquefies  when  warmed  by  trituration.  21.  Atropine,  hy- 
podermatically,  is  a  very  complete  physiological  antagonist, 
maintaining  the  heart  and  respiration  (Potter,  yy).  Recent 
experiments  indicate  that  alcohol  is  in  some  way  antagonistic 
to  carbolic  acid. 

Aciduiii  Chromicuni — i.  Chromic  acid  combines 
with  the  alkali  hydrates  to  form  yellow  normal  chromates 
and  red  dichromates.  2.  Chromic  acid,  or  chromates  in 
solution  with  sulphuric  acid,  are  reduced  to  chromic  salts  by 
tartrates,  producing  formic  acid,  carbon  dioxide,  and  water; 
3.  by  oxalates,  forming  carbon  dioxide;  4.  by  hypophos- 
phites  (no  action  in  alkaline  mixtures),  forming  phosphoric 
acid;  5.  by  sulphides,  liberating  sulphur;  6.  by  sulphites, 
forming  sulphuric  acid ;  7.  by  chlorides,  liberating  chlorine; 
8.  by  bromides,  liberating  bromine;  9.  by  iodides,  liberat- 
ing iodine;  10.  by  dilute  alcohol,  forming  aldehyde  and 
acetic  acid.  ii.  Chromic  acid,  with  strong  alcohol,  glyce- 
rin, ether,  volatile  oils,  or  other  readily  oxidizable  matter,  is 
liable  to  cause  an  explosion  or  fire,  12.  The  soluble  chro- 
mates and  bichromates  precipitate  aqueous  solutions  of  salts 
of  lead,  silver,  mercury,  bismuth,  manganese,  barium,  and 
strontium  as  chromates,  generally  normal,  varying  in  color 
from  yellow  to  red.  13.  Potassium  bichromate  precipitates 
many  alkaloids  from  aqueous  solutions  of  their  salts,  e.g., 
atropine,  codeine,  hydrastine,  quinine,  strychnine,  morphine 
(only  in  concentrated  solutions,  i  :  100).  The  normal  potas- 
sium chromate  does  not  precipitate  as  many  of  the  alkaloids 
as  the  bichromate,  14,  Bichromates  are  liable  to  cause  an 
explosion  when  triturated  with  tannic  acid,  sugar,  or  other 
substances  that  are  easily  oxidized.      15.   The  chromates  of 


14 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


the  alkalies,  magnesium,  calcium,  and  zinc  are  soluble  in 
water;  the  others  are  sparingly  soluble.  They  are  nearly 
insoluble  in  alcohol, 

Acidum  Clirysoplianicum. — i.  Chrysophanic  acid  is 
dissolved  by  aqueous  solutions  of  alkalies,  forming  a  liquid 
which  is  pink  when  dilute  and  dark  purplish-red  when  concen- 
trated. This  solution,  when  neutralized  with  acids,  precipi- 
tates the  yellow  chrysophanic  acid  (Allen,  ill.  part  I.  282). 
2.  An  ammoniacal  solution  of  chrysophanic  acid  gives  a  lilac- 
colored  precipitate  with  acetate  of  lead  and  rose-colored  with 
alum  (Allen,  III.  part  I.  283). 

Acidum  Citricum. —  i.  Citric  acid  forms  citrates  with 
most  metallic  hydrates  or  carbonates,  with  most  acetates, 
with  alkaline  sulphides,  and  with  soap.  2.  With  a  strong 
solution  of  potassium  tartrate  or  Rochelle  salt  citric  acid 
forms  sodium  citrate  and  potassium  bitartrate  which  is  pre- 
cipitated. 3.  A  strong  solution  of  citric  acid  gives  a  precipi- 
tate with  a  solution  of  bismuth  and  ammonium  citrate,  but  it 
may  take  several  hours.  4.  Soluble  citrates  and  citric  acid 
when  heated  with  lime  water  give  a  precipitate  of  calcium 
citrate.  5.  Neutral  soluble  citrates  precipitate  solutions  of 
lead  acetate  and  silver  nitrate  as  citrates,  both  being  soluble 
in  excess  of  the  precipitant.  6.  The  normal  magnesium 
citrate  is  sometimes  precipitated  in  the  official  solution  of 
magnesium  citrate  when  the  citric  acid  is  not  present  in  con- 
siderable excess.  7.  An  alkaline  solution  of  a  citrate  with 
chlorine  gives  some  chloroform  (M.  &  M.,  11.  194).  8. 
Citric  acid  is  oxidized  to  acetic  and  oxalic  acids  by  concen- 
trated nitric  acid  (P.  &  J.,  178);  it  is  scarcely  attacked  by 
dilute  nitric  acid  (Watts,  I.  996).  9.  An  acidulated  solution 
of  potassium  permanganate  oxidizes  it  to  carbon  dioxide 
and  acetone  (Allen,  I.  453).  The  free  acid  is  scarcely  if  at 
all  affected  by  the  permanganate  (Prescott,  88).  10.  Neutral 
or  nearly  neutral  solutions  of  salts  of  aluminum,  iron,  nickel, 
manganese,  antimony,  mercuric  mercury,  copper,  zinc, 
chromium,  calcium,  or  magnesium,  in  the  presence  of  the 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  15 

alkali  citrates,  are  not  generally  precipitated  by  the  alkali 
hydrates,  carbonates,  phosphates,  or  by  borax.  The  ci- 
trates also  sometimes  prevent  precipitation  of  the  metals  by 
oxalates  and  sulphates.  In  many  instances  there  are  double 
compounds  formed.  If  heat  be  applied  precipitation  may 
take  place.  11.  The  insoluble  citrates  are  transposed  by  the 
dilute  mineral  acids.  12.  When  a  drug  containing  tannin 
is  added  to  a  mixture  of  a  ferric  salt  and  an  alkali  citrate, 
there  is  a  darkening,  but  the  citrate  tends  to  prevent  the 
formation  of  the  black  tannate  of  iron.  13.  Citric  acid  aids 
the  solution  of  quinine  sulphate  in  water  and  the  solution  is 
fluorescent.  If  an  alkali  citrate  is  now  added  to  this  the  fluo- 
rescence is  destroyed  and  in  a  few  minutes  a  crystalline  pre- 
cipitate forms.  This  may  be  dissolved  by  the  further  addi- 
tion of  citric  acid  or  a  mineral  acid.  Quinine  citrate  is  soluble 
in  806  parts  of  water  (N.  D.,  1326).  14.  The  presence  of  an 
alkali  citrate  increases  the  solubility  in  water  of  some  acids  as 
gallic,  salicylic,  and  benzoic.  15.  The  citrates  of  the  alka- 
lies are  soluble  in  water;  those  of  iron,  zinc,  and  copper  are 
moderately  soluble;  the  other  single  citrates  are  nearly  insol- 
uble. Citric  acid  in  excess  converts  the  insoluble  citrates  into 
the  more  soluble  acid  citrates,  and  the  alkali  citrates  convert 
them  into  the  more  soluble  double  citrates.      [See  AciDA.] 

Aciduin  Gallicuni. —  i.  An  aqueous  solution  of  gallic 
acid  soon  decomposes  when  exposed  to  air,  giving  off  carbon 
dioxide,  turning  yellow,  brown,  and  black,  and  depositing  a 
black  substance  ;  this  coloration  is  hastened  by  alkali  hydrates, 
forming  tanno-melanic  acid  (Allen,  III.  part  I.  68).  2.  Gallic 
acid  combines  with  alkali  hydrates.  In  mixtures  of  the  acid 
and  a  solution  of  potassium  or  sodium  hydrate,  when  the  acid 
is  in  excess,  the  color  becomes  green ;  when  the  alkali  is  in 
excess,  the  color  is  yellow,  changing  to  red  and  brown.  3. 
Gallic  acid  in  excess  with  ammonia  water  gives  a  yellow 
color,  but  when  the  ammonia  is  in  excess  the  color  is  red 
brown.  4.  It  decomposes  alkali  carbonates,  liberating  car- 
bon dioxide  and  producing  colorations  similar  to  those  given 


l6  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

when  added  to  fixed  alkali  hydrates.  5.  With  an  excess  of 
sodium  bicarbonate  a  solution  of  gallic  acid  turns  brown, 
then  green  and  ultimately  blue,  and  gives  a  precipitate  of  a 
deep  blue-green  solid  (Allen,  III.  part  I.  68).  6.  Gallic  acid 
with  lime  water  in  excess  gives  a  blue-white  precipitate,  and 
the  liquid  acquires  a  tint  which  is  blue  by  reflected  and  green 
by  transmitted  light,  and  becomes  pink  with  a  large  excess 
of  lime  water.  If  the  acid  is  in  excess  the  color  is  brown.  7. 
Gallic  acid  gives  a  blue-black  solution  or  precipitate  with  a 
solution  of  ferric  chloride.  With  an  excess  of  the  iron  the 
color  is  green  blue  to  a  green  brown.  Heat  changes  the  blue- 
black  color  to  brown,  due  (according  to  Allen,  in.  part  I.  68) 
to  the  reduction  of  the  ferric  iron  to  the  ferrous  condition,  or 
(according  to  the  U.  S.  D.,  50)  to  the  conversion  of  gallic 
acid  into  pyrogallic  or  metagallic  acid.  8.  Gallic  acid  with 
a  strong  solution  of  a  pure  ferrous  salt  gives  a  white  precipi- 
tate. On  exposure  to  air  the  mixture  soon  becomes  colored, 
due  to  the  oxidation  of  the  iron.  9.  With  a  solution  of 
potassium  cyanide  gallic  acid  gives  a  transient  red  color.  10. 
With  a  solution  of  tartar  emetic  it  gives  a  precipitate  of  gal- 
late  of  antimony ;  in  dilute  solution  the  precipitation  is  pre- 
vented by  ammonium  chloride,  ii.  Gallic  acid  produces  a 
precipitate  when  added  to  a  solution  of  lead  acetate.  12.  It 
reduces  salts  of  silver  and  gold  to  the  metals.  13.  Oxidizing 
agents,  such  as  arsenic  acid,  silver  nitrate,  or  iodine,  with 
water,  convert  gallic  acid  into  elagic  acid  (Richter,  783).  14. 
Triturating  gallic  acid  with  potassium  permanganate  may 
cause  the  acid  to  take  fire.  15.  With  spirit  of  nitrous  ether 
gallic  acid  or  a  solution  of  gallic  acid  produces  an  effervescence 
and  gives  a  red  color.  16.  Gallic  acid  does  not  precipitate 
solutions  of  alkaloids,  gelatin,  albumin,  or  starch,  but  a  mix- 
ture of  gum  acacia  and  gelatin  is  precipitated  (Allen,  iii. 
part  I.  68).  17.  The  solubility  in  water  of  the  free  acid  is 
increased  by  borax  or  alkali  citrates.  18.  The  gallates  of  the 
alkalies  are  soluble,  but  the  others  are  nearly  insoluble  in 
water  and  generally  insoluble  in  alcohol. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  ly 

Acidum  Hydriodicum. —  i.  Hydriodic  acid  and  am- 
-monium  iodide  on  being  exposed  to  air  and  light  liberate 
iodine.  2.  An  alkali  iodide  in  aqueous  solution  with  mineral 
acids,  certain  organic  acids  as  citric  or  tartaric,  or  some  neu- 
tral salts  as  ammonium  nitrate  is  quite  easily  decomposed, 
liberating  iodine.  In  some  cases  an  intermediate  product  is 
hydriodic  acid,  which  is  oxidized  by  the  air.  3.  Hydriodic 
acid  and  soluble  iodides  precipitate  solutions  of  salts  of  lead, 
as  the  bright  yellow  lead  iodide.  This  is  prevented  to  some 
extent  by  alkali  acetates.  4.  They  precipitate  salts  of  silver, 
as  the  yellow-white  silver  iodide ;  of  mercurous  mercury, 
as  the  yellow  mercurous  iodide ;  of  mercuric  mercury,  as  the 
red  mercuric  iodide.  5.  The  alkali  iodides  in  excess  form 
double  compounds  with  lead,  silver,  and  mercuric  iodides, 
which  compounds  are  soluble.  The  solution  of  the  double 
salt  of  mercuric  and  potassium  iodide  (KI)5HgI,  is  known  as 
"Mayer's  reagent,"  and  precipitates  nearly  all  alkaloids  from 
their  aqueous  solutions.  6.  Mercurous  iodide  with  an  ex- 
cess of  potassium  iodide  in  the  presence  of  water  is  decom- 
posed, forming  metallic  mercury  and  mercuric  iodide,  the  lat- 
ter combining  with  potassium  iodide  to  form  the  potassium 
mercuric  iodide.  7.  Calomel  with  water  and  an  excess  of  potas- 
sium iodide  forms  mercurous  iodide  and  potassium  chloride; 
the  mercurous  iodide  is  decomposed  as  given  under  No.  6.  8. 
Soluble  iodides  reduce  cupric  salts  in  solution  and  give  a  white 
precipitate  of  cuprous  iodide ;  at  the  same  time  the  solution 
turns  red,  due  to  the  liberation  of  iodine.  9.  Soluble  iodides 
with  ferric  salts  in  acid  solutions  reduce  the  ferric  to  ferrous 
iron,  but  give  no  precipitate  of  iron  ;  iodine  is  liberated  and  if 
all  of  the  iodide  is  decomposed  may  be  precipitated.  10. 
When  bismuth  subnitrate  is  added  to  syrup  of  hydriodic 
acid  it  is  changed  to  a  yellow  substance  at  once  which  further 
changes  to  orange-red  and  then  to  dark  gray.  Sometimes  the 
ultimate  precipitate  seems  to  consist  of  two  different  sub- 
stances, one  yellow  and  the  other  gray.  When  bismuth  sub- 
nitrate  is  added  to  a  solution  of  potassium  iodide  it  assumes  a 


l8  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

yellow  color  in  a  few  hours  and  within  a  day  it  has  changed 
to  a  deep  red.  The  color  varies  with  the  iodide  formed; 
BiOI  is  red;  sBiOI, 461,0,  is  yellow ;  Bil^  is  dark  gray  (M.  & 
M.,  I.  513).  II.  Spirit  of  nitrous  ether,  or  nitrites  in  acid 
solution,  liberate  iodine  from  iodides  and  give  off  oxides  of 
nitrogen.  12.  Nitric  or  nitrohydrochloric  acid  liberates 
iodine  from  iodides  and,  if  sufficiently  concentrated,  oxidizes 
it  to  iodic  acid.  13.  Chlorine  oxidizes  iodides,  forming  iodine 
then  iodic  acid  and  in  an  alkaline  mixture  a  periodate.  The 
chlorine  is  changed  to  a  chloride.  14.  Chlorates  in  an  acid 
solution  of  an  iodide  liberate  iodine  and  then  change  it  to  iodic 
acid.  Probably  a  similar  reaction  takes  place  in  the  stomach 
when  a  chlorate  and  an  iodide  are  taken  together.  15. 
lodates  in  acid  solution  with  iodides  liberate  iodine  from 
both.  Iodides  sometimes  contain  iodates  as  impurities,  hence 
the  liberation  on  adding  an  acid.  16.  Arsenic  compounds 
in  acid  solution  with  iodides  liberate  iodine  and  become  ar- 
senous.  17.  A  solution  of  potassium  iodide  with  arsenous 
acid  or  potassium  arsenite  yields  a  precipitate  of  2¥A,  T^AsJd^ 
which  is  sparingly  soluble  in  cold  water  (Watts,  I.  377). 
When  one  dram  of  potassium  iodide  is  added  to  one  fluid 
dram  of  the  U.  S.  P.  solution  of  potassium  arsenite,  a  white 
percipitate  forms  in  a  few  hours  ;  if  half  that  amount  of  iodide 
is  added  the  precipitation  may  not  take  place  for  several  days. 
18.  Chromates  in  acid  solution  liberate  iodine  and  form 
chromic  salts.  19.  Permanganates  in  acid  solutions  liberate 
iodine  and,  if  in  great  excess,  oxidize  it  to  iodic  acid.  20. 
Hydrogen  dioxide  in  acid  solution  liberates  iodine  from 
iodides,  slowly  in  neutral  mixtures.  21.  The  iodides  some- 
times contain  carbonates  and  would  then  have  the  incompati- 
bilities of  the  carbonates.  22.  The  alkali  iodides  precipitate 
aqueous  solutions  of  many  alkaloidal  salts.  In  some  cases 
this  is  due  to  the  formation  of  compounds  that  are  less  soluble 
in  water  than  the  original  salt.  When  a  large  excess  of  the 
alkali  iodide  is  used  it  may  render  the  alkaloidal  salt  less 
soluble  in  the  solution  than  it  is  in  water.     The  precipitation 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


19 


in  other  cases  is  due  to  the  carbonate  occurring  as  an  impurity 
in  the  iodide.  The  presence  of  alcohol  prevents  the  precipi- 
tation to  a  considerable  extent.  The  prescribing  of  strych- 
nine sulphate  with  potassium  iodide  is  particularly  dangerous. 
because  the  precipitation  may  not  take  place  for  some  time. 
A  solution  of  one  twelfth  of  a  grain  of  strychnine  sulphate 
with  five  grains  of  potassium  iodide  and  two  drams  of  water 
does  not  usually  precipitate  at  once,  but  may  do  so  within  a 
few  hours.  23.  The  lead,  silver,  mercurous,  mercuric,  cuprous, 
bismuth,  and  stannous  iodides  are  nearly  insoluble  in  water; 
all  others  are  soluble.  Nearly  all  iodides,  except  lead,  silver, 
and  mercurous,  are  soluble  in  alcohol.      [See  AciDA.] 

Acicluiii  Hydrobroinicvini. —  i.  The  soluble  bro- 
mides and  hydrobromic  acid  precipitate  solutions  of  salts  of 
lead,  silver,  and  mercurous  mercury  as  bromides.  2.  In 
concentrated  aqueous  mixtures  alkali  bromides  form  double 
soluble  compounds  with  lead  or  silver  bromide,  which  double 
compounds  are  broken  up  by  a  large  amount  of  water.  3. 
An  aqueous  solution  of  an  alkali  bromide  or  of  hydrobromic 
acid  causes  calomel  to  turn  black  and  the  filtrate  gives  a  test 
for  a  mercuric  salt.  Probably  a  reaction  takes  place  similar 
to  the  one  explained  under  AciDUM  Hydriodicum,  No.  6. 
4.  Alkali  bromides  precipitate  strong  solutions  of  mercuric 
salts  as  mercuric  bromide  which  is  soluble  in  excess  of  the 
mercuric  salt  or  of  the  alkali  bromide.  5.  Bromides  with 
nitric  acid  give  bromine.  6.  Chlorine  forms  bromine  and 
hydrochloric  acid.  In  alkaline  mixtures  a  bromate  is  formed. 
7.  Chlorates  in  acid  solution  give  bromine  and  hydrochloric 
acid.  8.  lodates  in  acid  solution  with  bromides  liberate 
iodine  and  bromine.  9.  Bromides  in  acid  solutions  reduce 
permanganates  to  manganous  salts  and  liberate  bromine. 
10.  Chromates  in  acid  solution  with  bromides  form  chromic 
salts  and  bromine.  11.  The  alkali  bromides  precipitate  some 
of  the  alkaloids  from  the  solutions  of  their  salts  similar  to 
the  alkali  iodides  [see  AciDUM  HYDRIODICUM,  No.  22]  but 
are  not  as  apt  to  do  so.     The  presence  of  alcohol  generally 


20  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

prevents  this  precipitation.  12.  The  alkali  bromides  some- 
times contain  carbonates  as  impurities  and  would  then  have 
the  incompatibilities  of  carbonates  and  the  solution  would  be 
alkaline.  13.  The  metallic  bromides  are  soluble  in  water, 
except  lead,  mercury,  silver,  copper,  and  bismuth.  They 
are  generally  somewhat  soluble  in  alcohol.      [See  AciDA.] 

Aciduni  Hydrochloricuni. —  i.  Hydrochloric  acid 
and  the  soluble  chlorides  precipitate  as  chlorides  solutions  of 
salts  of  lead,  silver,  and  mercurous  mercury.  2.  With  a 
solution  of  tartar  emetic  hydrochloric  acid  gives  a  precipi- 
tate of  basic  chloride  of  antimony.  3.  Hydrochloric  acid 
with  chlorates  gives  chlorine  and  various  chlorides  of  oxy- 
gen. 4.  Concentrated  hydrochloric  acid  with  concentrated 
nitric  acid  gives  chlorine  and  oxychlorides  of  nitrogen.  5. 
Permanganates  liberate  chlorine  from  hydrochloric  acid  and 
are  reduced  to  manganous  chloride.  6.  Chromates  form 
•chromic  chloride  and  free  chlorine.  7.  Bismuth  citrate  is 
precipitated  from  a  solution  of  bismuth  and  ammonium 
■citrate  when  hydrochloric  acid  is  added  to  it.  8.  Some 
writers  say  that  chlorides  aid  the  conversion  of  calomel  to 
mercuric  chloride.  [See  Hydrargyrum,  No.  7.]  9.  The 
soluble  chlorides  give  hydrochloric  acid  when  treated  with 
sulphuric  acid.  10.  Hydrochloric  acid,  being  stronger  than 
most  other  acids,  except  sulphuric  and  nitric,  very  frequently 
■displaces  other  acids  when  they  are  combined  with  bases. 
II.  The  soluble  chlorides  when  added  so  as  to  make  a  con- 
centrated solution  with  a  solution  of  an  alkaloidal  salt  may 
precipitate  the  alkaloid.  12.  Hydrochloric  acid  added  to  an 
alcoholic  solution  of  myrrh  gives  a  red  to  a  violet  color; 
added  to  an  alcoholic  solution  of  balsam  of  Tolu  gives  a 
yellow  color,  changing  through  brown  to  cherry  red ;  with 
many  resins  a  brown  color  is  produced.  13.  The  normal 
chlorides,  except  lead,  mercurous,  and  silver,  are  soluble  in 
water.  Many  of  the  chlorides  are  soluble  in  alcohol.  [See 
AciDA.] 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


21 


Aciduin      Hydrocyaiiicuin     Dilutum.  —  i.     The 

aqueous  solution  of  hydrocyanic  acid  decomposes  into  the 
formate  of  ammonium  (Richter,  266).  2,  Potassium  cyanide 
in  aqueous  solution  is  decomposed  on  standing,  giving  potas- 
sium formate  and  ammonia  (Watts,  li.  218).  3.  An  aqueous 
solution  of  potassium  cyanide  is  quite  strongly  alkaline,  and 
this  alkalinity  increases  with  exposure,  due  to  the  absorption 
of  carbon  dioxide  and  the  volatilization  of  the  hydrocyanic 
acid.  4.  Concentrated  mineral  acids  produce  formic  acid 
and  a  salt  of  ammonium  (Watts,  II.  199).  5.  Hydrocyanic 
acid  and  the  soluble  cyanides,  except  mercuric  cyanide,  pre- 
cipitate the  white  silver  cyanide  from  solutions  of  silver 
salts;  the  precipitate  forms  soluble  double  compounds  with 
the  alkali  cyanides.  6.  They  decompose  mercurous  com- 
pounds, forming  metallic  mercury  and  mercuric  salts.  In 
case  of  calomel  the  powder  is  turned  dark  at  once  on  account 
of  the  metallic  mercury.  7.  The  alkali  cyanides  precipitate 
solutions  of  lead  salts  as  white  lead  cyanide.  8.  The  alkali 
cyanides  precipitate  solutions  of  copper  salts  as  the  yellow- 
green  copper  cyanide,  which  is  soluble  in  excess  of  the  alkali 
cyanide.  9.  Potassium  cyanide  with  a  solution  of  ferrous 
sulphate  gives  a  brown  precipitate  of  ferrous  cyanide  which 
dissolves  in  excess  of  the  alkali  cyanide  forming  potassium 
ferrocyanide.  10.  Nitric  acid  decomposes  cyanides  with  the 
evolution  of  nitrogen  and  other  gases  (N.  D.,  65).  11.  With 
hydrogen  dioxide  and  sulphuric  acid  cyanides  are  decom- 
posed, forming  oxamid  (U.  S.  D.,  64).  12.  Cyanides  reduce 
potassium  permanganate  and  are  changed  to  carbon  di- 
oxide, nitric,  nitrous,  oxalic,  and  formic  acids  (M.  &  M.,  II. 
346).  13.  Chlorine  or  chlorinated  lime  with  a  solution  of 
potassium  cyanide  forms  chloride  of  cyanogen  and  hydro- 
chloric acid  (M.  &  M.,  11.  302).  14.  With  a  concentrated 
solution  of  iodine  potassium  cyanide  forms  potassium  iodide 
and  iodide  of  cyanogen  (M.  &  M.,  II.  342).  Even  in  dilute 
solutions  the  color  of  iodine  is  destroyed.  15,  Rubbed  with 
potassium  nitrate  or  chlorate,  potassium  cyanide  detonates 


22  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

violently.  i6.  If  potassium  cyanide  and  chloral  hydrate- 
are  rubbed  together  reaction  takes  place  with  the  evolution 
of  a  large  volume  of  white  fumes.  17.  Aqueous  solutions  of 
the  alkali  cyanides  being  alkaline  may  precipitate  alkaloids 
from  solutions  of  their  salts  as  the  free  alkaloids.  18.  Cyan- 
ides of  the  alkalies  and  alkaline  earths  are  decomposed  by  all 
acids,  even  carbonic,  with  the  liberation  of  hydrocyanic  acid. 
19.  The  cyanides  of  the  alkalies  and  the  alkaline  earths  and 
mercuric  cyanide  are  soluble  in  water;  the  others  are  made 
soluble  in  the  presence  of  the  alkali  cyanides  by  forming 
double  compounds.  Excepting  mercuric  cyanide  they  are 
generally  insoluble  in  alcohol.  20.  Atropine  and  ammonia 
are  physiologically  antagonistic  to  cyanides  in  that  they 
quicken  the  heart  beat. 

Acicluin  Hypopliosphorosum  Dilutum. — i.  Di- 
lute hypophosphorous  acid  is  oxidized  to  phosphorous  and 
phosphoric  acids  on  exposure  to  air.  2.  Hypophosphorous 
acid  and  hypophosphites  in  acid  solution  are  oxidized  to 
phosphoric  acid  by  nearly  all  oxidizing  agents,  and  cause  a 
reduction  of  these  agents.  3.  Nitrous  or  nitric  acid  forms 
nitric  oxide.  4.  Sulphurous  acid  forms  sulphur.  5.  Chlo- 
rine and  chlorates  are  changed  to  hydrochloric  acid  or  chlo- 
rides. 6.  Iodine  is  reduced  to  hydriodic  acid.  7.  Mercu- 
rous  and  mercuric  compounds  are  reduced  to  the  metal, 
even  in  neutral  and  alkaline  mixtures.  Calomel  is  turned 
dark  at  once  when  mixed  with  potassium  hypophosphite. 
8.  Permanganates  are  changed  to  manganous  compounds 
(to  manganese  dioxide  in  alkaline  mixtures).  9.  Chromates 
form  chromic  salts.  10.  Cupric  sulphate  with  hypophos- 
phorous acid  gives  a  precipitate  of  cuprous  hydride  which  be- 
gins to  form  after  an  hour  or  more.  Copper  sulphate  with 
potassium  hypophosphite  gives  a  white  precipitate.  11. 
Bismuth  subnitrate  with  a  solution  of  potassium  hypophos- 
phite in  the  presence  of  moisture  becomes  brown  in  an  hour 
or  two.  Bismuth  is  reduced  from  the  condition  having  a 
quantivalence  of  three  to  that  having  a  quantivalence  of  twa 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


23 


(P.  &  J.,  220).  12.  In  the  presence  of  hydrochloric  acid 
arsenic  acid  is  reduced  to  arsenous  acid  and  then  to  metalHc 
arsenic  (P.  &  J.,  220).  13.  Ferric  salts  are  reduced  to 
ferrous  (P.  &  J.,  221).  When  an  alkali  hypophosphite  is 
added  to  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride  a  white  precipitate  of 
ferric  hypophosphite  is  formed  which  is  dissolved  by  adding  a 
large  excess  of  hydrochloric  acid  or  an  alkali  citrate  in  consid- 
erable amount.  14.  Compounds  of  silver  and  gold  are  re- 
duced to  the  metals.  15.  Hypophosphorous  acid  dissolves 
quinine  sulphate  with  a  blue  fluorescence.  Adding  potas- 
sium hypophosphite  to  the  solution  destroys  the  fluorescence 
and  in  sufificient  amount  precipitates  the  quinine.  16.  Hypo- 
phosphites  are  decomposed  by  nearly  all  acids.  17.  Hypo- 
phosphites  when  triturated  with  some  oxidizing  agents,  as 
potassium  chlorate,  are  apt  to  cause  an  explosion.  18.  Hy- 
pophosphites  are  soluble  in  water,  except  ferric  hypophos- 
phite which  is  only  sparingly  soluble.  Many  are  soluble  in 
alcohol.      [See  Acida.] 

AcicUmi  Lacticum. —  i.  Lactic  acid  displaces  acetic 
and  carbonic  acids  from  their  compounds.  2.  It  coagulates  a 
solution  of  albumin.  3.  With  nitric  acid  it  forms  oxalic 
acid  (N.  D.,  70).  4.  With  potassium  permanganate  and 
sulphuric  acid  it  gives  the  odor  of  aldehyde  (U.  S.  P.,  16). 
With  potassium  permanganate  its  gives  pyruvic  acid  (M.  &  M., 
III.  1 10).  5.  Hydriodic  acid  at  once  reduces  lactic  acid  to 
propionic  acid  (Richter,  357).  On  mixing  lactic  acid  and 
syrup  of  hydriodic  acid  together  no  coloration  takes  place  at 
once,  but  after  some  hours  the  mixture  becomes  yellow.  6. 
Lactates  are  generally  insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  [See 
AciDA.] 

Aciduin  Meconicum. —  i.  Meconic  acid,  with  a  nearly 
neutral  solution  of  a  ferric  salt,  gives  a  red-colored  solution, 
the  color  being  destroyed  by  large  excess  of  hydrochloric 
acid.  2.  With  a  weak  solution  of  an  ammoniated  copper 
sulphate  it  gives  a  green  precipitate.  3.  It  gives  a  white 
precipitate   with  solutions  of  lead  acetate,  silver  nitrate, 


24  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

barium  chloride,  and  calcium  chloride  (U.    S.    D.    69).     4. 
Nitric  acid  converts  it  into  oxalic  acid   (Allen,   ill.    part   II. 

337)- 

Acidum    Nitricum. —  i.    Nitric    acid   is  a  strong  oxi- 
dizing  agent,    and   in   oxidizing   substances  it  is   reduced    to 
dinitrogen   tetroxide  (N,0,),  nitrous   anhydride  (N,0,),  nitric 
oxide    (NO),    nitrous    oxide    (N,0),  nitrogen,    or    ammonia. 
2.    Nitric   acid  oxidizes  hypophosphites   to   phosphates;    3. 
sulphides  to  sulphur,  and   then   sulphates;  4.    sulphites  to 
sulphates;   5,  bromides  to  free  bromine;  6.  iodides  to   free 
iodine,    and  then    to   iodic  acid;    7.  oxalates  to    carbon  di- 
oxide; 8.  citrates   to  acetic  and  oxalic  acids;  9.  mercurous 
compounds  to  mercuric ;    10.  arsenous   compounds  to  arse- 
nic;   II.  ferrous  compounds  to  ferric.      12.    Nitric  acid  dis- 
solves   many    metals,    while  it  itself  is  partly    decomposed. 
13.   With   concentrated   hydrochloric  acid  it   forms  chlorine 
and   oxychlorides   of    nitrogen.      14.   With   carbolic   acid    it 
forms  picric  acid.      15.    Nitric  acid  reacts  with  tannic   acid, 
giving    off    oxides   of  nitrogen.      16.   With  salicylic   acid  it 
forms  nitrosalicylic  acid.      17.   With  alcohol  it  acts  violently, 
giving  off  red   fumes,    and  forming  aldehyde,  acetic,   formic, 
and   carbonic  acids.      18.   With  creosote,  volatile   oils,   and 
other  organic  substances  the  reaction  with  nitric  acid  may 
be  so  violent  as  to  cause  explosion   or  ignition.      19.    Nitric 
acid  gives  color  reactions  with  many  of  the  alkaloids.      Apo- 
morphine   with  nitric  acid   gives   a    violet-red;    20.  brucine 
a  scarlet  to  blood-red;  21.   physostigmine,  a  yellow  or  red; 
22.   berberine,     a  dark   brown-red;   23.    codeine,  a  yellow; 
24.   hydrastine,   an  orange;    25.    morphine,    an  orange-red, 
changing  to  yellow.      26.    Nitric  acid  gives  a   red    color  with 
barbaloin  and  nataloin,  but  not  with  socaloin.      27.   Nitric 
acid  replaces  many  weak  acids,  such   as  carbonic,  acetic,  and 
boric  acids,  when  they  are  combined  with  bases.      28.   Nitric 
acid  with  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  and  glycerin  forms  the 
explosive  nitroglycerin.      29.   With  sulphuric  acid  and  cotton 
or   other  cellulose  it   forms   gun-cotton,    some  of  the   com- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


25 


pounds  being  explosive.  30.  Nitric  acid  with  sugar  and 
heat  forms  oxalic  acid.  Very  concentrated  nitric  acid  in  the 
cold  with  sugar  forms  an  explosive  compound.  Dilute  nitric 
acid  oxidizes  sugar  to  saccharic  acid,  while  very  dilute  acid 
changes  it  to  glucose.  31.  Nitric  acid  with  silver  or  mer- 
curic nitrates,  and  strong  alcohol  forms  the  explosive  fulmi- 
nate of  silver  or  mercury.  32.  Dilute  nitric  acid,  while  an 
oxidizing  agent,  is  not  as  active  as  the  concentrated.  It  may 
not  give  color  reactions  with  some  of  the  alkaloids.  33. 
Fuming  nitric  acid  is  a  more  active  oxidizing  agent  than  the 
concentrated  acid.  When  it  is  mixed  with  organic  matter, 
violent  explosion  or  ignition  is  liable  to  take  place.  34. 
Nitrates  with  sulphuric  acid  give  nitric  acid.  35.  Nitrates, 
particularly  those  of  the  fixed  alkalies,  when  triturated  with 
substances  capable  of  being  readily  oxidized,  are  liable  to 
explode;  some  of  these  substances  are  charcoal,  phosphorus, 
sulphur,  sugar,  sulphides,  potassium  cyanide,  glycerin,  alco- 
hol, and  oils.  36.  The  nitrates  are  all  soluble  in  water ;  the 
basic  nitrates  of  bismuth  and  of  mercury  are  insoluble. 
Most  of  the  nitrates  are  nearly  or  quite  insoluble  in  alcohol. 
[See  AciDA.] 

Acidiini  Nitroliydrochloricum. —  i.  Unless  very 
highly  diluted,  nitrohydrochloric  acid  gives  a  yellow  colora- 
tion with  strychnine  sulphate.  The  products  formed  have 
not  been  determined.  2.  Nitrohydrochloric  acid  is  a  very 
strong  oxidizing  agent,  and  is  liable  to  cause  violent  reaction 
when  mixed  with  organic  matter.  3.  It  has  the  oxidizing 
properties  of  chlorine  and  the  precipitating  properties  of 
hydrochloric  acid.  [See  Chlorum  and  AciDUM  Hydro- 
CHLORICUM.] 

AcicUiin  Nitrosvini. — i.  Nitrous  acid  and  acid  solu- 
tions of  nitrites,  such  as  potassium  or  sodium  nitrite,  amyl 
nitrite  or  ethyl  nitrite  (in  spirit  of  nitrous  ether),  all  act  in  a 
similar  manner.  Sometimes  they  act  as  oxidizing  and  some- 
times as  reducing  agents.  In  neutral  or  alkaline  mixtures 
nitrites    do  not  generally  oxidize  or  reduce.      2.    Hypophos- 


26  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

phites  form  phosphoric  acid  and  nitric  oxide  when  mixed 
with  acid  solutions  of  nitrites.  3.  Sulphites  form  sulphates 
and  nitric  oxide.  4.  Chlorates  form  peroxide  of  chlorine, 
then  hydrochloric  and  nitric  acids.  5.  Iodides  form  iodine 
and  nitric  oxide.  6.  Ammonium  bromide  is  decomposed  by- 
spirit  of  nitrous  ether,  liberating  bromine.  The  other  bromides 
are  not  readily  affected.  7.  Mercurous  salts  are  re- 
duced to  metallic  mercury.  8.  Mercuric  salts  are  not  re- 
duced (P.  &  J.,  203).  However,  the  author  found  that  the 
spirit  of  nitrous  ether  after  standing  with  a  solution  of  mer- 
curic chloride  causes  the  formation  of  a  white  precipitate 
which  responds  to  the  tests  of  calomel.  9.  Permanganates 
are  reduced  to  manganous  salts  and  nitric  acid  is  formed. 
10.  Chromates  are  reduced  to  chromic  salts.  11.  Gold 
chloride  is  reduced  to  metallic  gold.  12.  Hydrogen  dioxide 
oxidizes  nitrous  acid  to  nitric.  13.  Nitrites  with  sulphuric 
acid  and  alcohol  form  ethyl  nitrite.  14.  Nitrous  acid  changes 
oleic  acid  to  the  isomeric  form  elaidin.  15.  Antipyrin  with 
acid  solutions  of  nitrites  gives  the  green  isonitroso-antipyrin. 
[See  Antipyrinum  ,No.  17.]  16.  Aretanilid  gives  a  yellow 
color  with  acidulated  solutions  of  nitrites.  [See  AcETANl- 
LIDUM,  No.  I.]  17.  Spirit  of  nitrous  ether  with  sodium 
salicylate  gives  a  brown-red  color  if  allowed  to  stand  for  a 
day  or  two.  18.  Carbolic  acid  with  spirit  of  nitrous  ether 
and  water  gives  a  yellow  solution  at  once  which  begins  to  as- 
sume a  red-brown  color  in  five  minutes  and  in  one  half  hour  is 
a  deep  red-brown.  In  a  few  hours  it  becomes  turbid  and  de- 
posits a  solid.  19.  With  tannic  or  gallic  acid  or  prepara- 
tions containing  them  in  large  amounts,  nitrites  in  acid  solu- 
tion (as  an  old  spirit  of  nitrous  ether)  give  off  gaseous  com- 
pounds, consisting  chiefly  of  oxides  of  nitrogen.  The  reac- 
tion may  continue  for  some  time,  and  bottles  containing  the 
mixture  should  not  be  stoppered  until  reaction  has   ceased. 

20.  With  thymol  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  gives  a  green  and 
then  a  brown  color,  changing  the  thymol  to  nitroso-thymol. 

21.  Spirit  of    nitrous    ether   produces  a    yellow    color    with 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  27 

morphine.  Morphine  is  converted  into  nitroso-morphine, 
pseudomorphine,  and  another  base  (M.  &  M.  iii,  436), 
22.  Spirit  of  nitrous  ether  with  a  tincture  of  guaiac  gives  a 
blue  color  which  changes  to  deep  red  in  a  few  minutes.  If 
the  guaiac  has  been  exposed  to  the  light  and  air  for  some 
time  the  blue  color  is  not  produced.  23.  Nitrous  acid  con- 
verts acetates  into  carbon  monoxide  and  other  gases  (Sco- 
ville,  223).  An  effervescence  is  frequently  quite  noticeable. 
24.  Nitrites  are  quite  soluble  in  water,  except  silver  which  is 
only  sparingly  soluble.  [See  AciDA  and  Spiritus  Aetheris 
NiTROSI.] 

Acidiim  Oleicum. — i.  Oleic  acid  combines  with  alka- 
lies to  form  soaps.  2.  Nitric  acid  oxidizes  oleic  acid  to 
acetic,  propionic,  butyric,  valeric,  adipic,  azelaic,  and  other 
acids  (M.  &  M.,  III.  637).  3.  Nitric  acid  containing  nitrous 
acid  fumes  or  nitrous  acid  converts  oleic  acid  into  the 
isomeric  elaidic  acid,  which  is  solid.  4.  Potassium  perman- 
ganate in  alkaline  mixtures  gives  azelaic  acid  and  dioxystearic 
acids  (M.  &  M.,  III.  6^7).  5.  Concentrated  sulphuric 
acid  yields  oxystearic  acid.  6.  Oleic  acid  combines  with 
bromine  to  form  dibromostearic  acid  (Allen,  11.  234).  7. 
Iodine  combines  with  oleic  acid  to  form  addition  products. 
[See  AciDA.] 

Aciclum  Phosphoricvim  —  i.  Free  orthophosphoric 
acid  partially  precipitates  solutions  of  silver  nitrate  and 
lead  acetate.  2.  With  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride  it  forms 
the  colorless  ferric  phosphate,  which  is  kept  in  solution  by 
the  liberated  hydrochloric  acid.  Tannic  acid  or  preparations 
containing  it  do  not  give  the  black  color  when  added  to  this 
solution  of  ferric  phosphate.  3.  Orthophosphoric  acid  does 
not  coagulate  Qgg  albumin  or  gelatin  (difference  from  meta- 
phosphoric  acid).  4.  Phosphoric  acid  when  added  to  a  solu- 
tion of  soluble  phosphate  or  soluble  pyrophosphate  of  iron 
produces  a  white  precipitate  of  ferric  phosphate  or  of  pyro- 
phosphate of  iron.  A  large  excess  of  the  free  acid  redissolves 
the  precipitate.     5.   The  alkali  phosphates  precipitate  neutral 


28  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

solutions  of  nearly  all  other  common  metals.  The  precipitate 
is  a  di-  or  tri-metallic  phosphate,  and  excepting  lead,  mercu- 
rous,  antimony,  and  bismuth  phosphates,  is  generally  dissolved 
by  phosphoric  acid  forming  mono-metallic  salts.  6.  The 
ofificial  sodium  phosphate  is  frequently  slightly  alkaline  and  in 
that  condition  is  apt  to  precipitate  alkaloids  from  solutions 
of  their  salts.  7.  Acetic  acid  transposes  most  of  the  insol- 
uble phosphates,  except  those  of  iron,  aluminum,  and  lead. 
Dilute  nitric,  hydrochloric,  and  sulphuric  acids  transpose  all 
phosphates,  8.  The  di-  and  tri-metallic  phosphates,  except 
those  of  the  alkalies,  are  insoluble  in  water,  but  many  are 
soluble  in  a  solution  of  an  alkali  citrate.  The  mono-metallic 
phosphates  are  soluble  in  water  to  some  extent.  Phosphates 
are  insoluble  in  alcohol. 

9.  Metaphosphoric  acid  precipitates  solutions  of  silver 
nitrate,  and  lead  acetate,  and  ferric  chloride  (difference  from 
orthophosphoric  acid),  10.  It  does  not  cause  a  precipitation 
when  it  is  added  to  a  solution  of  the  soluble  phosphate 
or  pyrophosphate  of  iron.  11.  It  coagulates  solutions  of 
egg  albumin  or  gelatin.  12.  In  aqueous  solution  metaphos- 
phoric acid  slowly  changes  to  orthophosphoric  acid. 

13.  Pyrophosphoric  acid  precipitates  solutions  of  lead 
acetate,  ferric  chloride,  and  gelatin,  14.  The  pyrophos- 
phates of  the  alkalies  are  soluble  in  water,  and  precipitate 
solutions  of  salts  of  nearly  all  other  metals.  15.  Most  of  the 
pyrophosphates  are  soluble  in  solutions  of  alkali  pyrophos- 
phates as  double  salts.  Alkali  citrates  also  have  a  solvent 
effect.      [See  Acida.] 

Aciduin  Picricum. —  i.  Picric  acid  and  picrates  pre- 
cipitate albumin,  gelatin,  and  most  alkaloids  from  aqueous 
solutions  of  their  salts.  2.  Salts  of  picric  acid  explode  when 
struck  or  strongly  heated  (Richter,  678).  3.  It  is  explo- 
sive when  rubbed  or  heated  with  readily  oxidizable  substances 
such  as  sulphur.      [See  AciDA.] 

Aciduiu  Salicylicuin. —  i.  Salicylic  acid  unites  with 
alkali  hydrates    and  with  many   metallic   oxides    to    form 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


29 


salts.  2.  Salicylic  acid  liberates  carbon  dioxide  from  car- 
bonates. 3.  Solutions  of  the  salicylates  in  water,  particularly 
if  alkaline,  become  colored  redbrown  on  exposure  to  the  air. 
This  can  be  prevented  by  the  addition  of  a  small  proportion  of 
sodium  thiosulphate  (Allen,  III.  part  i.  58).  4.  Sodium  salicy- 
late precipitates  solutions  of  lead  acetate  and  silver  nitrate 
as  salicylates.  5.  Salicylic  acid  and  soluble  salicylates  with 
dilute  solutions  of  ferric  salts  give  a  blue-violet  to  a  violet- 
red  color,  depending  upon  the  concentration.  In  rather  acid 
solutions  the  color  varies  from  that  of  the  iron  to  brown  or  red. 
The  color  is  destroyed  by  a  large  excess  of  a  mineral  acid  or 
acetic  acid.  In  nearly  neutral  solutions  a  precipitate  of  basic 
ferric  salicylate  is  formed.  6.  Sodium  salicylate  with  copper 
sulphate  gives  a  green  solution  from  which  the  copper  is  not 
precipitated  in  dilute  solutions  by  alkali  hydrates.  7.  Lime 
water  gives  a  precipitate  when  mixed  with  a  concentrated 
solution  of  sodium  salicylate,  8.  With  bismuth  subnitrate 
sodium  salicylate  in  aqueous  solution  is  said  to  give  several 
compounds  of  bismuth  and  salicylic  acid  which  have  a  color 
varying  from  white  to  red  orange.  The  coloration,  according 
to  the  author's  experience,  is  not  noticeable  except  after  the 
lapse  of  considerable  time.  9.  A  solution  of  potassium 
iodide  with  salicylic  acid  becomes  yellow  in  one  day,  and 
after  a  few  days  it  is  brown  and  gives  a  test  for  iodine.  10. 
Concentrated  nitric  acid  with  salicylic  acid  gives  nitrosalicylic 
acid;  fuming  nitric  acid  converts  it  into  picric  acid  (Allen,  III. 
part  I.  52).  II.  Potassium  chlorate  with  hydrochloric  acid 
converts  salicylic  acid  into  tetrachloroquinone  (N.  D.,  89). 
Chlorine  forms  mono-  and  di-chloro-salicylic  acid  (M.  &  M., 
III.  680).  12.  A  solution  of  iodine  is  slowly  decolorized  by 
sodium  salicylate.  Iodine  gives  mono-,  di-,  and  tri-iodo- 
salicylic  acid  and  tri-iodo-phenol  (M.  &  M.,  in.  680).  13. 
Bromine  water  gives  a  precipitate  with  dilute  solutions  of 
salicylates.  14.  Potassium  permanganate  oxidizes  sali- 
cylic acid  to  formic  acid  and  carbon  dioxide.  15.  Sodium 
salicylate  with  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  gives  a  yellow  solution 


30  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

which  changes  to  redbrown  in  a  few  hours.  16.  A  mixture 
varying  from  a  damp  powder  to  a  liquid  results  when  salicylic 
acid  or  sodium  salicylate  is  rubbed  with  exalgin,  lead  acetate, 
sodium  phosphate,  or  urethane.  In  case  of  lead  acetate 
there  is  a  strong  odor  of  acetic  acid,  indicating  that  acetic 
acid  is  liberated.  17.  Salicylic  acid  is  said  to  give  a  soft  mass 
when  it  is  rubbed  with  antipyrin,  but  according  to  the  author's 
experiments  this  is  not  the  case.  18.  Sodium  salicylate  rubbed 
with  antipyrin  gives  a  powder  which  becomes  damp  and 
sticky.  Some  say  that  this  is  due  to  absorption  of  moisture 
from  the  air,  while  others  say  that  chemical  reaction  takes 
place.  19.  Soluble  salicylates  with  solutions  of  quinine 
sulphate  give  a  white  curdy  precipitate  of  quinine  salicylate 
which  is  nearly  insoluble  in  water.  Sodium  salicylate  with  a 
dilute  solution  (i  :  looo)  of  quinine  sulphate  gives  a  crystalline 
precipitate  in  a  few  days.  20.  Mineral  acids  and  some 
organic  acids  liberate  salicylic  acid  from  solutions  of  the  sali- 
cylates. Salicylic  acid,  being  but  slightly  soluble,  is  precipi- 
tated from  a  not  too  dilute  aqueous  solution.  21.  A  concen- 
trated aqueous  solution  of  sodium  salicylate  (i  :  i)  is  said  to  be 
a  good  solvent  for  volatile  oils,  resinous  substances,  carbolic 
acid,  guaiacol,  creosote,  thymol,  menthol,  and  other  bodies. 
22.  Salicylic  acid  is  rendered  more  soluble  in  water  by  the 
presence  of  borax.  The  compound  Ci^H,„NaBO,  is  said  to  be 
formed  and  deposited  from  strong  solutions  in  the  form  of 
crystals,  and  also  that  the  liquid  soon  undergoes  decomposi- 
tion, acquiring  a  bitter  taste  (N.  D.,  88).  23.  Salicylic  acid  is 
rendered  more  soluble  in  water  by  the  presence  of  several 
neutral  salts,  such  as  the  citrates,  acetates,  and  phosphates 
of  the  alkalies,  by  potassium  nitrate,  and  by  sodium  sulphite 
(Allen,  III.  part  I.  51).      [See  AciDA.] 

Aciduin  Stearicum. —  i.  Stearic  acid  combines  with 
the  alkali  hydrates  and  carbonates  to  form  stearates.  2. 
Nitric  acid  oxidizes  it  to  succinic  and  other  acids  (M.  &  M., 
IV.  512).  3.  Bromine  water  forms  mono-  and  di-bromo- 
stearic  acid  (M.  &  M.,  IV.  513). 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


31 


AcicUim  Sulphuric  villi. —  i.  Sulphuric  acid  transposes 
the  salts  of  nearly  all  other  acids.  2.  Sulphuric  acid  and  the 
soluble  sulphates  precipitate  as  sulphates  solutions  of  salts  of 
lead,  barium,  calcium  (in  concentrated  solution),  and  stron- 
tium. 3.  Sulphuric  acid  dissolves  many  metals  with  the 
evolution  of  hydrogen  or  sulphur  dioxide,  depending  on  the 
concentration  of  the  acid.  4.  With  hypophosphorous  acid 
it  forms  sulphurous  acid  and  then  sulphur.  5.  Hydriodic  acid 
with  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  forms  iodine  and  sulphurous 
acid.  6.  Concentrated  sulphuric  acid  causes  detonation  with 
chlorates,  with  the  evolution  of  the  greenish-yellow  chlorine 
peroxide.  7.  With  alcohol  sulphuric  acid  forms  ethylsul- 
phuric  acid  and  then  ether.  8.  Water  precipitates  the  aro- 
matics  from  the  aromatic  sulphuric  acid.  9.  The  concen- 
trated acid  with  most  organic  matter  forms  a  black  mass,  due 
to  the  extraction  of  the  elements  of  water,  leaving  carbon. 
Some  organic  acids,  many  alkaloids,  and  some  other  com- 
pounds are  not  thus  affected.  10.  Dilute  sulphuric  acid 
does  not  cause  as  many  decompositions  as  the  concentrated. 
II.  The  sulphates  of  lead,  barium,  strontium,  and  calcium 
are  nearly  insoluble  in  water;  silver  and  mercurous  sulphates 
are  sparingly  soluble ;  mercuric,  antimony,  and  bismuth  are 
soluble  in  acidulated  water;  the  others  are  soluble  in  water. 
Sulphates  are  generally  insoluble  in  alcohol.      [See  Acida.] 

Aciclum  SuliJhurosuiii. —  i.  Sulphurous  acid  on  ex- 
posure to  air  is  slowly  oxidized  to  sulphuric  acid.  2.  Sul- 
phurous acid  does  not  usually  precipitate  solutions  of  metallic 
salts.  The  soluble  sulphites — potassium,  sodium,  and  am- 
monium— precipitate  neutral  solutions  of  salts  of  nearly  all 
other  metals.  Sometimes  sulphurous  acid  contains  sulphuric 
acid  which  may  cause  reaction  in  certain  cases.  3.  Sulphites 
and  sulphurous  acid  give  a  red  color  with  a  dilute  solution  of 
ferric  chloride.  The  color  is  soon  destroyed,  due  to  the 
change  of  the  ferric  sulphite  to  ferrous  sulphate.  4.  Nitric 
or  nitrous  acid  oxidizes  sulphites  to  sulphates.  5.  Hypo- 
phosphites  in   acid  solution  with  sulphites  form   phosphoric 


^2  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  ! 

acid  and  sulphur.  6.  Sulphites  with  chlorine,  or  chlorates 
in  acid  solution,  produce  sulphuric  and  hydrochloric  acids. 
7.  Silver  salts  in  solution  are  first  precipitated  by  sulphites 
and  then  reduced  to  metallic  silver  when  warmed.  8. 
Arenic  compounds  are  reduced  to  arsenous.  9.  Perman- 
ganates in  acid  solution  are  reduced  by  sulphites  to  man- 
ganous  compounds.  10,  Chromates  in  acid  solution  are 
reduced  to  chromic  salts.  ii.  Mercuric  and  mercurous 
nitrates  are  reduced  to  metallic  mercury.  Mercuric  chlo- 
ride is  slowly  reduced  to  calomel  and  on  heating  to  metallic 
mercury ;  the  sulphurous  acid  acts  more  quickly  than  the 
sulphites.  12.  Sulphurous  acid  has  a  bleaching  effect  on 
organic  coloring  matters.  13.  Sulphites  are  decomposed 
by  nearly  all  acids,  except  carbonic,  boracic,  hydrocyanic, 
and  in  some  instances  hydrosulphuric.  14.  The  sulphites  of 
the  alkali  metals  are  soluble  in  water;  the  others  are  insol- 
uble or  sparingly  so.  The  sulphites  are  insoluble  in  alcohol. 
[See  AciDA.] 

Aciduni  Tannicviiii. —  i.  An  aqueous  solution  of  tan- 
nic acid  changes,  forming  gallic  acid  and  probably  some 
elagic  and  carbonic  acids.  The  change  is  retarded  or  pre- 
vented by  the  presence  of  glycerin  or  alcohol  (Caspari,  616). 
The  solution  gets  darker  on  standing  and  this  is  hastened  by 
alkalies,  2.  Tannic  acid  in  dilute  solutions  combines  with 
the  alkali  hydrates  and  carbonates  to  form  soluble  tannates 
and  these  solutions  soon  become  colored,  varying  from  red 
to  brown,  green,  or  black.  3.  Potassium  hydrate  or  car- 
bonate with  a  concentrated  solution  of  tannic  acid  gives  a 
compound  which  is  but  slightly  soluble  in  water,  but  dissolves 
in  a  certain  excess  of  alkali  (U.  S.  D.,  lOi).  When  potas- 
sium hydrate  is  added  in  excess  to  a  solution  of  tannic  acid 
tannoxylic  acid  or  rubitannic  acid  is  formed  ;  if  the  mixture 
is  boiled  tannomelanic  acid  is  formed  (A.  D.,  95).  4.  Am- 
monia in  its  reactions  resembles  potassium  hydrate  (U.S.D., 
loi)  but  the  precipitate  is  not  nearly  so  great  unless  ammo- 
nium chloride  has  been  previously  added   to  the  ammonia. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  t^^ 

5.  Sodium  hydrate  gives  little  or  no  precipitate.  6.  A 
small  amount  of  lime  water  added  to  a  solution  of  tannic 
acid  gives  a  precipitate  which  redissolves ;  adding  more  Hme 
water  the  precipitate  is  white  and  permanent,  changing  to 
hght  blue  and  then  dark  blue  as  more  lime  water  is  added ;  a 
very  large  excess  of  lime  water  gives  a  precipitate  which  is 
pinkish.  7.  Tannic  acid  precipitates  as  tannates  solutions  of 
salts  of  many  of  the  metals,  especially  lead,  silver,  mercury, 
bismuth,  and  antimony.  8.  The  alkali  tannates  give  pre- 
cipitates with  solutions  of  salts  of  nearly  all  other  metals. 
9.  With  solutions  of  ferric  salts  tannic  acid  gives  a  solution 
or  precipitate  (depending  on  the  concentration)  of  a  dark 
blue-black  to  green-black  color.  The  addition  of  enough  of 
phosphoric  acid  to  convert  the  iron  into  ferric  phosphate 
prevents  or  destroys  the  color.  Theoretically  forty- five 
minims  of  10  per  cent,  phosphoric  acid  is  sufificient  to  convert 
one  dram  of  the  official  tincture  of  ferric  chloride  into  the 
phosphate.  Practically  it  requires  from  one  and  a  half  to  two 
times  as  much  dilute  acid  as  tincture,  depending  to  some 
extent  upon  the  amount  of  tannic  acid,  to  prevent  the  forma- 
tion of  the  dark  tannate  of  iron.  10.  With  purely  ferrous 
salts  in  concentrated  solution  (not  in  dilute  solution)  it  gives  a 
white  gelatinous  precipitate,  which  quickly  becomes  blue  on 
exposure  to  air.  Nearly  all  commercial  samples  of  ferrous 
sulphate  contain  some  ferric  salt.  11.  A  strong  solution  of 
tannic  acid  gives  precipitates  with  concentrated  sulphuric, 
hydrochloric,  or  phosphoric  acids.  These  precipitates  are 
supposed  to  be  compounds  of  tannic  acid  with  the  respective 
acids,  and  are  soluble  in  pure  water  but  not  in  acidulated 
water  (U.  S.  D.,  loi).  12.  Saturated  solutions  of  sodium 
chloride,  calcium  chloride,  potassium  acetate,  and  some 
other  salts  precipitate  tannic  acid  from  strong  solutions. 
Precipitated  by  mineral  salts  or  acids,  tannic  acid  loses  its 
astringency  (Br.  P.,  21).  13.  Potassium  bichromate  gives 
precipitates  with  most  tannins  (M.  &  M.,  IV.  634).  14. 
Potassium  cyanide  gives  a  green  coloration  with  a  solution 


34  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

of  tannic  acid  (M.  &  M.,  iv.  634).  15.  With  tannic  acid 
and  water  iodine  forms  hydriodic  acid,  which  combines  with 
part  of  the  tannic  acid  and  remains  in  solution;  the  oxygen 
of  the  decomposed  water  combines  with  tannic  acid  and 
forms  an  insoluble  compound ;  the  solution  is  capable  of  dis- 
solving iodine;  the  iodine  in  a  liquid  containing  an  excess  of 
tannic  acid  does  not  give  a  blue  color  with  starch  (U.  S.  D., 
loi).  16.  Nitric  acid,  chromic  acid,  chlorine,  or  bromine 
oxidizes  tannic  acid  to  formic  and  oxalic  acids  (A.  D.,  95). 
17.  Tannic  acid  reduces  potassium  permanganate.  18. 
Tannic  acid  with  Fowler's  solution  or  a  solution  of  sodium 
arsenate  gives  a  nearly  white  precipitate  which  with  the 
liquid  turns  to  a  dark  dirty  green  within  a  day.  19.  Hydro- 
gen dioxide  water  with  tannic  acid  shows  no  change  at  first 
but  after  a  few  days  a  light  brown  precipitate  falls.  20. 
Tannic  acid  reduces  salts  of  gold,  silver,  mercury,  and 
copper  (Allen,  lii.  part  i.  89).  21,  Triturated  with  potas- 
sium chlorate  or  other  substances  which  yield  their  oxygen 
readily,  tannic  acid  is  liable  to  cause  an  explosion.  22. 
With  spirit  of  nitrous  ether,  amyl  nitrite,  or  nitrous  acid 
tannic  acid  causes  a  decomposition  and  the  formation  of 
gaseous  compounds  some  of  which  are  oxides  of  nitrogen. 
The  solution  becomes  deep  red.  23.  Tannic  acid  gives  pre- 
cipitates with  solutions  of  albumin,  gelatin,  glutin,  or  starch. 
24.  It  precipitates  as  tannates  nearly  all  alkaloids  from 
aqueous  or  dilute  alcoholic  solutions  of  their  salts ;  the  pre- 
cipitate is  generally  soluble  in  mixtures  containing  over 
fifteen  to  forty  per  cent,  alcohol.  The  presence  of  some 
organic  acids,  acacia,  or  starch  also  tends  to  prevent  the  pre- 
cipitation. 25.  Tannic  acid  preeipitates  some  glucosides, 
neutral  and  bitter  principles.  26.  It  precipitates  aqueous 
solutions  of  antipyrin.  27.  Tannic  acid  slowly  decomposes 
iodoform  (U.  S.  D.,  741).  28.  All  drugs  containing  tannic 
acid  in  large  proportions  will  have  the  incompatibilities  given 
above.      Some  of  the  drugs  which  contain  notable  quantities 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


35 


of   tannic   acid   are   catechu,   kino,  krameria,  logwood,   gera- 
nium, blackberry-root  bark  and  oak  bark.      [See  AciDA.] 

Acidiim  Tartaricuin. —  i.  When  tartaric  acid  is  added 
in  excess  to  a  rather  strong  solution  of  potassium  hydrate  or 
many  of  its  salts,  a  crystalline  precipitate  of  potassium  bitartrate 
forms.  2.  When  tartaric  acid  is  associated  with  boric  acid  it  is 
not  precipitated  by  potassium  hydrate,  even  on  adding  acetic 
or  hydrochloric  acid  (U.  S.  D.,  104).  Boric  acid  seems  to  act 
the  part  of  a  base  with  tartaric  acid  (Watts,  I.  648).  3.  Tar- 
taric acid  in  excess  with  a  strong  solution  of  ammonia  gives 
a  precipitate  of  ammonium  bitartrate.  4.  Potassium  tartrate 
or  Rochelle  salt  gives  a  precipitate  of  potassium  bitartrate  on 
adding  many  acids,  the  precipitate  dissolving  in  a  large  excess 
of  a  mineral  acid.  5.  The  soluble  tartrates  precipitate  as  tar- 
trates neutral  solutions  of  salts  of  most  metals.  The  precipi- 
tate is  generally  soluble  in  tartaric  acid  or  mineral  acids. 
Many  of  the  tartrates  form  soluble  compounds  with  the  alkali 
hydrates,  due  to  the  formation  of  double  tartrates.  6.  Tar- 
taric acid  decomposes  potassium  iodide,  forming  a  tartrate 
and  hydriodic  acid  which  is  slowly  decomposed,  liberating 
iodine.  7.  Under  certain  conditions  tartrates  reduce  salts  of 
gold,  silver,  and  platinum  ;  mercuric  chloride  becomes  mer- 
curous  chloride.  8.  Potassium  permanganate  with  an 
alkaline  solution  of  a  tartrate  is  reduced  to  manganese  diox- 
ide, while  the  tartaric  acid  is  converted  into  formic  acid,  car- 
bon dioxide,  and  water.  9.  Chromates  oxidize  tartaric  acid 
to  formic  acid,  carbon  dioxide,  and  water  (M.  &  M.,  IV.  642). 
10.  Tartaric  acid  and  tartrates  tend  to  prevent  the  precipita- 
tion by  alkali  hydrates  of  the  oxides  and  hydrates  of  the 
metals  aluminum,  antimony,  bismuth,  nickel,  calcium,  cobalt, 
chromium,  copper,  iron,  lead,  and  zinc.  11.  Tartrates  in 
aqueous  solutions  have  more  or  less  solvent  effect  on  certain 
salts  which  ordinarily  are  insoluble,  as  calcium  phosphate  and 
barium  sulphate.  12.  Tartrates  are  transposed  by  mineral 
acids.  13.  Tartrates  of  the  alkali  bases  are  soluble  in  water. 
The    bitartrates    of  potassium    and    ammonium    are  sparingly 


^6  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

soluble.  The  manganous  and  ferric  tartrates  are  soluble; 
calcium  tartrate,  sparingly  soluble.  The  other  tartrates  are 
nearly  insoluble.  Tartrates  are  generally  insoluble  in  alcohol. 
[See  AciDA,] 

Aconitina. —  i.  Aqueous  solutions  of  salts  of  aconitine 
are  precipitated  by  alkali  hydrates,  the  carbonates  of  the 
fixed  alkalies,  and  by  the  general  alkaloidal  reagents.  2. 
Aconitine  is  decomposed  by  long  standing  or  by  heating  with 
acids,  alkalies,  or  water,  forming  benzoic  acid  and  aconine. 

3.  Nitric  acid  gives  a  red-brown  solution.  4.  Ammonia, 
amyl  nitrite,  atropine,  caffeine,  ether,  and  morphine  antag- 
onize its  effect  on  the  heart  and  respiration  ;  digitalis  coun- 
teracts its  heart  action  (Potter,  97).  Strychnine  and  scopa- 
rine  are  also  antagonists.      [See  under  Alkaloids.] 

Adeps. —  I.  Lard  oxidizes  on  exposure  to  air  and  light, 
becoming  acid  and  rancid,  and  in  this  condition  liberates 
iodine  from  potassium  iodide.  2.  Lard  is  decomposed  by 
alkali  hydrates  or  carbonates,  forming  glycerin,  and  oleates, 
stearates,  and  palmitates  of  the  alkalies.  [See  Acidum 
Oleicum  and  Acidum  Stearicum.] 

.^tlier. — I.  In  partly  filled  bottles,  particularly  in  the 
presence  of  water,  ether  becomes  acid,  due  to  the  formation 
of  acetic  acid.  2.  After  a  few  days  ether  with  bromine 
forms  ethyl  bromide,  bromal,  and  other  products.  3.  Hot 
nitric  acid  forms  carbon  dioxide,  acetic  and  oxalic  acids.  4. 
Chromic  acid  oxidizes  it  to  acetic  acid  (M.  &  M.,  11.  465). 

^tlier  Aceticiis. — i.  Ethyl  acetate  in  the  presence  of 
moisture  decomposes  into  alcohol  and  acetic  acid.  2.  With 
alkaline  hydroxides  it  yields  alcohol  and  an  acetate  of  the 
alkali.      3.    It    forms   chlorinated   compounds    with    chlorine. 

4.  With  lime  water  and  chlorinated  lime  it  yields  chloro- 
form. 

^thyl  Broiniclum. —  i.  Ethyl  bromide  is  decomposed 
by  light  and  air,  forming  alcohol,  hydrobromic  acid,  and  some 
free  bromine  (N.  D.,  141).  2.  With  alkali  hydrates  it  gives 
ether    and    potassium    bromide  (M.    &   M.,   480).      3,    Ethyl 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  -^y 

bromide  with   ammonia  gives  hydrobromate  of   ethylamine 
{Watts,  II.  528). 

^tliyleiii  Bichloridum. — i.  Dichlorethanewith  water 
in  the  sunlight  yields  hydrochloric  acid  and  acetic  acid.  2. 
Ammonia  water  forms  various  ethylene  amines  (M.  &  M., 
II.  488). 

^tliyl  lodicluni. —  i.  Ethyl  iodide  or  hydriodic  ether 
on  being  exposed  to  air  and  light  is  decomposed  with  libera- 
tion of  iodine  fU.  S.  D.,  1625).  2.  Iodine  is  liberated  by 
chlorine,  nitric  acid,  and  sulphuric  acid.  3.  Silver  nitrate 
gives  a  precipitate  of  silver  iodide  (M.  &  M.,  11.  499). 

Airol. —  I .  This  oxyiodide  of  bismuth  subgallate  is  slowly 
decomposed  by  water,  particularly  in  the  presence  of  heat, 
liberating  iodine  (Coblentz,  4). 

Albumin. —  i.  The  coagubility  of  the  different  albumins 
varies.  2.  Aqueous  solutions  of  &^^  albumin  are  precipi- 
tated by  heat  and  by  many  mineral  acids,  as  hydrochloric, 
nitric,  and  meta-phosphoric  (not  by  ortho-  or  pyro-  phosphoric 
acid);  3.  by  salts  of  many  heavy  metals,  as  mercuric  chlo- 
ride (prevented  to  a  considerable  extent  by  the  presence  of 
ammonium  or  sodium  chloride  or  hydrochloric  acid),  alum, 
copper  sulphate,  gold  chloride,  and  ferric  chloride ;  4.  by 
some  neutral  salts,  as  ammonium  sulphate;  5.  by  hydro- 
gen dioxide  water ;  6.  by  some  organic  acids,  as  tannic 
acid  and  substances  containing  it  (not  by  gallic  acid),  lactic 
acid,  picric  acid,  carbolic  acid  (not  creosote),  and  trichlor- 
acetic acid ;  7.  by  some  organic  compounds,  as  alcohol 
(the  precipitate  is  redissolved  by  dilution  with  water  if  the 
albumin  has  not  been  in  contact  with  the  alcohol  too  long), 
ether,  collodion,  resorcin,  camphor,  thymol,  volatile  oils, 
and  coniine  (not  nicotine). 

Alcohol. —  I.  Alcohol  precipitates  albumin,  acacia,  and 
many  inorganic  salts  from  their  aqueous  solutions;  to  pre- 
cipitate the  acacia  the  resulting  mixture  must  contain  about  fifty 
or  sixty  per  cent,  alcohol  before  a  permanent  precipitate  re- 
sults.    2.  Strong  nitric  acid  (not  dilute)  acts  violently  on  alco- 


38  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

hoi,  forming  nitric  oxide,  nitrous  ether,  carbon  dioxide,  alde- 
hyde, acetic  and  formic  acids  (M.  &  M.,  i.  97).  3. 
Chromic  acid  or  a  chromate  in  an  acid  solution  oxidizes 
alcohol  to  aldehyde  and  acetic  acid.  4.  Potassium  per- 
manganate in  acid  (not  in  alkaline)  solution  oxidizes  it  to 
aldehyde  and  acetic  acid.  5.  Chlorine  is  rapidly  absorbed 
by  alcohol  and  in  sunlight  may  ignite  the  alcohol.  The 
ultimate  product  is  chloral  alcoholate,  there  being  a  number 
of  intermediate  products,  such  as  hydrochloric  acid,  aldehyde, 
ethyl  chloride,  acetic  acid,  chloral,  etc.  (M.  &  M.,  I.  97). 
6.  Bromine  forms  hydrobromic  acid,  water,  ethyl  bromide, 
bromal,  and  bromal  alcoholate  (M.  &  M.,  i.  97).  7.  Mer- 
curic chloride  is  slowly  reduced  to  calomel  by  alcohol  (M.  & 
M.,  I.  98).  8.  Nitric  acid  with  the  nitrate  of  mercury  or 
silver  and  strong  alcohol  forms  the  explosive  fulminate  of 
mercury  or  silver  (M.  &  M.,  I.  97).  9.  Concentrated  mineral 
acids  convert  alcohol  into  esters  and  ethers.  10.  Alcohol 
combines  with  many  metallic  salts,  acting  like  water  of 
crystallization  (M.  &  M.,  I.  98).  11.  With  chloral  hydrate 
alcohol  forms  chloral  alcoholate  which  is  not  very  soluble  in 
elixir  and  less  so  in  the  presence  of  potassium  bromide. 
12.  Alcohol  sometimes  contains  traces  of  aldehyde  or  other 
impurities  which  are  darkened  by  alkali  hydrates.  13.  The 
official  alcoholic  preparations,  except  those  mentioned  in  the 
following  classes,  give  precipitates  when  mixed  with  water, 
the  precipitate  sometimes  being  the  active  principle  and 
sometimes  inert  matter:  tinctures,  except  acetate  of  iron, 
chloride  of  iron,  an  old  tincture  of  iodine,  and  deodorized 
tincture  of  opium ;  fluid  extracts,  except  chestnut ;  spirits, 
except  nitrous  ether,  ammonia,  whiskey  and  brandy ;  wines, 
except  white,  red,  and  antimonial.  14.  Water  generally 
causes  a  precipitation,  when  mixed  with  alcoholic  solutions  of 
the  following  substances:  free  alkaloids,  alkaloids  combined 
with  any  of  the  general  alkaloidal  reagents,  glucosides,  neu- 
tral and  bitter  principles,  salicylic,  gallic,  or  benzoic  acid, 
volatile   oils,    resins,    camphors,    oleoresins,  or  balsams.       15. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


39 


Among  the  many  substances  which  alcohol  generally  dis- 
solves may  be  mentioned  acetates  (except  mercurous  and 
silver),  benzoates,  bromides,  chlorides  (except  potassium, 
sodium,  ammonium,  lead,  silver,  and  mercurous),  iodides 
(except  lead,  silver,  and  mercurous),  nitrates  (except  potas- 
sium, lead,  and  bismuth),  salicylates  (except  mercury  and 
bismuth),  deliquescent  salts  (except  potassium  carbonate), 
acids,  alkali  hydrates,  alkali  hypophosphites,  phosphorus, 
sulphur,  iodine,  organic  and  inorganic  acids  (except  arsenous), 
hydrocarbons  and  carbon  derivatives,  volatile  oils,  phenols, 
camphors,  resins  [see  under  Resinae],  oleoresins,  balsams, 
alkaloids  and  their  salts,  glucosides,  and  neutral  principles. 

Alkalies. — The  following  preparations  contain  an  alkali 
hydrate  or  carbonate :  ammonia  water,  stronger  ammonia 
water,  bismuth  and  ammonium  citrate,  fluid  extracts  of  gly- 
cyrrhiza  and  senega,  saccharated  carbonate  of  iron,  ammonia 
liniment,  lime  liniment,  lime  water,  solution  of  potassium 
hydrate,  solution  of  sodium  hydrate,  solution  of  potassium 
arsenite,  mass  of  carbonate  of  iron,  compound  iron  mixture, 
chalk  mixture;  mixture  of  rhubarb  and  soda,  pills  of  carbon- 
ate of  iron,  spirit  of  ammonia,  aromatic  spirit  of  ammonia, 
syrup  of  lime,  ammoniated  tincture  of  guaiac,  ammoniated 
tincture  of  valerian,  and  syrup  of  rhubarb.  [See  HYDRATES, 
Fixed  Alkali  and  Hydrate,  Volatile  Alkali.] 

Alkaloids. —  i.  Alkaloids  combine  with  mineral  acids 
and  acetic  and  citric  acids  to  form  salts  which  are  generally 
soluble  in  water  or  alcohol,  but  insoluble  in  ether,  chloroform, 
benzol,  petroleum  ether,  carbon  bisulphide,  or  oils.  In  com- 
bination with  most  other  organic  acids  the  alkaloids  form 
salts  that  are  not  generally  soluble  in  water.  2.  Alkaloids 
combined  with  acids  and  dissolved  in  water  or  very  dilute 
alcohol  are  generally  precipitated  as  free  alkaloids  by  solu- 
tions of  alkali  hydrates  or  carbonates  and  by  borax.  Solu- 
tions of  potassium  arsenite,  sodium  phosphate  and  sodium 
arsenate  are  slightly  alkaline  and  may  precipitate  the  free 
alkaloid.      M.   Christiaens  says :   All  salts  whose  reaction  to 


40 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


litmus  is  alkaline,  whatever  be  their  chemical  function,  pre- 
cipitate the  alkaloids  from  their  salts  (D.  C,  XXXVIII.  59). 
Ammonium  carbonate  and  the  bicarbonates  of  potassium 
and  sodium  frequently  do  not  cause  precipitation.  3.  The 
alkaloidal  salts  are  generally  precipitated  from  aqueous  solution, 
combined  with  the  precipitant,  by  soluble  salicylates,  benzo- 
ates,  bichromates,  iodides,  bromides,  and  by  the  following 
general  alkaloidal  reagents:  tannic  acid,  picric  acid,  iodine  in 
solution  of  potassium  iodide,  bromine  in  solution  of  potassium 
bromide,  potassium  mercuric  iodide  (Mayer's  reagent), 
potassium  bismuthic  iodide,  mercuric  chloride,  platinic 
chloride,  gold  chloride,  and  phosphomolybdic  acid.  The 
presence  of  from  twenty  to  fifty  per  cent,  of  alcohol  will 
nearly  always  prevent  the  precipitation.  4.  In  the  presence 
of  acacia  some  alkaloids  are  not  precipitated  from  dilute 
aqueous  solutions  of  their  salts  by  tannic  acid,  potassium 
mercuric  iodide,  or  sodium  phosphomolybdate  (Allen,  I.  353). 
Starch  dissolved  by  boiling  in  water  has  a  similar  effect  with 
the  potassium  mercuric  iodide.  5.  Some  alkaloidal  salts  are 
thrown  out  of  solution  by  the  presence  of  considerable  quanti- 
ties of  very  soluble  salts,  e.g.,  strychnine  hydroiodide  by 
potassium  iodide.  6.  Some  alkaloids  are  strong  reducing 
agents ;  most  alkaloids  are  decomposed  by  oxidizing  agents. 
7.  The  free  alkaloids  are  generally  only  sparingly  soluble  in 
water,  except  atropine,  caffeine,  codeine,  nicotine,  and 
coniine,  but  are  generally  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  or  chloro- 
form. A  few  are  soluble  in  excess  of  solutions  of  fixed  alkali 
hydrates,  e.g.,  morphine;  a  few  are  soluble  in  excess  oi 
ammonia  water,  e.g.,  quinine.  8.  A  strong  solution  of  chloral 
hydrate  dissolves  morphine,  quinine,  and  many  other  alka- 
loids (U.  S.  D.,  367).  The  solubility  of  the  salts  of  the  alka- 
loids is  also  increased.  Dilution  with  water  may  cause  a  pre- 
cipitation of  the  alkaloid. 

Aloiiiuni. — I.  Concentrated  solutions  of  aloin  are  slowly 
precipitated  by  a  solution  of  lead  subacetate  (not  the  neutral 
lead  acetate),  more  quickly  if  the  mixture  is  heated.      The 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS'.  41 

liquid  is  turned  brown.  2.  An  aqueous  solution  of  aloin  with 
ferric  chloride  gives  a  green-black  to  a  brown-black  color. 
3.  With  solutions  of  alkali  hydrates  aloin  gives  an  orange  ta 
a  red  color,  and  is  readily  decomposed.  4.  Concentrated 
nitric  acid  gives  a  red  color  with  barbaloin  or  nataloin  (not 
with  socaloin),  and  by  further  action  chrysammic,  picric,  and 
oxalic  acids  are  formed.  5,  Spirit  of  nitrous  ether  gives  a 
red  solution  with  aloin,  even  in  the  presence  of  a  large  amount 
of  water. 

Aliiinen, —  i.  Alum  in  solution  is  precipitated  as  alumi- 
num hydroxide  by  the  alkali  hydrates  and  their  carbonates^ 
borax,  and  lime  water.  Citrates,  tartrates,  glycerin,  sugar, 
and  acacia  tend  to  prevent  precipitation.  2.  The  alkali 
phosphates  give  the  insoluble  aluminum  phosphate.  Citrates 
and  tartrates  tend  to  prevent  precipitation.  3.  With  tartaric 
acid  it  gives  a  precipitate  of  potassium  bitartrate.  4.  Tannic 
acid  causes  a  slight  precipitation.  5.  Alum  is  slightly  acid 
to  litmus.  6.  Adding  a  soluble  carbonate  to  a  solution  of 
alum  produces  an  efTervescence,  due  to  the  liberation  of  car- 
bon dioxide.  7.  Alum  has  the  incompatibilities  of  the  sol- 
uble sulphates.      [See  AciDUM  Sulphuricum.] 

Alumini  hydras. — Aluminum  hydrate,  especially  when 
freshly  precipitated,  removes  suspended  solid  matter  and 
coloring  matter  in  solution  from  liquids. 

Aluinnol. —  i.  A  solution  of  alumnol  gives  a  precipitate 
of  aluminum  hydrate  when  treated  with  alkalies,  the  precipi- 
tate being  soluble  in  excess  of  a  fixed  alkali  (M.  M.  R.,  iv. 
266).  3.  It  is  precipitated  by  a  solution  of  albumin  or 
gelatin,  the  precipitate  being  soluble  in  excess  of  these  sub- 
stances (M.  M.  R.,  IV.  266).  3.  Silver  nitrate  is  decomposed 
by  it  with  the  separation  of  metalHc  silver  (M.  M.  R.,  iv.  266). 

Animonii  Benzoas.  [See  Acidum  Benzoicum  and 
Ammonium.] 

Ammoiiii  Bromidum.  [See  Acidum  Hydrobromi- 
cuM  and  Ammonium.] 

Ainiiioiiii    Carbonas. — i.   Ammonium  carbonate  with 


42  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

calomel  gives  a  black  compound,  dimercurous  ammonium 
chloride,  having  the  formula  NH^Hg^Cl.  2.  With  a  solution  of 
mercuric  chloride  it  gives  a  white  precipitate  of  ammoniated 
mercury,  NH,HgCl.  3.  It  gives  no  precipitate  with  mag- 
nesiun  salts,  except  in  concentrated  solutions.  4.  The  pre. 
cipitate  with  copper  or  silver  salts  is  dissolved  by  an  excess 
of  the  carbonate.  5.  Ammonium  carbonate  does  not  precip- 
itate as  many  of  the  alkaloids  from  solutions  of  their  salts, 
as  do  the  carbonates  of  potassium  and  sodium.  Some  of  the 
alkaloids  not  precipitated  are  atropine,  hyoscyamine  (except 
in  strong  solution),  nicotine,  coniine,  codeine,  and  caffeine. 
6.  Ammonium  carbonate  with  resorcin  in  solution  gives  a 
red-brown  solution  at  first  which  changes  to  deep  blue  in  a  day 
or  two.  7.  Excepting  the  reactions  noted  above,  ammonium 
carbonate  acts  similarly  to  potassium  or  sodium  carbonate. 
[See  Carbonates  and  Ammonium.] 

Aniinonii  Cliloridvini. —  i.  An  aqueous  solution  is 
decomposed  by  chlorine,  forming  hydrochloric  acid  and  the 
explosive  nitrogen  chloride  (M.  &  M.,  I.  202).  2.  Ammo- 
nium chloride  aids  the  solution  of  several  salts  that  are  more 
or  less  insoluble  ordinarily.  [See  AciDUM  Hydrochlori- 
•CUM   and  Ammonium.] 

Amnionii  lodicluin.  —  i.  Ammonium  iodide  very 
frequently  contains  free  iodine,  and  it  would  then  have  the 
incompatibilities  of  iodine.  [See  lODUM,  AciDUM  Hydri- 
odicum,  and  Ammonium.] 

Amnionii  Nitras.  [See  Acidum  Nitricum  and  Am- 
monium.] 

Animonii  Pliosplias.  [See  Acidum  Phosphoricum 
and  Ammonium.] 

Animonii  Valerianas. — Ammonium  valerianate,  in 
concentrated  aqueous  solution  with  sulphuric  acid,  gives  an 
•oily  layer  of  valerianic  acid.      [See  AMMONIUM.] 

Ammoiiiiim. — i.  Ammonium  compounds,  with  solutions 
of  the  fixed  alkali  hydrates  or  carbonates,  or  with  the 
hydrates  of  barium,  calcium,  or  strontium,  give  free  am- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  43 

TOonia.  2.  Some  ammonium  salts  with  chlorine  gas  give  ex- 
plosive nitrogen  chloride.  3.  Certain  ammonium  salts,  such 
as  the  acetate,  citrate,  and  chloride,  in  aqueous  solution  may 
act  as  solvents  for  otherwise  insoluble  compounds.  [For 
ammonia  water  see  Hydrate,  Volatile  Alkali.] 

Aiiiyl  Nitrite. — i.  Amyl  nitrite  is  decomposed  slowly 
by  light  and  air,  becoming  acid  (Allen,  I.  159).  2.  With 
alcohol  or  alcoholic  preparations,  it  gradually  forms  ethyl 
nitrite  and  amyl  alcohol  (U.  S.  P.,  40).  3.  With  potassium 
hydrate  it  forms  potassium  nitrite  and  amyl  alcohol  (Allen, 
I.  159).  4.  Belladonna,  brucine,  chloroform,  digitalis,  mor- 
phine, picrotoxin,  and  strychnine  are  somewhat  antagonistic 
physiologically  to  amyl  nitrite.      [See  AciDUM  NiTROSUM.] 

Ainylimi. —  i.  Starch  in  aqueous  solution  is  precipitated 
by  strong  alcohol,  tannic  acid,  or  lead  subacetate.  2. 
Iodine  with  starch  forms  the  blue-black  iodide  of  starch.  3. 
With  solutions  containing  over  five  per  cent,  of  an  alkali 
hydrate  starch  forms  a  soluble  compound.  4.  Acids  grad- 
ually change  it  to  dextrin.  Diastase  has  a  similar  effect. 
5.  In  solution  starch  to  some  extent  prevents  the  precipita- 
tion of  alkaloids  by  potassium  mercuric  iodide  and  tannic 
acid. 

Antiinonii  et  Potassii  Tartras. —  i.  Tartar  emetic  in 
aqueous  solution  is  precipitated  by  hydrochloric,  nitric,  or 
sulphuric  acid,  forming  a  basic  chloride,  nitrate,  or  sulphate 
of  antimony,  together  with  some  potassium  bitartrate.  Tar- 
taric acid  prevents  this  precipitation  to  some  extent.  2.  The 
alkali  hydrates  or  their  carbonates,  with  solutions  not  too 
dilute,  give  a  white  precipitate  of  antimony  oxide.  Citrates, 
tartrates,   glycerin,   sugar,    and  acacia  prevent   precipitation. 

3.  Lime  water  throws  down  a  precipitate  consisting  of  the 
mixed  tartrates   of  calcium   and    antimony  (U.  S.  D.,  177). 

4.  The  salts  of  most  metals,  being  precipitated  by  normal 
tartrates,  are  incompatible  with  tartar  emetic.  5.  Strong 
alcohol  throws  tartar  emetic  out  of  aqueous  solution.  6. 
Tannic  acid  gives  a  precipitate  of  tannate  of  antimony.     7. 


44  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

Gallic  acid  precipitates  concentrated  solutions  of  tartar  emetic 
8.  In  aqueous  solution  mercuric  chloride  is  reduced  to  calo- 
mel which  is  precipitated.  9.  Solutions  of  lead  acetate, 
silver  nitrate,  albumin,  and  soap  give  precipitates  with  tar- 
tar emetic.  10.  Opium,  alcohol,  and  ether  are  physiological 
antagonists. 

Antiiuoiiii  Sulphiduin. — i.  Triturated  with  a  strong 
oxidizing  agent,  as  potassium  chlorate,  sulphide  of  antimony- 
may  cause  an  explosion.  2.  By  exposure  to  air  it  is  partially 
converted  into  an  oxide  (U.  S.  D.,  182). 

Antipyriiiuiii. — i.  Antipyrin  is  neutral  to  litmus,  but 
forms  salts  with  acids  by  direct  addition  (N.  D.,  227).  2. 
An  aqueous  solution  with  a  strong  solution  of  sodium 
hydrate  gives  a  white  precipitate.  3.  With  a  solution  or 
tincture  of  ferric  chloride  antipyrin  gives  a  red  color,  and 
according  to  some  writers  the  mixture  should  not  be  dis- 
pensed. The  red  color  is  destroyed  or  prevented  by  an  excess 
of  mineral  acids  or  acetic  acid.  4.  With  commercial  ferrous 
sulphate  it  gives  a  red  color,  due  to  the  ferric  salt  which  is 
present.  With  strictly  ferrous  salt  the  solution  is  colorless. 
5.  A  mixture  of  two  drams  of  antipyrin  with  one  ounce  of 
simple  syrup  and  one  ounce  of  syrup  of  ferrous  iodide  (free 
from  iodine)  soon  gives  a  red  liquid  and  in  a  few  hours  a  red 
precipitate.  The  precipitate  becomes  crystalline  and  forms 
comparatively  large  ruby-red  prismatic  crystals  after  a  few 
days.  6.  Antipyrin  gives  a  green  color  with  a  solution  of 
copper  sulphate.  7.  With  a  strong  solution  of  antipyrin 
lead  subacetate  forms  a  precipitate.  8.  In  the  presence  of 
m.oisture  calomel  is  slowly  turned  dark  by  antipyrin,  but  if 
sodium  bicarbonate  is  mixed  with  it  the  color  is  changed  at 
once.  From  Werner's  experiments  it  would  appear  that 
metallic  mercury,  mercurous  oxide,  mercuric  chloride,  and 
antipyrin  hydrochloride  are  formed,  but  the  mercuric  chloride 
will  combine  with  the  antipyrin  in  all  probability  (Ph.  E., 
XVII.  196).  9.  An  aqueous  solution  of  antipyrin  is  precij)i- 
tated   by  a  solution  of  mercuric  chloride  or  by  Donovan's 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


45 


solution.  lo.  Alum  and  tartar  emetic  are  both  said  to  be 
incompatible  with  antipyrin,  but  rubbing  these  with  antipyrin 
or  mixing  aqueous  solutions  produces  no  apparent  change. 
II.  A  dilute  solution  of  antipyrin  with  nitric  acid  gives  a 
yellow  color,  passing  into  crimson  on  warming.  12.  A  solu- 
tion of  iodine  gives  with  a  solution  of  antipyrin  a  red-brown 
precipitate  which  dissolves  in  an  excess  of  antipyrin,  forming 
a  colorless  solution.  There  is  probably  formed  the  colorless 
iodoantipyrin  (iodopyrin)  or  the  di-iodoantipyrin.  If  more 
iodine  is  added  a  permanent  precipitate  is  formed  which  is 
soluble  in  alcohol.  13.  Bromine  water  gives  a  precipitate 
which  is  soluble  at  first  but  remains  permanent  on  adding 
more  bromine.  14.  Antipyrin  slowly  reduces  potassium 
permanganate,  precipitating  manganese  dioxide.  15.  Chro- 
mic acid  gives  an  orange  precipitate  with  a  strong  solution  of 
antipyrin.  16.  An  aqueous  solution  of  antipyrin  gives  a 
precipitate  with  tannic  acid  or  preparations  containing  it  in 
considerable  proportions,  by  picric  acid  and  by  most  of  the 
general  alkaloidal  reagents.  [See  under  Alkaloids.]  17. 
Spirit  of  nitrous  ether  with  antipyrin  gives  a  green  solution, 
and  on  standing  green  crystals  are  formed  if  the  solution  is 
concentrated.  The  reaction  does  not  take  place  as  quickly 
when  the  spirit  is  neutral  as  when  it  is  acid,  and  by  having  a 
little  sodium  bicarbonate  present  the  reaction  may  be  pre- 
vented for  several  days  or  weeks.  The  green  compound  is 
iso-nitroso-antipyrin.  The  experiments  of  Drs.  H.  C.  Wood 
and  John  Marshall,  as  well  as  those  made  by  other  experi- 
menters, go  to  show  that  this  compound  is  not  a  dangerous 
one,  as  Drs.  Wood  and  Marshall  gave  it  in  doses  of  fifteen 
grains,  repeated  several  times  at  intervals  of  an  hour  (D.  C, 
XXXIII.  107).  According  to  these  investigators  there  is  a 
small  amount  of  cyanogen  evolved,  the  quantity  being  so 
small  that  no  danger  need  be  apprehended.  Other  nitrites 
act  similarly.  18.  Crystallized  carbolic  acid  when  triturated 
with  antipyrin  gives  an  odorless  liquid  called  phenopyrin.  On 
mixing  aqueous  solutions  of  these  two  substances  a  turbidity 


46  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

results,  and  an  oily  liquid  settles  to  the  bottom  in  a  few  hours, 
19.  Triturating  chloral  hydrate  and  antipyrin  together  in 
proper  proportions  forms  the  liquid  monochloral-antipyrin, 
from  which  hypnal  is  made.  Moderately  dilute  aqueous  solu- 
tions of  antipyrin  and  chloral  hydrate  can  be  mixed  v/ithout 
separation.  20.  When  antipyrin  and  sodium  salicylate  are 
rubbed  together  a  mass  or  liquid  is  formed  after  a  time,  the 
length  of  time  seeming  to  depend  on  the  amount  of  moisture 
in  the  atmosphere.  It  has  been  suggested  that  the  simple 
nnixture  is  hygroscopic  (N.  D.,  227),  but  more  probably  a 
chemical  reaction  takes  place.  Rubbing  with  salicylic  acid 
does  not  give  a  mass  or  liquid.  21.  Antipyrin  gives  a  liquid 
when  it  is  triturated  with  acetamid,  bromal  hydrate,  chloral 
alcoholate,  pyrocatechin,  pyrogallol,  resorcin,  thymol,  or 
urethane.  22.  Rubbing  antipyrin  and  acetanilid  together 
is  said  to  produce  a  mass.  A  slight  dampness,  which  usually 
quickly  disappears,  is  produced  by  hard  trituration.  Some- 
times liquefaction  results,  seeming  to  depend  on  the  condition 
•of  the  atmosphere.  23.  Triturated  with  bromal  hydrate  or 
salol  it  gives  a  damp  powder.  24.  Antipyrin  dissolved  in 
wine  causes  a  gradual  precipitation  of  the  coloring  matter 
(N.  D.,  227).  25.  Antipyrin  increases  the  solubility  of  qui- 
nine sulphate  in  water,  and  at  the  same  time  destroys  the 
fluorescence  and  prevents  the  green  coloration  which  quinine 
gives  with  bromine  water  followed  by  ammonia  water.  26. 
The  solubility  of  caffeine  is  said  to  be  increased  by  antipyrin. 
27.  Antipyrin  is  said  to  be  incompatible  with  sodium  bicar- 
bonate, ammonia  water,  hydrocyanic  acid,  arsenic,  and 
benzoates. 

Apoiuorpliiiiee  Hydrocliloricluin. — i.  An  aqueous 
solution  of  apomorphine  hydrochloride  rapidly  becomes 
green  in  color ;  the  exact  change  which  takes  place  has  not 
been  determined.  2.  An  aqueous  solution  is  precipitated 
by  the  alkali  hydrates  and  carbonates  and  by  lime  water  as 
the  free  alkaloid,  white  at  first,  but  quickly  turning  green  or 
black.      3.   It  is  precipitated  by  tannic  acid,  picric  acid,  and 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  47 

nearly  all  the  alkaloidal  reagents.  [See  Alkaloids.]  4. 
With  a  concentrated  solution  of  ferric  chloride  it  gives  a  red 
precipitate,  turning  black.  5.  Concentrated  nitric  acid  added 
to  the  crystals  gives  a  red  solution.  6.  Apomorphine  hydro- 
chloride in  aqueous  solution  reduces  iodates,  permanganates, 
and  silver  nitrate.  7.  Strychnine,  chloral  hydrate,  and 
chloroform  are  somewhat  incompatible  with  it  physiologi- 
cally. 

Aqua.— Water  precipitates  from  their  alcoholic  solutions 
oils,  many  free  alkaloids  or  alkaloids  combined  with  general 
alkaloidal  reagents,  some  glucosides,  some  neutral  and  bitter 
principles,  resinous  or  fatty  matter,  inert  extractive  mat- 
ter, and  nearly  all  compounds  which  are  insoluble  in  water. 

Aqua  Amnionise.  [See  Hydrate,  Volatile  Alka- 
li.] 

Aqua  Aniygclalae  Amarse.  [See  Acidum  Hydro- 
CYANicu-M  and  Oleum  Amygdala  Amar^.] 

Aqua  Camiiliorae. — The  camphor  in  camphor  water 
is  sometimes  thrown  out  of  solution  by  dissolving  in  the 
water  a  large  amount  of  some  soluble  salt  as  potassium 
bromide. 

Aqua  Clilori.     [See  Chlorum.] 

Aqua  Cinnanionii.     [See  Oleum  Cinnamomi.] 

Aqua  Creosoti.     [See  Creosotum.] 

Aqu?e. — The  medicating  or  flavoring  principle  in  some 
waters  is  thrown  out  of  solution  by  dissolving  certain  very 
soluble  inorganic  salts  in  the  water;  e.g.,  camphor  water 
gives  a  precipitate  of  camphor  when  potassium  bromide  is 
dissolved  in  it. 

Aqua  Hydrogenii  Dioxidi. — i.  A  solution  of  hydro- 
gen peroxide  generally  contains  a  free  mineral  acid,  which 
has  been  added  to  aid  preservation.  In  such  a  case  the 
solution  would  have  the  incompatibilities  of  the  acid.  2. 
Hydrogen  dioxide  slowly  undergoes  decomposition,  liberating 
oxygen,  and  if  the  bottle  is  tightly  corked  a  sufificient  pres- 
sure may  be   produced   to   burst  the   bottle.      3.    Hydrogen 


48  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

dioxide  is  a  strong  oxidizing  agent,  changing  mercurous 
compounds  to  mercuric,  ferrous  to  ferric,  arsenous  to  arsenic, 
hypophosphites  to  phosphates,  and  sulphites  to  sulphates. 
4.  It  liberates  sulphur  from  sulphides.  5.  With  reduced 
iron  and  water  it  gives  a  little  effervescence,  and  in  a  few 
hours  a  brown  precipitate  of  ferric  hydrate  or  oxide.  6. 
Chromic  salts  in  alkaline  mixtures  are  oxidized  to  a  chromate. 
A  chromate  in  the  presence  of  an  acid  is  reduced  to  a  chromic 
salt  (M.  &  M.,  II.  723).  7.  Caustic  alkalies  decompose  hydro- 
gen dioxide,  forming  oxygen  and  water  (M.  &  M.,  II.  724). 
8.  Ammonia  in  solution  forms  ammonium  nitrite  (M.  &  M., 
II.  723).  9.  Iodides  are  oxidized  liberating  iodine.  10.  Bro- 
mine is  liberated  from  hydrobromic  acid.  1 1.  With  chlorine 
hydrogen  dioxide  forms  hydrochloric  acid  and  oxygen  (M.  & 
M.,  II.  724).  12.  Hydrogen  dioxide  reduces  potassium 
permanganate  and  is  itself  reduced ;  the  products  in  a  solu- 
tion acidulated  with  sulphuric  acid  are  manganous  sulphate, 
potassium  sulphate,  water  and  oxygen.  13.  It  reduces  gold, 
silver,  mercuric  mercury,  and  platinum  from  their  oxides 
(P.  &  J.,  212).  14.  Hydrogen  dioxide  unites  with  some  acids 
as  phosphoric,  sulphuric,  nitric  and  hydrochloric,  forming 
mixtures  in  which  it  is  less  easily  decomposed  (Watts,  III. 
197).  15.  Reaction  takes  place  when  hydrogen  dioxide  water 
and  formic  aldehyde  are  mixed,  producing  formic  acid. 
16.  It  bleaches  litmus  and  most  organic  colors.  17.  Hydro- 
gen dioxide  slowly  reacts  with  alcohol.  18.  It  gives  a  blue 
color  with  a  tincture  of  guaiac  if  the  guaiac  has  not  been 
exposed  to  air  and  light  too  long.  19.  With  tannic  or 
gallic  acid  it  slowly  gives  off  some  gas  and  colors  the  solution 
yellow  brown.  20.  Hydrogen  dioxide  oxidizes  carbolic  acid 
to  pyrocatechin,  hydroquinone  and  quinone  (M.  &  M.,  III. 
832).  A  mixture  of  hydrogen  dioxide  water  and  carbolic 
acid  becomes  yellow  to  red  brown  in  a  few  hours.  21.  Hydro- 
gen dioxide  changes  glycerin  to  oxalic  acid  and  carbon 
dioxide.  22.  It  coagulates  a  solution  of  albumin  (U.  S.  D., 
214).     23.   Some  substances  such  as  ammonia,  hydrocyanic 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


49 


acid,  tobacco,  aconite,  and  most  narcotic  substances  are 
unaffected  by  it  and  restrain  its  oxidizing  influence  on  other 
bodies  (U.  S.  D.,  213).  24.  Quite  a  number  of  substances 
decompose  hydrogen  dioxide  into  water  and  oxygen  while 
they  themselves  are  not  affected.  Some  examples  of  these 
are  manganese  dioxide,  sodium  sulphate,  potassium  bro- 
mide, potassium  chloride,  charcoal,  and  some  organic  sub- 
stances (M.  &  M.,  II.  724). 

Aqua    Meiitlife    Piperitse.     [See    Oelum  Mentha 
Piperita.] 

Aqua  Pinientse.  [See  Oleum  Pimento.] 
Argeuti  Nitras. —  i.  Silver  nitrate  is  easily  changed 
to  the  oxide  or  metallic  silver  by  light  and  organic  matter. 
2.  Silver  nitrate  in  aqueous  solution  is  precipitated  as  the 
gray-brown  silver  oxide  by  the  hydrates  of  potassium,  so- 
dium, and  ammonium,  the  precipitate  being  soluble  in 
ammonia  water.  3.  The  alkali  carbonates  precipitate  the 
yellow-white  silver  carbonate.  4.  Hydrochloric  acid  and  the 
soluble  chlorides  precipitate  the  white  silver  chloride.  5.  Sol- 
uble arsenites  precipitate  the  yellow  silver  arsenite.  6.  Sol- 
uble arsenates  precipitate  the  red-brown  silver  arsenate.  7. 
Sodium  phosphate  precipitates  the  yellow  silver  phosphate. 
8.  Borax  precipitates  silver  borate.  9.  The  soluble  bro- 
mides, iodides,  and  cyanides  precipitate  the  silver  bromide, 
iodide,  and  cyanide,  the  iodide  and  cyanide  being  soluble  in 
excess  of  the  precipitant.  10.  Chromates  precipitate  the 
red-brown  silver  chromate.  11.  Potassium  permanganate 
with  not  too  dilute  solutions  of  silver  nitrate  gives  a  precipi- 
tate of  silver  permanganate.  12.  It  is  reduced  to  metallic 
silver  by  metallic  zinc,  copper,  tin,  mercury,  and  lead ;  by 
hypophosphites  and  sulphites;  in  alkaline  mixtures,  by 
arsenites,  manganous  salts,  antimonious  salts  ;  by  ferrous 
sulphate  in  the  cold.  13.  Tannic  acid  precipitates  the  sil- 
ver tannate.  14.  Soluble  citrates  give  precipitates  of  silver 
citrate.  1 5 .  Soluble  salicylates  give  precipitates  of  silver  sali- 
cylate.      16.     Morphine    salts     are     precipitated     by    silver 


50 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


nitrate  with  a  red  coloration.  17.  Free  cocaine  gives  a  black 
precipitate,  probably  of  silver  oxide.  18.  Silver  nitrate  in 
solution  is  reduced  to  the  metallic  condition  by  glucose,  vol- 
atile oils,  aromatic  waters,  tartrates,  creosote,  formalde- 
hyde, and  many  other  organic  substances,  but  not  generally 
by  alkaloids.  19.  An  alcoholic  solution  of  silver  nitrate 
gradually  deposits  metallic  silver.  20.  Silver  nitrate  heated 
with  nitric  acid  and  alcohol  produces  the  violently  explosive 
fulminate  of  silver  (N.  D.,  279).  21.  Most  salts  of  silver, 
except  the  nitrate  and  chlorate,  are  insoluble  or  sparingly 
soluble  in  water. 

Arg-enti  Oxidum. — i.  Silver  oxide  readily  parts  with 
its  oxygen,  forming  explosive  mixtures  with  many  substances. 
Triturated  dry  with  sulphur,  sulphide  of  antimony,  sulphide 
of  arsenic,  phosphorus,  tannic  acid,  creosote,  and  some 
other  organic  substances,  it  is  liable  to  explode  or  cause 
ignition.  2.  Moist  silver  oxide  decomposes  many  metallic 
salts  in  solution,  precipitating  the  metallic  hydroxides,  e.g., 
salts  of  bismuth,  copper,  iron,  and  mercury  (M.  &M.,  iv. 
470).  3.  Iodine  in  water  forms  silver  iodide  and  iodic 
acid.  4.  Chlorine  forms  silver  chloride  and  chlorate.  5.  A 
strong  solution  of  silver  oxide  in  concentrated  ammonia  forms 
the  explosive  silver  nitride  (Ag^N)  on  standing  or  by  adding 
alcohol  (M.  &  M.,  IV.  470). 

Aristol. —  I.  Aristol  is  decomposed  by  light  and  heat, 
liberating  iodine.  2.  It  should  not  be  mixed  with  bodies 
having  a  strong  afifinity  for  iodine.  Sulphuric  acid  decom- 
poses it* 

Arseni  locliduui. — i.  Iodide  of  arsenic  in  aqueous  solu- 
tion decomposes  into  arsenous  and  hydriodic  acids  (U.  S.  P., 
58).  Iodine  is  also  liberated.  2.  Iodide  of  arsenic  precipi- 
tates many  alkaloids  from  solutions  of  their  salts.  3.  Its 
incompatibilities  are  similar  to  those  of  the  soluble  iodides  and 
of  arsenous  acid.  [See  AciDUM  Hydriodicum  and  AciDUM 
Arsenosum.] 

Arsenates.     [See  Acidum  Arsenicum.] 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


51 


Arsenites.     [See  Acidum  Arsenosum.] 

Asai>rol. —  i.  When  a  neutral  solution  of  quinine  sul- 
phate or  hydrochloride  is  poured  suddenly  into  a  solution  of 
asaprol,  there  forms  on  the  surface  of  the  liquid  a  resinous 
body  adhering  to  the  walls  of  the  vessel.  If  the  asaprol  solu- 
tion is  gradually  poured  into  the  quinine  solution  a  precipi- 
tate forms  and  settles.  2.  Asaprol  being  a  calcium  salt,  has 
the  incompatibilities  of  calcium  salts  (D.  C,  xxxviii.  107). 
3.     A  solution  of  asaprol  is  precipitated  by  antipyrin. 

Atroi>iiia. — i.  Atropine  is  precipitated  from  concen- 
trated aqueous  solutions  of  its  salts  as  the  free  alkaloid  by 
alkali  hydrates  and  the  carbonates  of  the  fixed  alkalies  (not 
ammonium  carbonate  or  the  bicarbonates).  2.  It  is  precipitated 
by  the  general  alkaloidal  reagents,  except  platinic  chloride. 
[See  Alkaloids.]  3.  By  continued  heating  with  alkali  hy- 
drates, acids,  or  water,  atropine  is  decomposed,  forming  tro- 
pine  and  tropic  acid.  4.  Chromic  acid  converts  it  into  benzoic 
acid(M.  &M.,  i.  362).  5.  The  precipitation  by  gold  chloride 
is  prevented  to  some  extent  by  the  presence  of  sodium  hypo- 
sulphite, 6.  Some  of  the  antagonists  of  atropine  are  mor- 
phine, pilocarpine,  physostigmine,  aconitine,  chloral  hy- 
drate, hydrocyanic  acid,  muscarine,  quinine,  bromal  hy- 
drate, and  Phytolacca. 

Auri  et  Soclii  Cliloriclvini. —  i.  Gold  and  sodium 
chloride  precipitates  many  of  the  alkaloids  from  solutions  of 
their  salts  as  double  compounds.  The  addition  of  sodium 
thiosulphate  to  the  chloride  before  mixing  with  the  alkaloidal 
solution  tends  to  prevent  precipitation.  If  one  fourth  of  a 
grain  of  sodium  thiosulphate  be  dissolved  in  one  dram  of 
water  and  added  to  one  eighth  of  a  grain  of  gold  and  sodium 
chloride  dissolved  in  one  dram  of  water  and  this  added  to 
one  eighth  of  a  grain  of  strychnine  sulphate  in  two  drams  of 
water,  no  precipitation  will  take  place  at  once  or  for  several 
days.  Using  one  half  as  much  water  as  above  stated,  a  pre- 
cipitate may  be  slowly  formed.  If  one  fourth  the  amount  of 
water  is  used  precipitation  will  usually  take  place  within  a. 


52 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


•day.  2.  Potassium  iodide  added  to  a  solution  of  gold 
■chloride  (the  latter  being  in  excess)  precipitates  the  yellow 
aurous  iodide  and  liberates  iodine.  But  if  the  solution  of 
gold  chloride  is  added  to  the  potassium  iodide  solution  (the 
latter  being  in  excess),  there  is  first  formed  a  dark  green  solu- 
tion of  potassium  auric  iodide,  then  a  precipitate  of  auric 
iodide  which  is  instable,  decomposing  in  pure  water  forming 
aurous  iodide  (P.  &  J.,  154).  3.  Gold  chloride  combines 
with  and  precipitates  albumin.  4.  Gold  chloride  in  solution 
is  reduced  to  metallic  gold  by  metallic  silver,  mercury,  cop- 
per, and  iron;  5.  by  mercurous  salts,  arsenites,  ferrous 
sulphate,  and  many  organic  substances;  6.  by  hypophos- 
phorous,  sulphurous,  nitrous,  oxalic,  and  tannic  acids;  7. 
by  light  and  heat.  8.  Atropine  and  morphine  are  some- 
what antagonistic  physiologically. 

Bariimi. — Barium  salts  in  aqueous  solution  are  precipi- 
tated by  sulphuric  acid  and  soluble  sulphates,  by  aqueous 
solutions  of  phosphates,  tartrates,  oxalates,  carbonates, 
chromates,  or  tannic  acid,  the  precipitate  being  barium 
sulphate,  phosphate,  tartrate,  oxalate,  carbonate,  chromate, 
■or  tannate. 

Belladonna.     [See  Atropina.] 

Benzaldehydum.       [See   Oleum   Amygdala   Ama- 

B'enzoates.     [See  Acidum  Benzoicum.] 

Bismuthi  et  Aininonii  Citras. —  i.  Citrate  of  bis- 
muth and  ammonium  in  aqueous  solution  is  precipitated  as 
the  bismuth  citrate  by  most  mineral  acids  and  the  stronger 
organic  acids.  2.  It  is  not  readily  precipitated  by  the  fixed 
alkali  hydrates,  but  these  on  heating  liberate  ammonia. 

Bismuthi  Salicylas. —  i.  Bismuth  salicylate  with  a 
solution  of  a  ferric  salt  gives  a  violet  color. 

Bismuthi  Subgallas. — i.  Bismuth  subgallate  or  der- 
matol  is  decomposed  by  strong  acids  with  liberation  of 
;gallic  acid. 

Bismuthi  Svihnitras. —  i.   Bismuth  subnitrate  is  con- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


53 


verted  into  the  hydrate  by  solutions  of  the  alkali  hydrates. 
2.  In  the  presence  of  water  the  alkali  carbonates  and 
bicarbonates  convert  it  into  the  subcarbonate,  and  at  the 
same  tinne  some  carbon  dioxide  is  liberated.  3.  Soluble 
iodides  change  bismuth  subnitrate  to  an  iodide.  [See  No. 
9,  under  AciDUM  Hydriodicum.]  4.  Hypophosphites 
in  neutral  or  alkaline  mixtures  reduce  bismuth  subnitrate  to 
a  form  of  bismuth  having  a  quantivalence  of  two  (P.  &  J., 
220),  a  black  compound  being  formed.  5.  Chlorine  or 
chlorinated  lime  in  alkaline  mixtures  convert  the  bismuth 
into  the  reddish  peroxide  (P.  &  J.,  90).  6,  Tannic  acid  in 
the  presence  of  water  slowly  forms  the  yellow  tannate  of 
bismuth.  7.  With  a  solution  of  sodium  salicylate  bismuth 
subnitrate  is  said  to  form  a  series  of  nitro-salicylates,  varying 
in  color  from  white  to  red  orange.  Mixtures  of  these  in 
various  proportions  made  in  the  author's  laboratory  showed 
no  perceptible  change  even  on  standing.  8.  Bismuth  sub- 
nitrate is  soluble  in  glycerin,  but  should  not  be  triturated 
with  it  for  fear  of  an  explosion  (Scoville,  226). 

Borates.  [See  Acidum  Boricum  and  SoDii  Boras.] 
Bromal  Hydras. — i.  Bromal  hydrate  is  decomposed 
by  alkali  hydrates,  forming  bromoform  and  a  formate 
(N.  D.,  352).  2.  With  alcohol  it  forms  bromal  alcoholate 
{M.  &  M.,  I.  540).  3.  It  forms  a  liquid  or  mass  when 
triturated  with  acetamid,  antipyrin,  borneol,  carbolic  acid, 
euphorin,  exalgin,  menthol,  pyrocatechin,  urea,  or  ure- 
thane.  With  diuretin  or  methacetin  it  gives  a  damp 
powder. 

Bromides.  [See  Acidum  Hydrobromicum.] 
Bromoforinum. — i.  Bromoform  turns  yellow  in  the 
light.  2.  Potassium  hydrate  converts  it  into  a  bromide 
and  a  formate  of  potassium.  3.  With  alcoholic  potash 
bromoform  is  decomposed,  producing  potassium  bromide, 
carbon  monoxide,  ethylene,  and  water  (Allen,  I.  184). 

Broinvim. — i.  Bromine  with  alkali  hydrates  forms  bro- 
mides and  bromates.      2.   With  sulphites  it  forms  sulphates 


54 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


and  bromides.  3.  With  hypophosphites  it  forms  phos- 
phates and  bromides.  4.  Metalhc  mercury  and  mercurous 
compounds  are  oxidized  to  mercuric  compounds.  5.  Ar- 
senites  are  converted  into  arsenates.  6.  Ferrous  salts  are 
converted  into  ferric  salts,  and  in  alkahne  mixtures  into  fer- 
rates. 7,  Bromine  bleaches  vegetable  colors.  8.  It  com- 
bines with  many  fixed  oils  containing  olein,  forming  addition 
products,  9.  With  oil  of  turpentine  and  some  other  vola- 
tile oils  it  is  liable  to  react  violently  and  may  cause  ignition. 
10.  Bromine  in  water  gradually  forms  hydrobromic  acid  and 
oxygen  (M.  &  M.,  I.  536).  11.  An  alcoholic  solution  is 
gradually  decolorized,  forming  hydrobromic  acid.  12.  With 
hydrogen  dioxide  oxygen  is  evolved.  13.  Bromine  colors 
starch  paste  yellow. 

Butyl  Chloral  Hydras. —  i.  Butyl  chloral  hydrate 
(erroneously  called  croton  chloral  hydrate)  gradually  under- 
goes decomposition  in  aqueous  solution,  2.  With  alkalies  it 
is  decomposed,  producing  a  formate  and  propylic  chloroform, 
which  splits  up  with  the  formation  of  a  chloride  of  the  alkali 
and  dichloride  of  allylene  (Allen,  I.  176).  3.  It  liquefies  or 
gives  a  soft  mass  when  triturated  dry  with  acetamid,  carbolic 
acid,  exalgin,  menthol,  pyrocatechin,  or  urethane.  With 
antipyrin,  camphor,  or  thymol  it  is  said  to  liquefy,  but  a 
powder  was  obtained  in  each  case.  4.  Picrotoxin  is  said  to 
be  physiologically  incompatible  with  it,  as  are  atropine, 
strychnine,  and  caffeine. 

Cacliiiiuin.  —  The  soluble  cadmium  salts  in  aqueous 
solution  are  precipitated  by  the  alkali  hydrates,  forming 
white  cadmium  hydrate ;  by  alkali  carbonates,  forming  the 
white  cadmium  carbonate ;  by  the  soluble  sulphides  and 
hydrosulphuric  acid,  as  the  yellow  cadmium  sulphide;  by 
the  alkali  chromates,  as  the  yellow  cadmium  chromate ;  by 
the  soluble  phosphates,  as  the  white  cadmium  phosphate. 

Caffeliia. —  i.  Caffeine  does  not  readily  combine  with 
dilute  acids,  although  it  unites  with  concentrated  acids. 
The  salts  are  easily  decomposed  by  water,  alcohol,  or  ether. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


55 


"2.  Caffeine  in  moderately  dilute  solutions  is  not  precipitated 
by  the  alkali  hydrates  or  carbonates  or  the  general  alka- 
loidal  reagents,  except  tannic  acid,  phosphomolybdic  acid, 
and  mercuric  chloride.  3.  Warmed  with  alcoholic  potas- 
sium hydrate  it  forms  methylamine,  carbon  dioxide  and  a 
little  ammonia  (N.  D.,  362).  4.  The  solubility  of  caffeine 
is  increased  by  the  presence  of  sodium  salicylate,  sodium 
benzoate,  or  antipyrin  (Extra  Pharm.,  89).  5.  Chloral  hy- 
drate, physostigma,  opium,  and  tobacco  are  somewhat 
antagonistic  physiologically. 

Calcium. — i.  The  soluble  calcium  salts  in  concentrated 
solutions  are  precipitated  by  the  fixed  alkali  hydrates  as 
calcium  hydrate;  2.  by  soluble  sulphates  in  not  too  dilute 
solutions  as  sulphate;  3.  by  soluble  carbonates,  phos- 
phates, oxalates,  or  tartrates  as  calcium  carbonate,  phos- 
phate, oxalate,  or  tartrate.  4.  Soluble  citrates  on  heating 
precipitate  the  calcium  citrate. 

Calcii  Bromiduni.  [See  Calcium  and  Acidum 
Hydrobromicum.] 

Calcii  Carbonas.     [See  Calcium  and  Carbonates.] 

Calcii  Hypophosphis. —  i.  Calcium  hypophosphite  in 
aqueous  solution  gradually  changes  to  calcium  phosphate.  2. 
Excess  of  sugar  throws  calcium  hypophosphite  out  of  solu- 
tion (Scoville,  227).  3.  The  presence  of  hypophosphorous 
acid  increases  its  solubility  in  water.  [See  CALCIUM  and 
Acidum  Hypophosphorosum,] 

Calcii  Pliosplias — Calcium  phosphate  forms  soluble 
compounds  with  nearly  all  acids  except  those  which  precipi- 
tate calcium  salts. 

Calcii  Sulphas. — Calcium  sulphate  is  sparingly  solu- 
ble in  water.      [See  CALCIUM  and  AciDUM  SULPHURICUM.] 

Calx. — I.  Lime  exposed  to  air  absorbs  carbon  dioxide 
and  water.  2.  It  combines  with  water  to  form  calcium 
hydrate,  which  has  many  of  the  properties  of  the  fixed  alka- 
lies.    [See  Calcium  and  Hydrates,  Fixed  Alkali.] 

Calx  Clilorata. — i.   Chlorinated  lime  contains  calcium 


56  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

hypochlorite  which  is  very  easily  decomposed  by  mineral 
acids  and  carbon  dioxide,  liberating  chlorine.  2.  It  converts 
sugar,  starch,  cellulose,  and  similar  substances  into  formic 
acid  (U.  S.  D.,  294).  3.  It  acts  energetically  on  volatile 
oils,  forming  chloroform  (U.  S.  D.,  294).  4.  Mixed  with 
glycerin  it  reacts  violently,  giving  off  white  fumes  and  turn- 
ing the  mass  brown.  The  ultimate  products  of  the  oxida- 
tion are  oxalic  acid  and  carbon  dioxide.  5.  With  organic 
substances  in  a  dry  state  chlorinated  lime  causes  gradual 
decomposition  with  the  development  of  heat,  and  may  cause 
explosion.     [See  Chlorum,  Calcium,  and  Acidum  Hydro- 

CHLORICUM.] 

Calx  Suli)liiirata. — Sulphurated  lime  is  decomposed  by 
mineral  acids  and  carbon  dioxide,  liberating  hydrogen  sul- 
phide. 

Cainbogia. — i.  Gamboge  gives  an  orange-red  solution 
with  a  solution  of  sodium  or  potassium  hydrate  and  the 
color  caused  by  the  latter  reagent  changes  to  yellow  brown. 
2.  With  ammonia  water  it  gives  a  yellow  solution,  changing 
to  red  and  finally  brown.  3.  With  a  tincture  of  iron  it  gives 
a  black-brown  solution. 

Cainpliora. —  i.  Camphor  when  oxidized  by  nitric  acid 
forms  camphoric  acid  which  is  insoluble  in  water,  and  camphor- 
onic  acid  which  is  soluble  (M.  &  M.,  I.  669).  2,  With  chromic 
acid  it  forms  camphoronic  acid  (M.  &  M.,  i.  669).  3. 
Potassium  permanganate  in  alkaline  solution  converts  cam- 
phor into  camphoric  acid  (M.  &  M.,  I.  669).  4.  Bromine 
unites  with  it  to  form  the  crystallizable  instable  dibromide 
of  camphor,  which  on  heating  breaks  up  into  hydrobromic 
acid  and  monobromated  camphor  (Allen,  II.  447).  5. 
Iodine  acts  on  camphor,  when  heated,  with  evolution  of  hydri- 
odic  acid,  and  formation  of  cymene,  carvacrol,  laurine.  and 
other  bodies  the  nature  of  which  has  not  been  determined 
(R.  &  S.,  III.  part  V.  427).  Iodine  dissolved  with  a  large 
excess  of  camphor  in  alcohol  still  gives  the  iodine  reaction 
with  starch  after  several  days.      6.    Chlorine  has  no  action  on 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


57 


camphor  but  in  the  presence  of  alcohol  it  forms  chlorinated 
compounds  (M.  &  M.,  I.  669).  7.  Camphor  absorbs  the 
gases  of  hydrochloric  acid,  sulphur  dioxide,  and  nitric 
peroxide,  forming  colorless  liquids  which  are  decomposed 
on  adding  water  (Allen,  II.  446).  8.  Solutions  of  camphor 
in  alcohol  and  ether  increase  the  solubility  of  corrosive 
sublimate  and  the  presence  of  this  salt  increases  the 
solubility  of  camphor  in  these  liquids  (N,  D.,  388).  9. 
Camphor  when  heated  with  salicylic  acid  on  the  water  bath 
forms  an  oily  liquid,  salicylated  camphor,  which  solidifies  on 
cooling  (N.  D.,  389).  10.  The  odor  of  camphor  covers  up 
the  odor  of  musk  and  is  itself  overcome  by  that  of  Tolu, 
asafoetida,  and  other  similar  substances.  11.  When  camphor 
and  a  resinous  substance  are  rubbed  together  a  soft  mass  is 
formed.  12.  Camphor  produces  a  liquid  or  soft  mass  when 
triturated  with  about  an  equal  weight  of  the  following  sub- 
stances :  carbolic  acid,  chloral  alcoholate,  chloral  hydrate, 
euphorin,  menthol,  naphtol,  pyrocatechin,  pyrogallol, 
resorcin,  salol,  thymol,  urethane,  monochloracetic  acid,  or 
dichloracetic  acid. 

Cainphora  Moiiobroniata. — i.  Monobromated  cam- 
phor with  nitric  acid  forms  bromo-nitro-camphor  and  cam- 
phoric acid  (M.  &  M.,  i.  670).  2.  With  alcoholic  potash 
it  forms  camphor  (M.  &  M.,  I.  670).  3.  When  triturated 
with  carbolic  acid,  chloral  alcoholate,  chloral  hydrate, 
euphorin,  pyrocatechin,  salol,  or  thymol  it  gives  a  liquid  or 
soft  mass. 

Cannabis  Inclica. — i.  Water  added  to  an  alcoholic 
extract  of  cannabis  indica  causes  the  precipitation  of  a  large 
amount  of  resinous  matter.  This  resinous  matter  is  soluble 
in  a  concentrated  aqueous  solution  of  chloral  hydrate.  2. 
Strychnine  is  somewhat  antagonistic. 

Cantliaridin. —  i.  Cantharidin  combines  with  alkalies, 
forming  soluble  cantharidates.  2.  It  is  precipitated  from 
solutions  by  neutral  lead  acetate,  silver  nitrate,  mercuric 
chloride,  and  copper  sulphate. 


38  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

Carbo. —  i.  Charcoal  absorbs  many  gases,  such  as  am- 
monia, hydrogen  sulphide,  etc.  2.  When  mixed  with  solu- 
tions it  absorbs  and  removes  from  solution  tannic  acid,  many 
alkaloids,  many  glucosides,  and  a  number  of  bitter  and 
odorous  principles,  coloring  matter,  fusel  oil;  iodine,  and 
many  metallic  salts  (N.  D.,  406).  3.  When  triturated  with 
oxidizing  agents,  such  as  potassium  chlorate  or  potassium 
permanganate,  there  is  danger  of  an  explosion. 

Carbonates. —  i.  Carbonates  are  decomposed  by  all  com- 
mon acids  except  hydrosulphuric  and  hydrocyanic  acids,  and 
by  some  metallic  acid  salts,  with  liberation  of  carbon  diox- 
ide. 2.  Solutions  of  potassium  and  sodium  carbonates  precipi- 
tate solutions  of  salts  of  all  other  common  metals  ;  the  precip- 
itate is  a  normal  carbonate  in  case  of  silver,  mercurous  mer- 
cury, cadmium,  ferrous  iron,  manganese,  barium,  stron- 
tium, and  calcium ;  it  is  a  hydrate  in  case  of  tin,  aluminum, 
ferric  iron,  and  chromium  ;  it  is  an  oxide  in  case  of  antimony ; 
it  is  a  basic  carbonate  in  case  of  lead,  nickel,  bismuth,  copper, 
zinc,  cobalt,  magnesium,  and  mercuric  mercury.  3.  The 
carbonates  of  the  alkalies  precipitate  as  free  alkaloids  the 
aqueous  solutions  of  most  alkaloidal  salts  and  decompose  a 
few  of  the  alkaloids.  4.  In  the  presence  of  water  bismuth 
subnitrate  liberates  carbon  dioxide  from  the  alkali  carbon- 
ates. 5.  Ammonium  carbonate  causes  reactions  similar  to 
potassium  carbonate,  except  with  resorcin  and  salts  of  mer- 
cury, copper,  silver,  and  alkaloids.  [See  Ammonii  Car- 
BONAS.]  6.  The  carbonates  of  the  alkalies  are  soluble  in 
water.  The  other  normal  or  basic  carbonates  are  insoluble  in 
water,  although  many  are  soluble  in  excess  of  carbon  dioxide, 
forming  bicarbonates.   The  carbonates  are  insoluble  in  alcohol. 

7.  The  bicarbonates  of  the  alkalies  have  about  the  same 
incompatibilities  as  the  carbonates,  although  they  do  not  pre- 
cipitate as  many  of  the  alkaloidal  or  metallic  salts.  8.  The 
pure  bicarbonates  do  not  precipitate  solutions  of  salts  of 
atropine,  hyoscyamine,  nicotine,  quinine,  quinidine,  cocaine, 
coniine,  codeine,  brucine,  or  caffeine,  unless  the  solution  be 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


59 


■quite  concentrated  or  heat  be  applied  (Sohn),  9.  Pure 
sodium  bicarbonate  does  not  precipitate  solutions  of  silver 
nitrate  or  barium  chloride  (U.  S.  D.,  1233).  10.  Sodium 
bicarbonate  with  a  solution  of  mercuric  chloride  produces  an 
effervescence  and  gives  a  white  precipitate  at  first  which 
changes  to  a  brown  or  purple  on  standing,  the  change  taking 
place  more  quickly  when  the  mercury  is  in  excess.  Various 
oxychlorides  of  mercury  are  formed  (M.  &  M.,  III.  217). 
II.  Heating  the  alkali  bicarbonates  dry  or  in  aqueous  solu- 
tion changes  them  to  some  extent  to  the  normal  carbonates. 

Catechu. — i.  Catechu  contains  a  large  percentage  of 
tannic  acid.  [See  AciDUM  Tannicum.]  2.  Catechu-tannic 
acid  does  not  precipitate  solutions  of  tartar  emetic,  but  an  aque- 
ous solution  of  the  acid  is  precipitated  by  gelatin,  albumin, 
and  dilute  sulphuric  acid  (U.  S.  D.,  343).  3.  Catechu-tannic 
acid  gives  a  greenish-black  solution  or  precipitate  with  solu- 
tions of  ferric  salts. 

Cerii  Oxalas. —  i.  Cerium  oxalate  with  alkali  hydrates 
slowly  forms  the  cerium  hydrate  and  the  oxalate  of  the  alkali. 
2.  It  dissolves  in  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  or  dilute  sulphuric 
acid,  and  this  solution  is  precipitated  by  the  alkali  hydrates  or 
carbonates. 

Cliinoliii. —  I.  Chinolin  turns  a  reddish-brown  color  on 
exposure  to  air.  2.  It  combines  with  acids  to  form  salts. 
The  salts  are  decomposed  by  fixed  alkali  hydrates,  liberating 
chinolin.  3.  Chinolin  is  precipitated  by  many  of  the  alka- 
loidal  reagents,  such  as  iodine,  picric  acid,  mercuric  chloride, 
or  potassium  bichromate. 

Chloral. — i.  Chloral  hydrate  in  aqueous  solution  slowly 
undergoes  decomposition,  forming  traces  of  hydrochloric  acid. 
2.  An  aqueous  solution,  with  alkaline  hydrates,  alkaline  car- 
bonates, or  borax,  produces  chloroform  and  a  formate  of  the 
base.  3.  Chloral  hydrate  unites  with  ammonia  to  form 
chloral-ammonia  (Richter,  196).  Chloroform  is  also  produced 
and  the  mixture  becomes  brown.  4.  Mercuric  oxide  decom- 
poses chloral,  forming  COCl,,  carbon  monoxide,  and  carbon 


6o  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

dioxide  (M.  &  M.,  II.  4).  However,  a  mixture  of  these  with- 
or  without  water,  shows  no  apparent  change  for  several  hours. 
5.  Potassium  permanganate  oxidizes  it,  forming  chloroform, 
chlorine,  carbon  dioxide,  and  oxygen  (M.  &  M.,  II.  4).  6. 
Chloral  hydrate  unites  with  hydrocyanic  acid  to  form  chloral- 
hydrocyanate  (Richter,  196).  7.  With  potassium  cyanide 
it  forms  dichloracetic  acid  (M.  &  M.,  II.  4).  If  chloral  hy- 
drate and  potassium  cyanide  are  rubbed  together  dry  in  a 
mortar,  chemical  reaction  takes  place  with  almost  explosive 
violence,  and  a  large  amount  of  white  fumes  are  given  off, 
leaving  a  brown  mass.  If  the  two  are  powdered  separately 
and  mixed  lightly,  the  reaction  is  slower,  but  a  brown  mass 
finally  results.  8.  In  aqueous  solution  with  potassium  iodide 
chloral  hydrate  slowly  gives  chloroform  and  iodine  (M.  &  M., 
II.  2).  9.  With  alcohol  in  the  presence  of  water  and  certain 
soluble  salts,  as  potassium  or  sodium  bromide,  chloral  hydrate 
forms  chlorate  alcoholate,  which  may  separate  as  an  oily 
liquid.  Further  addition  of  alcohol  may  cause  the  liquids  to 
mix.  10.  Chloral  hydrate  in  concentrated  aqueous  solution 
is  a  good  solvent  for  resinous  matter.  It  also  dissolves 
morphine,  quiniae,  and  other  alkaloids  to  some  extent.  1 1. 
A  concentrated  aqueous  solution  of  chloral  hydrate  is  said  to 
be  a  good  solvent  for  starch,  and  on  adding  iodine  a  cherry- 
red  color  is  produced  instead  of  the  blue.  Experiments  made 
by  the  writer  always  gave  the  blue  color.  12.  Chloral  hydrate 
when  rubbed  hard  with  acetanilid  forms  a  slightly  damp 
powder.  It  increases  the  solubility  of  acetanilid  in  water. 
[See  ACETANILIDUM,  No.  8.]  13.  Camphor  forms  an  un- 
stable liquid  compound  when  rubbed  with  chloral  hydrate. 
14.  Chloral  hydrate  gives  a  product  varying  from  a  stiff  mass 
to  a  liquid  when  triturated  dry  with  about  an  equal  weight  of 
acetamid,  ammonol,  borneol,  monobromated  camphor,  car- 
bolic acid,  diuretin,  euphorin,  exalgin,  lead  acetate,  menthol, 
methacetin,  phenacetin,  pyrocatechin,  salocoll,  salol,  so- 
dium phosphate,  sulphonal,  thymol,  trional,  urea,  ure- 
thane,  benzamid,  or  quinine    sulphate.      With  antipyrin  it 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  6l 

gives  a  damp  powder,  which  sometimes  becomes  liquid  and 
sometimes  dry,  seeming  to  depend  on  the  condition  of  the 
atmosphere.  15.  The  physiological  antagonists  are  atropine, 
brucine,  caffeine,  codeine,  digitalis,  physostigmine,  picro- 
toxin,  strychnine,  and  thebaine. 

Chloral  Alcoliolate. —  i.  Chloral  alcoholate  is  decom- 
posed by  sulphuric  acid,  liberating  chloral  (M.  &  M.,  11.  4). 

2.  It  liquefies  or  gives  a  soft  mass  when  triturated  with 
acetamid,  acetanilid,  antipyrin,  borneol,  camphor,  mono- 
bromated camphor,  carbolic  acid,  diuretin,  euphorin,  ex- 
algin,  menthol,  methacetin,  pyrocatechin,  resorcin,  salol, 
thymol,  urea,  or  urethane. 

Cllloraliiiiid 1.  Chloralimid   is  comparatively  stable, 

not  being  affected  by  air,  light,  or  moisture  (N.  D.,  461).  2. 
It  is  decomposed  by  mineral  acids,  forming  the  corresponding 
ammonium  salt  and  chloral  (M.  M.  K.,  IV.  401). 

Chloralvini  Forinaiiiidatuin.  (Chloralamid.) — i. 
Chloral  formamid  is  decomposed  by  warm  water  or  by~ 
alkalies,  giving  chloral  hydrate  and  ammonium  formate  (N. 
D.,  461).  The  chloral  may  be  further  decomposed  by  the 
alkalies  into  chloroform  and  a  formate.  2.  It  reduces  silver 
nitrate. 

Chlorates. —  i .  Chlorates  are  liable  to  cause  an  explosion 
when  triturated  dry  or  heated  with  sulphur,  sulphides,  sul- 
phites, cyanides,  thiosulphates,  hypophosphites,  nitrites, 
reduced  iron,  amorphous  phosphorus,  iodine,  ammonium 
picrate,  tannic  acid,  or  subtances  containing  it,  gallic  acid, 
carbolic  acid,  oxalic  acid,  charcoal,  sugar,  honey,  glycerin, 
starch,  lycopodium,  salicylic  acid,  shellac,  and  many  other 
oxidizable  substances.  2.  Chlorates  with  sulphuric  acid  de- 
tonate or  explode,  forming  chlorine  peroxide  and  a  perchlorate. 

3.  With  hydrochloric  acid  chlorates  give  chlorine  and  oxides 
of  chlorine.  [See  Chlorum.]  4.  In  neutral  or  alkaline 
solutions  chlorates  do  not  usually  have  an  oxidizing  effect. 
5.  The  metallic  chlorates  are  soluble  in  water  and  are  gener- 
ally soluble  in  alcohol,  except  potassium. 


62  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

Chloricla.      [See  chlorides  under  AciDUM  Hydrochlo- 
RICUM.] 

Cliloruni. —  I.  Chlorine  with  a  solution  of  a  hydrate  of  a 
fixed  alkali  or  an  akaline  earth  forms  a  chloride  and  a  chlo- 
rate.     If  the  chlorine  is  added  short  of  saturation  a  hypochlo- 
rite is  formed.     2.   With  ammonia  water  chlorine  gives  am- 
monium chloride  and  a  little  nitrogen,  or  if  the  ammonia  is  in 
excess   a  little  chlorate.      If  chlorine  is  in  excess  explosive 
nitrogen  chloride  may    be  formed,      3.   With  some  salts  of 
ammonium  chlorine  is  liable  to  form  the  explosive  nitrogen 
chloride.     4.   Chlorine  precipitates  solutions  of  salts  of  lead, 
mercurous   mercury,  and  silver  as  chlorides.      5.    Chlorine 
water  after  standing  a  while  is  changed  to  hydrochloric  acid. 
'6.      Chlorine  is  a  strong  oxidizing  agent,  and  is  itself  reduced 
to  a  chloride  by  the  agents  which  it  oxidizes.      With  iodides 
it  forms  iodine  and  then  iodic  acid,  and  in  the  presence  of  an 
alkali  a  periodate.      7.   With  bromides  it  forms  bromine  and 
in   alkaline   mixtures  a  bromate.      8.   With  hypophosphites 
phosphates    are    formed.       9.     Sulphites    or    sulphides    are 
changed  to  sulphates.      10.  Mercurous,  arsenous  or  ferrous 
compounds  are  changed  to  mercuric,  arsenic,  or  ferric  com- 
pounds   in    acid  or  alkaline  mixtures.      11.  With  hydrogen 
dioxide  oxygen  is  liberated.     12.  Salicylic  acid  is  changed  to 
mono-  and  di-chloro-salicylic  acid  (M.  &  M.,  ill.  680).      13. 
Glycerin  is  converted  into  oxalic  acid  and  carbon  dioxide.     14. 
Chlorine  is  rapidly  absorbed  by  alcohol.      [See  ALCOHOL,  No. 
5.]      15.   Chlorine  bleaches  indigo,  litmus,  and  other  organic 
colors.      16.   It  oxidizes  nearly  all  organic  matter. 
Cliromates.     [See  Acidum  Chromicum.] 
Ciiiclioiia. —  I.    Cinchona  contains  a  sufficient   amount 
of  tannic   acid   to   make   its   preparations    incompatible   with 
many  metallic  salts  and  other  compounds.       [See  AciDUM 
Tanxicum.]      2.    The  tannic  acid  gives  a  color  varying  from 
brown  to  blackish  green  with  solutions  of  ferric  salts.    3.  The 
cinchona  alkaloids  in  solution  form   compounds  with  the  gen- 
eral alkaloidal  reagents,  which  compounds  are  nearly  insol- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  63 

uble  in  water,  but  soluble  in  alcohol.      [See  Alkaloids  and 
QUININA.] 

Citrates.     [See  Acidum  Citricum.] 

Cocaina. —  i.  Cocaine  is  precipitated  from  aqueous  solu- 
tions of  its  salts  by  the  reagents  that  usually  precipitate  alka- 
loids. [See  Alkaloids,  Nos.  2  and  3.]  2.  Cocaine  is  quite 
easily  decomposed  by  strong  acids,  strong  solutions  of  alkali 
hydrates,  or  by  hot  water,  forming  methyl  alcohol,  benzoic 
acid,  and  ecgonine.  3.  Mixed  with  calomel  in  the  presence 
of  moisture  cocaine  hydrochloride  turns  the  mixture  gray  or 
even  black,  due  probably  to  the  reduction  of  some  of  the  calo- 
mel to  metallic  mercury,  while  at  the  same  time  some  mercuric 
chloride  is  formed.  The  mercuric  chloride  then  combines  with 
the  alkaloid  to  form  a  compound  insoluble  in  water.  The  free 
alkaloid  cocaine  mixed  with  calomel  does  not  readily  darken, 
but  may  be  made  to  do  so  by  blowing  the  fumes  of  hydro- 
chloric acid  over  it.  4.  A  solution  of  cocaine  hydrochloride 
is  precipitated  by  a  solution  of  chromic  acid.  5.  Alcohol, 
amyl  nitrite,  caffeine,  chloral  hydrate,  digitalis,  and  mor- 
phine are  physiologically  antagonistic  to  cocaine. 

Codeiiia. —  i.  Codeine  in  aqueous  solution  is  not  pre- 
cipitated by  alkaline  carbonates,  bicarbonaces,  or  ammonium 
carbonate,  but  is  precipitated  by  most  of  the  other  alkaloidal 
reagents.  [See  Alkaloids,  Nos,  2  and  3.]  2.  Codeine  in 
aqueous  solution  gives  a  precipitate  with  solutions  of  salts  of 
iron,  lead,  copper,  and  some  other  metals  (N.  D.,515).  This 
is  probably  due  to  the  fact  that  it  is  quite  strongly  alkaline 
and  one  of  the  most  soluble  of  the  alkaloids.  3.  With  some 
ammonium  salts,  as  ammonium  cloride,  codeine  liberates  am- 
monia. 4.  If  codeine  is  added  to  a  solution  of  a  morphine 
salt  morphine  is  set  free  and  usually  precipitated.  5.  Nitric 
acid  gives  a  yellow  solution  with  codeine.  6.  Concentrated 
sulphuric  acid  with  nitric  acid  or  with  ferric  chloride  gives 
a  blue  color  with  codeine  (Sohn,  72). 

Colchicina. —  i.  Colchicine  is  darkened  by  exposure  to 
light.     2.    It  is  precipitated  from  aqueous  solution  by  most  of 


64  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

the  general  alkaloidal  reagents,  unless  the  solution  is  quite 
weak.  3.  Colchicine  is  readily  decomposed  by  strong  acids 
or  strong  solutions  of  alkalies,  forming  colchiceine,  4.  Most 
of  its  salts  are  decomposed  by  water  (M.  &  M.,  II.  234).  5. 
Nitric  acid  gives  a  blue  to  a  violet  color,  turning  brown  and 
then  yellow  (Sohn,  42).  6.  Acids  generally  give  a  yellow 
color. 

Collodiuni. — i.  Collodion  is  gelatinized  by  carbolic  acid 
(not  by  creosote).  Alcohol  renders  the  mass  more  fluid.  2. 
Water  separates  the  gun-cotton.      [See  Pvroxvlinum.] 

Coiiiiiicl. —  I.  Coniine  becomes  yellow  and  resinoid  on 
"keeping  and  gives  off  ammonia  (U.  S.  D.,  441).  2.  It  is  not 
precipitated  by  the  alkali  hydrates  or  carbonates,  but  is  by  the 
general  alkaloidal  reagents,  except  platinic  chloride.  [See 
Alkaloids.]  3.  Coniine  coagulates  albumin.  4.  It  precip- 
itates solutions  of  salts  of  aluminum,  copper,  zinc,  manga- 
nese, iron,  and  silver;  the  precipitate  with  silver  is  soluble  in 
excess  of  the  alkaloid  (U.  S.  D.,  441).  5.  It  forms  butyric 
acid  when  treated  with  most  oxidizing  agents,  6.  An  alco- 
holic solution  of  iodine  with  coniine  gives  a  brown  precipitate, 
which  afterwards  disappears,  and  the  liquid  becomes  colorless 
(M.  &  M.,  II.  246).  7.  Vapors  of  coniine  coming  in  contact 
with  those  of  hydrochloric  acid  give  white  fumes. 

Copaiba. —  i .  Copaiba,  with  the  hydrates  of  the  alkalies 
or  alkaline  earths,  forms  saponaceous  compounds,  in  which 
the  resin  acts  the  part  of  an  acid  (U.  S.  D.,  445).  2.  With 
one  sixteenth  of  its  weight  of  magnesia  which  has  been 
dampened  with  water,  the  resin  of  the  copaiba  combines 
slowly  to  form  a  solid  mass.  A  similar  change  is  produced 
by  calcium  hydrate  (U.  S.  D.,  445). 

Creosotvim. —  i.  Creosote  reduces  some  of  the  inor- 
ganic salts,  such  as  salts  of  silver,  gold,  and  copper,  to  the 
metallic  state.  2.  If  mixed  suddenly  or  triturated  dry  with 
strong  oxidizing  agents,  it  is  liable  to  cause  an  explosion.  3. 
It  precipitates  solutions  of  albumin  (not  gelatin  or  collodion) 
(N.  D.,  547).    4.  Creosote  with  solutions  of  ferric  salts  gives 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  65 

a  violet-blue  color,  changing  to  greenish  brown,  and,  unless  in 
very  dilute  solution,  a  brown  precipitate  is  formed.  An  alco- 
holic solution  of  creosote  with  an  alcoholic  solution  of  ferric 
chloride  gives  a  bluish-green  color  (U.  S.  D,,  450).  5.  Tritu- 
rated with  silver  oxide,  an  explosion  is  liable  to  take  place. 

6.  With  concentrated  nitric  acid  reddish  fumes  of  the  oxides 
of  nitrogen  are  given  off.  With  dilute  nitric  acid  a  brown 
resin  is  formed  (U.  S.  D.,  450).  7.  With  concentrated  sul- 
phuric acid  it  gives  a  red  color,  becoming  black  on  adding 
more  acid.  8.  Creosote  dissolves  a  large  number  of  metallic 
salts  and  reduces  some  of  them  to  the  metallic  condition  (U. 
S.  D.,  450- 

Creta  Pr?eparata.  [See  Calcium  and  Carbonates.] 
Ciipri  Suli>lias. —  i.  Copper  sulphate  is  precipitated  by 
the  fixed  alkali  hydrates  as  blue  copper  hydrate,  which  on 
standing  becomes  basic  and  black.  This  precipitation  is  more 
or  less  prevented  by  citrates,  tartrates,  salicylates,  sugar,  milk 
sugar,  glycerin  and  other  organic  substances.  A  solution  of 
copper  sulphate  and  acacia  is  gelatinized  by  the  alkali  hydrates. 
2.  Ammonia  water  precipitates  the  cupric  hydrate  and  in 
excess  dissolves  it,  forming  an  intense  blue  solution.  This 
solution  dissolves  cotton,  filter  paper,  and  other  forms  of  cellu- 
lose. 3.  Ammonfum  carbonate,  like  ammonia  water,  pre- 
cipitates the  copper  and  then  redissolves  it,  forming  a  blue 
solution.  4.  The  carbonates  of  the  fixed  alkalies  precipi- 
tate the  copper  as  a  basic  carbonate  of  variable  composition. 
5.  In  neutral  solutions  the  soluble  phosphates  give  a  blue- 
white  precipitate  of  copper  phosphate.  6.  Arsenites  in 
neutral  solution  give  a  green  precipitate  of  copper  arsenite. 

7.  Soluble  iodides  reduce  and  precipitate  copper  sulphate  as 
cuprous  iodide  (Cu,!,),  iodine  being  liberated.  8.  In  alkaline 
mixtures  cupric  compounds  are  reduced  to  cuprous  oxide 
by  arsenous   acid,   glucose,  and  many  organic    substances. 

9.  Copper    sulphate     coagulates    a    solution     of     albumin. 

10.  Tannic  acid  precipitates  a  solution  of  copper  sulphate, 
and  with  heat  reduces  the  copper.      11.   Sodium  salicylate 


66  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

with  copper  sulphate  in  solution  gives  a  green  color,  and  the 
copper  is  not  precipitated  from  dilute  solution  by  alkalies. 
12.  -Antipyrin  gives  a  green  color  to  a  solution  of  copper 
sulphate. 

Cyanida.     [See  Acidum  Hydrocyanicum.] 
Decocta. — The      incompatibilities    of     decoctions     are 
similar  to  those  of  infusions.      [See  InfuSA.] 

Digitalis. —  i.  Digitalin  is  precipitated  from  solutions 
by  tannic  acid  and  chloride  of  gold,  not  by  most  of  the 
other  alkaloidal  reagents  (Sohn,  49).  2.  With  nitric  acid 
digitalin  gives  at  first  a  colorless  solution,  changing  to  yellow 
or  green  (Sohn,  50). 

3.  Digitonin  is  precipitated  from  aqueous  solution  by 
ammonia,  tannic  acid,  or  lead  acetate  (Sohn,  50). 

4.  All  of  the  principles  of  digitalis  are  quite  easily  de- 
composed by  strong  acids  or  alkalies.  5.  The  substances 
that  are  incompatible  physiologically  are  aconite,  scoparin, 
strychnine,  muscarine,  chloral  hydrate,  and  nitroglycerin. 

Diuretiii. —  i.  Sodio-theobromine  salicylate  in  aqueous 
solution  is  strongly  alkaline,  and  is  decomposed  by  all  acids, 
even  the  carbon  dioxide  in  the  air,  with  precipitation  of 
theobromine  (M.  M.  R.,  iv.  401).  2.  Diuretin  is  incom- 
patible with  bicarbonates,  borates  and  phosphates  (M.  M. 
R.,  IV.  401).  3.  With  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride  it  gives 
a  blue-violet  color,  due  to  the  salicylate.  4.  Diuretin  forms 
a  liquid  or  soft  mass  when  rubbed  with  carbolic  acid  or 
chloral  hydrate.  With  bromal  hydrate,  pyrocatechin, 
chloral  alcoholate  or  pyrogallol  it  gives  a  stiff  mass  which 
dries.  5.  It  has  the  incompatibilities  of  salicylic  acid  and 
theobromine.  [See  AciDUM  Salicylicum  and  THEOBRO- 
MINE.] 

Elateriiiiim. —  i.  Elaterin  combines  with  the  alkali 
hydrates  to  form  compounds  soluble  in  water,  from  which 
solution  acids  precipitate  the  elaterin.  2.  It  is  precipitated 
from  alcoholic  solution  by  lead  acetate  and  silver  nitrate 
(Watts,  II.   373). 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  67 

Eniulsa. — Emulsions  are  broken  up  by  substances  which 
precipitate  the  emulsifying  agent.  [For  emulsions  made  with 
acacia  see  Acacia.] 

Ergota. — The  active  principles  of  ergot  are  generally 
precipitated  by  tannic  acid,  potassium  mercuric  iodide,  and 
some  of  the  general  alkaloidal  reagents. 

Eucalyptol. — Eucalyptol  is  oxidized  to  cineolic  acid  by 
potassium  permanganate  (M.  &  M.,  11.  526). 

Eug-eiiol.     [See  Oleum  Caryophylli.] 

Eupliorin.  (Phenyl  urethane.) — i.  Euphorin  liquefies 
when  triturated  with  antipyrin.  If  it  is  first  triturated  with 
sugar,  it  can  then  be  mixed  with  antipyrin  and  dispensed  as  a 
powder  (M.  M.  R.,  IV.  401).  2.  It  makes  a  liquid  or  soft 
mass  when  rubbed  with  antipyrin,  borneol,  bromal  hydrate, 
camphor,  monobromated  camphor,  carbolic  acid,  chloral 
alcoholate,  chloral  hydrate,  exalgin,  menthol,  pyrocatechin, 
resorcin,  salol,  thymol  or  urethane. 

Europlieii. —  i.  Europhen  yields  iodine  to  metallic 
salts  (Coblentz,  37).  2.  It  is  decomposed  by  heat,  light,  or 
water,  liberating  iodine  (N.  D.,  879).  4.  Alkali  hydrates 
and  carbonates  decompose  it.  5.  It  should  not  be  com- 
bined with  starch. 

Exalgin.  (Methyl  acetanilid.) — Exalgin  gives  a  liquid 
or  soft  mass  when  triturated  dry  with  bromal  hydrate,  butyl 
chloral  hydrate,  carbolic  acid,  chloral  alcoholate,  chloral 
hydrate,  euphorin,  menthol,  naphtol,  pyrocatechin,  pyro- 
gallol,  resorcin,  salicylic  acid,  salol,  thymol  or  urethane. 

Ferropyrin. — Alkali  hydrates,  carbonates,  or  bicarbo- 
nates  precipitate  ferric  hydrate  from  solutions  of  ferropyrin 
(Coblentz,  37). 

Ferri  Pliosphas  Solubilis. — i.  The  soluble  phos- 
phate of  iron,  being  made  by  mixing  solutions  of  ferric  citrate 
and  sodium  phosphate,  is  perhaps  a  mixture  of  ferric  phos- 
phate and  sodium  citrate,  or  it  is  more  probably  a  sodio-ferric 
citro-phosphate.  When  a  dilute  mineral  acid  other  than 
metaphosphoric  acid  is  added  the  sodium  citrate  or  the  sodio- 


68  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

ferric  citro-phosphate  is  broken  up  and  the  ferric  phosphate  is 
precipitated.  Strong  mineral  acids  may  redissolve  the  pre- 
cipitate. Metaphosphoric  (glacial  phosphoric)  acid  free  from 
orthophosphoric  acid  does  not  cause  precipitation.  2.  In 
aqueous  solution  the  soluble  phosphate  of  iron  is  precipi- 
tated by  sodium  or  potassium  hydrate  as  ferric  hydrate. 
Ammonium  hydrate  gives  a  reddish  color,  but  no  precipitate. 
[See  Ferricum  and  Acidum  Phosphoricum.] 

Ferri  Pyropliosplias  SoluMlis. —  i.  The  soluble 
pyrophosphate  of  iron  is  a  mixture  or  compound  similar  to 
the  soluble  phosphate  of  iron,  and  on  adding  a  dilute  mineral 
acid  the  ferric  pyrophosphate  is  thrown  out  of  solution. 
Strong  solutions  of  mineral  acids  may  redissolve  the  precipi- 
tate. Metaphosphoric  acid  free  from  orthophosphoric  acid 
does  not  cause  precipitation.  2.  The  red-brown  ferric  hydrate 
is  precipitated  from  aqueous  solutions  by  potassium  or 
sodium  hydrate.  3.  Ammonium  hydrate  turns  the  solu- 
tion red,  but  does  not  cause  precipitation.  [See  Ferricum 
and  pyrophosphoric  acid  under  AciDUM  PHOSPHORICUM.] 

Ferrosuni, —  i.  Ferrous  salts  are  quite  quickly  changed 
to  basic  ferric  compounds  on  being  exposed  to  the  air. 
Sugar,  glycerin,  and  organic  matter  in  general  retard  the 
oxidation.  2.  Ferrous  salts  in  aqueous  solution  are  precipi- 
tated to  some  extent  by  the  alkali  hydrates  as  the  white 
ferrous  hydrate,  quickly  changing  to  the  ferroso-ferric  hydrate, 
which  is  of  a  dirty  green  to  a  black  color.  This  precipitate 
ultimately  oxidizes  to  a  ferric  hydrate  or  oxide.  Ammonium 
chloride  or  sulphate,  soluble  citrates  or  tartrates,  sugar, 
glycerin  and  many  organic  compounds,  dissolve  the  ferrous 
hydrate  or  prevent  the  precipitation.  3.  The  soluble  carbon- 
ates precipitate  the  ferrous  carbonate,  white  if  purely  ferrous, 
but  quickly  becoming  green  and  ultimately  brown,  due  to  the 
formation  of  a  ferric  compound.  4.  The  soluble  phosphates 
precipitate  the  white  or  bluish-white  ferrous  phosphate. 
5.  With  nearly  neutral  solutions  borax  gives  a  white  pre- 
cipitate.    6.   The  soluble  sulphides  (not  hydrogen  sulphide) 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  69 

precipitate  the  black  ferrous  sulphide.  7.  Ferrocyanides 
precipitate  the  light  blue  ferrous  ferrocyanide.  8.  Ferricy- 
anides  precipitate  the  dark  blue  ferrous  ferricyanide.  9.  Tan- 
nic acid  with  strong  solutions  of  ferrous  salts  precipitates  the 
white  gelatinous  ferrous  tannate.  This  quickly  oxidizes, 
forming  the  nearly  black  ferric  tannate.  Ferrous  salts  usually 
contain  enough  of  a  ferric  salt  to  give  the  dark  color  at  once. 

10.  Gallic  acid  with  a  concentrated  solution  of  a  ferrous  salt 
gives  a  white  precipitate  which  soon  turns  dark,  due  to  the 
oxidation    of  the    iron    and    formation    of    the    ferric   gallate. 

1 1.  Ferrous  salts  in  solution  are  oxidized  to  ferric  compounds 
by  salts  of  gold  or  silver,  by  hydrogen  dioxide,  chromates, 
permanganates,  nitrous  or  nitric  acid,  chlorine  or  chlorates 
in  acid  solution,  bromine  or  bromates  in  acid  solution, 
iodates  in  acid  mixture,  mercuric  compounds  in  alkaline  mix- 
ture, arsenates  in  alkaline  mixtures,  and  by  oxygen  of  the 
air.  12.  The  alkaline  citrates  in  solution  modify  the  astrin- 
gent effects  of  ferrous  salts,  and  dissolve  many  of  the  salts 
not  soluble  in  water. 

Ferricuiu. —  i.  Ferric  salts  are  precipitated  from  their 
aqueous  solutions  by  the  alkali  hydrates  and  carbonates  as 
the  red-brown  ferric  hydrate.  This  precipitation  is  more  or 
less  prevented  by  the  presence  of  sugar,  glycerin,  citrates, 
tartrates,  and  other  organic  compounds.  2.  When  the  in- 
soluble carbonates  of  barium,  calcium,  magnesium,  and  cop- 
per are  added  to  solutions  of  ferric  salts  the  ferric  hydrate 
is  precipitated,  the  base  added  combining  with  the  acid  of  the 
ferric  salt.  3.  Borax  with  solutions  of  ferric  salts  gives  an 
insoluble  basic  borate  (Watts,  I.  530).  Sugar,  glycerin, 
citrates,  and  tartrates  prevent  or  retard  precipitation.  4. 
Solutions  of  the  alkali  phosphates  precipitate  from  neutral 
solutions  of  ferric  salts  the  white  ferric  phosphate,  the  pre- 
cipitation being  prevented  by  citrates,  tartrates,  and  consid- 
erable excess  of  free  acids.  5.  The  alkali  sulphides  precipi- 
tate the  black  ferrous  sulphide  after  reducing  the  ferric 
compound    to    ferrous    and    liberating  sulphur.       Hydrogen 


70 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


sulphide  reduces  ferric  to  ferrous  and  liberates  sulphur  but 
causes  no  precipitation  of  iron.  6.  Soluble  cyanides  pre- 
cipitate the  neutral  solutions  of  ferric  salts  as  ferric  hydrate 
with  evolution  of  hydrocyanic  acid.  7.  Ferrocyanides  with 
ferric  salts  give  the  blue  precipitate  of  ferric  ferrocyanide 
(Prussian  blue) ;  this  is  prevented  to  some  extent  by  citrates 
in  neutral  solutions.  8.  Ferricyanides  give  a  brown  solu- 
tion with  ferric  salts.  9.  With  solutions  of  ferric  salts  sul- 
phites give  a  red  solution  of  ferric  sulphite,  which  changes 
on  heating  or  standing  to  ferrous  sulphate  and  the  solution 
becomes  nearly  colorless.  10.  Phosphoric  acid  in  excess 
decolorizes  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride  by  forming  the  color- 
less terric  phosphate.  ii.  In  neutral  solutions  the  alkali 
hypophosphites  precipitate  ferric  salts  as  ferric  hypophos- 
phite,  but  in  acid  solutions  the  iron  is  reduced  to  the  ferrous 
condition  and  the  hypophosphite  is  oxidized  to  a  phosphate. 
12.  Hydriodic  acid  and  soluble  iodides  with  a  mineral  acid 
reduce  ferric  compounds  to  ferrous,  iodine  being  liberated 
and  precipitated  if  the  iodide  is  entirely  decomposed.  13. 
Arsenites  give  precipitates  of  basic  ferric  arsenite  with  solu- 
tions of  ferric  salts  if  they  are  not  too  strongly  acid.  The 
basic  ferric  arsenite  is  changed  to  some  extent  to  a  ferrous 
arsenate  (P.  &  J.,  118).  14.  The  of^cial  tannic  acid  gives 
a  blue-black  solution  or  precipitate  of  ferric  tannate.  Phos- 
phoric acid  in  excess  destroys  the  color  by  breaking  up  the 
compound  and  forming  the  colorless  ferric  phosphate.  Some 
tannic  acids  give  a  green-black  color.  With  the  exception  of 
gentian,  quassia,  columbo,  American  columbo,  chiretta,  and 
canella  nearly  all  drugs  contain  tannin.  15.  Gallic  acid  gives 
a  blue-black  color  with  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride.  [See 
AciDUM  Gallicum,  No.  7.]  16.  Acetates  give  a  deep  dull 
red  liquid  with  nearly  neutral  solutions  of  ferric  salts,  due  to 
the  formation  of  ferric  acetate.  This  solution  on  heating 
throws  down  a  precipitate  of  basic  ferric  acetate.  Acetic 
acid  does  not  increase  the  color  of  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride 
unless  the  iron  solution  is  quite  highly  diluted.      17.   Soluble 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


71 


benzoates  precipitate  nearly  neutral  solutions  of  ferric  salts 
as  ferric  benzoate  which  is  flesh-colored.  The  presence  of  an 
excess  of  free  acid  or  of  alkali  tartrate  interferes  or  prevents 
the  precipitation.  18.  With  solutions  of  the  salicylates  fer- 
ric salts  give  a  blue-violet  to  violet-red  solution ;  the  color  is 
destroyed  by  a  large  excess  of  a  mineral  acid.  In  concen- 
trated or  neutral  solutions  ferric  salicylate  may  be  precipi- 
tated. 19.  Carbolic  acid  with  concentrated  solutions  of 
ferric  chloride  gives  but  little  increase  in  color.  On  diluting 
with  water  the  solution  becomes  green  and  more  water 
changes  it  to  violet  blue.  20.  In  dilute  aqueous  solutions 
creosote  or  guaiacol  gives  with  ferric  chloride  a  violet-blue 
color  which  soon  changes  to  green  brown.  An  alcoholic 
solution  of  ferric  chloride  with  creosote  gives  blue  green.  21. 
Acetanilid  with  an  alcoholic  solution  of  ferric  chloride  gives 
a  red  color.  With  an  aqueous  solution  it  gives  no  color 
unless  heated,  and  then  the  color  fades  on  cooling.  If  the 
solution  is  heated  for  several  minutes  the  color  is  changed  to 
a  permanent  green.  22.  Antipyrin  gives  a  red  color  with  a 
solution  of  a  ferric  salt.  [See  Antipyrinum,  No.  3.]  23. 
Phenacetin  with  a  tincture  of  ferric  chloride  gives  a  deep 
red  solution.  24.  With  pyrocatechin  a  solution  of  ferric 
chloride  gives  a  green  color;  25.  with  pyrogallol  it  gives  a 
red;  26.  and  with  resorcin,  a  violet.  27.  An  alcoholic  solu- 
tion of  salol  gives  a  violet  color  with  a  tincture  of  iron,  but 
when  sufficient  water  is  added  the  color  is  destroyed  and  the 
salol  precipitated.  28.  Oil  of  wintergreen  gives  a  violet 
color  with  an  alcoholic  solution  of  ferric  chloride;  29.  oils  of 
cloves,  bay,  and  pimenta  give  a  blue  to  a  green ;  30.  oil  of 
cinnamon  gives  a  brown;  31.  oil  of  thyme  gives  a  green 
brown,  changing  to  red.  32.  An  alcoholic  solution  of  ferric 
chloride  gives  a  dark  brown-green  color  with  podophyllin; 
33.  with  aloin  it  gives  a  green  black  to  a  brown  black;  34. 
Avith  benzoin,  a  brown  to  green;  35.  with  gamboge,  a  black 
brown;  36.  with  asafoetida  or  storax,  a  green  brown;  27' 
with  myrrh,  a  red  brown;   38.  with  guaiac,  a  blue  to  brown; 


'J 2.  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

39.  with  balsam  of  Peru,  a  green  black ;  40,  with  balsam  of 
Tolu,  a  brown;  41.  and  with  shellac,  a  black.  42.  With  a 
nearly  neutral  aqueous  solution  of  ferric  chloride  morphine 
gives  a  blue  to  green  solution,  and  with  apomorphine  it  gives 
a  red  changing  to  a  black.  43.  Solutions  of  ferric  salts  gela- 
tinize mucilage  of  acacia.  [See  Acacia,  No.  2.]  44,  They 
coagulate  solutions  of  albumin. 

Ferruin  Reductuin. — i.  Reduced  iron  combines  with 
acids  to  form  salts.  2.  It  is  oxidized  by  moist  air.  3.  In 
the  presence  of  water  it  reduce's  to  the  metallic  condition  salts 
of  copper,  bismuth,  lead,  silver,  mercury,  and  antimony.  4. 
Triturated  dry  with  strong  oxidizing  agents,  such  as  potas- 
sium permanganate  or  potassium  chlorate,  it  is  liable  to 
cause  an  explosion.  5.  In  the  presence  of  water  iron  forms 
ferrous  iodide  with  iodine,  and  ferrous  bromide  with  bromine. 
6.  Iron  is  slowly  oxidized  to  a  hydrate  by  hydrogen  dioxide 
water. 

rormaldeliydiini.  (Formalin). —  i.  Formic  aldehyde 
in  solution  slowly  deposits  the  solid  crystalline  paraformalde- 
hyde which  is  a  condensation  product,  consisting  of  three 
molecules  of  formaldehyde  and  which  is  decomposed  by  high 
heat  changing  back  to  formaldehyde.  2.  Formic  aldehyde 
with  dilute  solutions  of  the  hydrates  of  the  fixed  alkalies  and 
alkaline  earths  is  converted  into  methylenenitan  and  for- 
mose  (Richter,  192).  Alkalies  convert  formaldehyde  into 
methyl  alcohol  and  a  formate  of  the  base  (Wade,  73).  For- 
maldehyde neutralizes  alkalies  but  does  not  form  true  salts 
(W.  D.,  XXI.  109).  3.  Ammonia  unites  to  form  hexameth}-- 
leneamine  (Richter,  192).  4.  Hydrogen  sulphide  precipi- 
tates it  as  trithiomethylene  (Richter,  192).  5.  Hydrogen 
dioxide  water  oxidizes  formic  aldehyde  to  formic  acid.  6. 
Formaldehyde  is  a  strong  reducing  agent,  reducing  salts  of 
gold  and  alkaline  solutions  of  salts  of  silver  and  copper.  7. 
It  coagulates  solutions  of  gelatin  and  renders  the  gelatin  in- 
soluble in  water  or  alkalies.  8.  With  alkaline  bisulphites  it 
is  said  to  be  incompatible  (M,  M.  R.,  iv.  401). 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


7S 


Galla.     [See  AciDUM  Tannicum.] 

Gallates.     [See  Acidum  Gallicum.] 

Gelatiniim. —  i.  Solutions  of  gelatin  are  coagulated  by 
tannic  acid,  picric  acid,  metaphosphoric  acid,  chlorine 
water,  mercuric  chloride,  platinum  chloride,  alumnol, 
alcohol,  or  formaldehyde.  Aqueous  solutions  are  not  pre- 
cipitated by  alum,  lead  acetate,  ferric  chloride,  dilute  acids, 
or  dilute  alkalies.  2.  Heating  an  aqueous  solution  of  gelatin 
for  some  time  renders  it  incapable  of  gelatinizing. 

Gloiioiiiuin. —  I.  Nitroglycerin  explodes  violently  on 
percussion.  2.  When  impure  it  gradually  decomposes,  form- 
ing glyceric,  oxalic,  and  nitrous  acids  and  the  gases  formed 
may  burst  the  container  (M.  &  M.,  II.  619).  3.  Alkalies 
or  their  carbonates  decompose  it  when  dissolved  in  alcohol, 
forming  a  nitrite,  nitrate,  acetate,  oxalate,  and  formate  (M. 
&  M.,  II.  619).  Alkalies  convert  it  into  glycerin  and  a  nitrate 
of  the  base  (Richter,  454). 

Glucosides. —  i.  Glucosides  are  decomposed  by  pro- 
longed contact  with  mineral  acids,  alkalies,  hot  water,  or 
ferments.  Some  glucosides  may  be  decomposed  by  one  of 
these  agents,  others  by  two  or  more  of  them.  One  of 
the  products  formed  is  glucose.  2.  Tannic  acid  or  lead 
subacetate  generally  precipitates  the  glucosides  from  their 
aqueous  solutions.  3.  The  glucosides  are  not  usually  pre- 
cipitated by  the  alkali  hydrates  or  carbonates  or  by  many  of 
the  general  alkaloidal  reagents.  4.  Many  of  them  give  color 
reactions  resembling  those  produced  by  the  alkaloids. 

Glycerinuiii. —  i.  Glycerin  with  borax  forms  glycerol 
borate  and  sodium  metaborate.  The  glycerol  borate  is  de- 
composed by  water,  forming  boric  acid  and  glycerin.  In 
consequence  of  the  formation  of  free  acid,  this  mixture  is 
incompatible  with  carbonates,  but  generally  compatible  with 
solutions  of  alkaloidal  salts  where  borax  alone  would  cause  a 
precipitation.  Glucose,  honey,  and  some  other  organic  com- 
pounds act  like  glycerin.  2.  Strong  nitric  acid  mixed  with 
concentrated  sulphuric  acid  converts  glycerin  into  the  explo- 


74  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

sive  nitroglycerin.  When  glycerin  is  carefully  treated  with 
nitric  acid,  it  is  converted  into  a  mixture  of  oxalic  acid, 
glyceric  acid,  and  other  organic  acids  (Allen,  II.  278). 
Warming  glycerin  with  dilute  nitric  acid  may  cause  a  violent 
reaction.  3.  Gently  heated  with  solid  potassium  hydrate 
glycerin  is  converted  into  potassium  acetate  and  formate 
(Allen,  II.  278).  4.  In  dilute  solutions  potassium  permanga- 
nate changes  glycerin  to  formic,  propionic,  and  tartronic 
acids  (M.  &  M.,  II.  618).  In  a  strongly  alkaline  solution 
oxalic  acid  and  carbon  dioxide  are  formed  (Allen,  II.  278). 
Manganese  dioxide  is  precipitated.  5.  Oxidizing  agents, 
as  chromates,  chlorinated  lime,  nitrohydrochloric  acid, 
hydrogen  dioxide,  or  manganese  dioxide  with  hydro- 
chloric acid,  convert  glycerin  into  oxalic  acid  and  carbon 
dioxide.  When  glycerin  is  rubbed  with  the  dry  oxidizing 
agents  explosion  is  liable  to  take  place.  6.  Concentrated 
sulphuric  acid  with  glycerin  forms  acrolein.  7.  Glycerin 
may  be  made  to  combine  with  several  organic  and  inorganic 
acids  (U.  S.  D.,  654).  8.  Glycerin  dissolves  alkalies, 
alkaline  earths,  and  many  metallic  oxides,  forming  in 
all  probability  compounds  similar  to  alcoholates  (Richter, 
453).  9.  Glycerin  prevents  to  some  extent  the  precipita- 
tion, by  alkali  hydrates  and  carbonates,  of  solutions  of  salts 
of  lead,  copper,  antimony,  aluminum,  chromium,  iron, 
zinc,  and  magnesium.  10.  It  dissolves  most  deliquescent 
salts  and  increases  the  solubility  of  many  inorganic  and 
organic  salts,  ii.  Glycerin  sometimes  precipitates  alkaloi- 
dal  salts  from  their  aqueous  or  acidulated  solutions  (U.  S. 
D.,  653).  12.  With  most  fixed  oils  it  does  not  mix  to 
form  clear  solutions.  13.  Glycerin  is  sometimes  contami- 
nated with  iron  from  the  container,  and  this  may  give  a 
color  with  carbolic  acid,  tannic  acid,  and  other  sub- 
stances. 

Glyeeritviin  Boroglycerini. — Glycerite  of  borogly- 
cerin  is  decomposed  by  water  and  the  boric  acid  liberated 
may  be  precipitated. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


75 


Glycyrrhiziiiuiii  Aiiimoniatum. — i.  Ammoniated 
■glycyrrhizin  in  aqueous  solution  is  decomposed  and  the 
glycyrrhizic  acid  precipitated  by  mineral  acids  ;  the  taste  is 
changed  from  sweet  to  somewhat  bitter,  2.  With  solutions 
of  salts  of  many  of  the  heavy  metals  it  gives  voluminous 
precipitates  (N.  D.,  789).  3.  Fixed  alkalies  liberate  am- 
monia from  it. 

Gviaiaci  Resina. —  i.  An  alcoholic  solution  of  the 
fresh  resin  of  guaiac  is  colored  blue  by  nitric  acid,  chromic 
acid,  chlorine,  potassium  ferricyanide,  potassium  per- 
manganate, ferric  chloride,  g^old  chloride,  ozone,  spirit 
of  nitrous  ether,  and  other  oxidizing  agents.  This  is  due 
to  the  action  on  the  guaiaconic  acid.  With  an  excess  of  the 
oxidizing  agent  the  color  is  changed  to  green  and  then  red. 
Continued  exposure  to  light  or  heat  deprives  the  guaiac  of 
the  property  of  being  colored  blue  by  oxidizing  agents.  2. 
Both  the  resin  and  the  tincture  turn  green  in  the  light. 
3.  Sulphuric  acid  dissolves  it,  forming  a  red  solution  with 
a  tinge  of  blue.  4.  Either  in  substance  or  in  tincture,  guaiac 
gives  a  blue  color  with  mucilage  of  acacia. 

Giiaiacoluni. —  i.  The  incompatibilities  of  guaiacol  are 
similar  to  creosote.  [See  Creosotum.]  2.  It  combines 
with  some  acids  to  form  crystalline  compounds.  3.  With 
ferric  chloride  it  gives  at  first  a  blue  color,  changing  to  green 
on  adding  more  ferric  chloride.  4.  It  reduces  a  few  salts,  a^ 
gold  chloride  and  silver  nitrate,  to  the  metallic  condition, 

Homatropina. — The  incompatibilities  are  similar  to 
atropine.      [See  Atropina.] 

Hydrargyri  Cliloricluni  Corrosivum. — i.  Mer- 
curic chloride  in  aqueous  solution  is  precipitated  by  solutions 
of  fixed  alkali  hydrates  or  lime  water.  The  precipitate 
is  the  orange-yellow  mercuric  oxide  if  the  hydrate  is  in 
excess,  or  if  the  mercuric  salt  is  in  excess  it  will  be  the  red- 
brown  basic  chloride  of  mercury.  The  precipitation  is  pre- 
vented to  some  extent  by  the  presence  of  citrates,  tartrates, 
glycerin,  sugar,  and  acacia  although  there  may  form  a  steel- 


76  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

gray  precipitate  in  a  few  days.  2.  Ammonium  hydrate 
gives  the  "white  precipitate,"  or  "  ammoniated  mercury," 
the  nitrogen  dihydrogen  mercuric  chloride.  3.  Ammonium 
carbonate  acts  like  ammonium  hydrate.  4.  Potassium 
carbonate  or  sodium  carbonate  precipitates  solutions  of 
mercuric  chloride  as  the  red-brown  oxychloride,  which  by 
excess  of  the  carbonate  with  heat  is  converted  into  the  yellow 
mercuric  oxide.  Citrates,  tartrates,  glycerin,  acacia,  and 
sugar  prevent  the  precipitation  to  some  extent.  5.  A  solu- 
tion of  mercuric  chloride  with  sodium  or  potassium  bicar- 
bonate gives  an  effervescence  and  a  white  precipitate.  If 
the  mercuric  salt  is  in  excess  the  precipitate  turns  to  a 
purplish  red  in  a  few  hours.  If  the  bicarbonate  is  in  excess 
the  precipitate  remains  white  for  some  time  but  may  ulti- 
mately change  to  the  purplish  red.  Various  oxychlorides  are 
formed  (M.  &  M.,  in.  217).  6.  Borax  precipitates  the  red- 
brown  basic  mercuric  chloride  (Watts,  I.  641).  7.  Hydrogen 
sulphide  and  the  alkali  sulphides  with  solutions  of  mercuric 
chloride  give  mercuric  sulphide.  The  precipitate  first  formed 
is  white  and  consists  of  the  union  of  mercuric  chloride  and 
mercuric  sulphide ;  by  further  addition  of  the  precipitating 
agent  the  black  mercuric  sulphide  is  formed  (P.  &  J.,  1 10).  S. 
The  soluble  iodides  precipitate  solutions  of  mercuric  chloride 
as  mercuric  iodide,  first  reddish  yellow,  becoming  red.  This 
precipitate  dissolves  in  excess  of  the  soluble  iodide  or  excess 
of  mercuric  chloride,  forming  double  compounds.  If  potas- 
sium idodide  has  been  used  in  excess,  the  double  compound 
is  approximately  represented  by  the  formula  (KI)jHglj.  A 
solution  of  this  double  salt  is  known  as  "  Mayer's  reagent" 
and  precipitates  nearly  all  alkaloids  from  solutions  of  their 
salts;  the  presence  of  alcohol  prevents  this  precipitation  to 
some  extent.  9.  The  soluble  bromides  precipitate  from 
concentrated  solutions  of  mercuric  salts  the  white  mercuric 
bromide,  which  is  soluble  in  excess  of  the  soluble  bromide  or 
in  excess  of  the  mercuric  salt  (P.  &  J.,  no).  Ordinarily  no 
trouble    is    experienced     in    combining    these.      10.    Soluble 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  -jy 

phosphates  precipitate  from  neutral  solutions  of  mercuric 
chloride  the  white  mercuric  phosphate.  1 1 .  Mercuric  chloride 
combines  with  the  chlorides  of  the  alkalies  to  form  double 
compounds.  12.  Hypophosphorous  acid  and  hypophos- 
phites  reduce  mercuric  chloride  to  mercurous  chloride  and 
finally  to  metallic  mercury.  13.  Sulphurous  acid  and 
soluble  sulphites  reduce  mercuric  chloride  to  mercurous 
chloride.  14.  Thiosulphates  added  to  a  solution  of  mer- 
curic chloride  give  a  white  precipitate,  then  yellow,  then 
black.  The  black  precipitate  is  sulphide  of  mercury.  15. 
Mercuric  chloride  is  reduced  by  metallic  copper,  zinc,  or 
iron,  in  the  presence  of  water,  to  calomel,  and  then  metallic 
mercury.  16.  Arsenites  in  alkaline  mixtures  reduce  mer- 
curic chloride  to  calomel  and  then  metallic  mercury,  and  are 
changed  to  arsenates.  17.  Tartar  emetic  reduces  corrosive 
sublimate  and  precipitates  it  as  calomel;  in  alkaline  mixtures 
metallic  mercury  is  formed.  18.  Ferrous  compounds  in 
alkaline  mixtures  with  mercuric  compounds  are  oxidized  to 
ferric  compounds,  and  reduce  mercuric  to  mercurous.  19.  If 
an  aqueous  solution  of  mercuric  chloride  is  exposed  to  light, 
hydrochloric  acid  is  gradually  liberated  and  calomel  precip- 
itated (N.  D.,  821).  20.  Alcohol  slowly  reduces  mercuric 
chloride  to  calomel  (M.  &  M,,  I.  98).  21.  According  to  some 
writers  corrosive  sublimate  is  slowly  reduced  to  calomel  by 
compound  syrup  of  sarsaparilla  and  by  honey  but  not 
by  pure  syrup;  the  precipitation  is  retarded  by  sodium 
chloride  (U.  S.  D.,  689).  22.  A  solution  of  albumin  is 
coagulated  by  mercuric  chloride ;  this  is  prevented  by  the 
presence  of  sodium  or  ammonium  chloride  23.  Mercuric 
chloride  precipitates  from  concentrated  aqueous  solutions 
nearly  all  alkaloidal  salts,  some  neutral  and  bitter  prin- 
ciples, some  glucosides,  antipyrin,  tannic  acid,  vegetable 
extractive  matter,  and  gelatin. 

Hydrargyri  Cliloriduiu  Mite. —  i.  Calomel  is  changed 
to  the  black  mercurous  oxide  by  a  solution  of  the  hydrates 
of  potassium,  sodium,  calcium,  or  barium.     2.   Solutions  of 


78  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

the  carbonates  of  the  fixed  alkalies  convert  calomel  into  a 
black  mass,  which  is  probably  a  mixture  of  the  basic  carbon- 
ate and  oxide.  3.  Calomel  with  ammonia  water  forms  the 
black  compound,  nitrogen  dihydrogen  dimercurous  chlo- 
ride. 4.  Ammonium  carbonate  acts  like  ammonia 
water.  5.  The  soluble  iodides  in  the  presence  of  water 
convert  calomel  into  yellow  mercurous  iodide,  which  is 
further  decomposed  by  an  excess  of  the  soluble  iodide,  form- 
ing metallic  mercury  and  mercuric  iodide.  This  mercuric 
iodide  combines  with  the  soluble  iodide  to  form  a  double 
compound  which  is  soluble  in  water.  The  presence  of  a  little 
metallic  mercury  gives  a  green  color  with  mercurous  iodide. 
The  color  becomes  more  gray  or  black  as  the  proportion  of 
metallic  mercury  increases  and  the  mercurous  iodide  decreases. 
6.  Soluble  bromides  act  similarly  to  soluble  iodides.  7.  Accord- 
ing to  M.  Mialhe,  calomel  is  in  part  converted  into  corrosive 
sublimate  and  metallic  mercury  by  ammonium,  potassium, 
or  sodium  chloride  at  the  temperature  of  the  body  (U.  S.  D., 
695).  A  number  of  other  experimenters  call  attention  to  the 
decomposition.  (See  Watts,  III.  896.  D.  C,  XLIII.  176. 
Proceedings  Kansas  Pharm.  Assoc,  for  1897.)  The  change 
seems  to  be  more  marked  in  the  presence  of  gastric  juice  or 
pancreatin.  O.  H.  Tansy  (in  Pharm.  Rundschau)  has  made 
experiments  to  prove  the  fallacy  of  the  belief  that  sodium 
chloride  and  calomel  are  incompatible.  Diekman  (in  Ph.  Era, 
XXII.  7)  made  experiments  showing  that  the  amount  of  mer- 
curic chloride  formed  in  the  test  tube  is  not  over  six  tenths 
per  cent,  of  the  calomel  taken,  and  consequently  not  enough 
to  explain  the  increased  action  which  the  mixture  sometimes 
seems  to  have  Prof.  Pouchet  claims  that  if  sodium  chloride 
is  capable  of  converting  calomel  then  it  will  be  necessary  to 
eliminate  all  of  the  sodium  chloride  in  the  system  before 
giving  a  dose  of  calomel.  Numerous  other  experimenters 
lend  their  support  to  the  belief  that  no  change,  or  but  very 
little,  takes  place,  and  some  bring  forward  clinical  results  to 
prove  their  point.      One  writer  says  that  the  exaggeration  of 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


79 


the  toxic  effect  of  calomel,  after  ingestion  of  salt  or  organic 
acids,  arises  from  the  fact  that  its  combination  with  albu- 
minoid substances  in  the  stomach  is  facilitated  and  will  yield 
products  much  more  soluble,  so  that  calomel  will  be  absorbed 
in  larger  amounts.  8.  Hydrocyanic  acid  and  soluble 
cyanides  in  aqueous  solution  convert  calomel  into  metal- 
lic mercury  and  mercuric  cyanide  and  chloride.  9.  Bicar- 
bonate of  sodium  with  calomel  produces  corrosive  sublimate 
very  slowly ;  the  change  does  not  take  place  within  four  to 
six  weeks  ordinarily  (Scoville,  229).  Whether  any  change 
takes  place  or  not,  calomel  is  more  frequently  given  with 
sodium  bicarbonate  than  without  it.  10.  Calomel  with 
alkali  sulphites  in  solution  separates  metallic  mercury,  and 
a  double  sulphite  of  the  alkali  and  mercury  goes  into  solution 
(M.  &  M.,  III.  216).  II.  Solutions  of  hydrogen  sulphide  or 
alkali  sulphides  convert  calomel  into  the  black  mercurous 
sulphide.  12.  Iodine  changes  calomel  into  mercuric  chlo- 
ride and  mercuric  iodide  in   the   presence  of  water  or  alcohol. 

13.  A  mixture  of  iodoform  and  calomel  exposed  to  light 
gives    red    mercuric   iodide  and  the  odor  of   iodoform  is  lost. 

14.  Exposed  to  sunlight  calomel  darkens,  due  to  the  separa- 
tion  of  metallic   mercury  ;    mercuric  chloride   is  also  formed. 

15.  Calomel  is  said  to  be  changed  to  metallic  mercury  and 
mercuric  chloride  by  heavy  trituration.  16.  Boiling  hydro- 
chloric acid  converts  calomel  into  mercuric  chloride  and 
metallic  mercury;  if  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  is  used,  no 
metallic  mercury  will  be  separated  (M.  &  M.,  ill.  216). 
17.  Calomel  is  reduced  to  metallic  mercury  by  nitrous  acid, 
spirit  of  nitrous  ether,  hypophosphorous  acid,  and  in  alka- 
line mixtures  by  arsenites  and  tartar  emetic.  18.  Mer- 
curous chloride  is  oxidized  to  mercuric  compounds  by  nitric 
and  nitrohydrochloric  acids,  chlorine,  bromine,  iodine, 
hydrogen  dioxide,  and  in  alkaline  mixtures  by  silver  salts. 
19.  Soap  is  generally  alkaline  and  darkens  calomel,  probably 
forming  an  oxide.  20.  Calomel  in  the  presence  of  moisture 
is   darkened   by  certain  alkaloids,  such  as  cocaine  or  pilocar- 


8o  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

pine.  The  darkening  is  due  to  the  formation  of  metallic  mer- 
cury, while  at  the  same  time  some  mercuric  chloride  is  formed, 
which  combines  with  the  alkaloid.  21.  Calomel  is  slowly 
turned  dark  in  the  presence  of  moisture  by  antipyrin,  but  at 
once  when  sodium  bicarbonate  is  mixed  with  it.  Metallic 
mercury  and  a  mercuric  compound  is  formed.  22.  Calomel 
is  said  to  be  changed  to  metallic  mercury  and  mercuric  chlo- 
ride by  cane-sugar  even  in  the  absence  of  moisture.  Con- 
siderable time  is  required  for  the  change.  Milk-sugar  gives 
the  reaction  more  quickly.  Acacia  and  tragacanth  have 
similar  properties  but  in  a  lesser  degree. 

Hydrargyri  Cyaiiiduni. — Mercuric  cyanide,  so  far  as 
the  base  is  concerned,  has  incompatibilities  similar  to  mer- 
curic chloride,  except  that  aqueous  solutions  are  not  precipi- 
tated by  alkali  hydrates  or  iodides  on  account  of  the  formation 
of  soluble  double  compounds.  [See  Hydrargyri  Chlori- 
DUM  Corrosivum  and  AciDUM  Hydrocyanicum.] 

Hydrargyri  lodiduni  Flavum. —  i.  Mercurous  iodide 
is  rapidly  darkened  by  the  light,  particularly  in  the  presence 
of  moisture.  The  darkening  is  in  proportion  to  the  decom- 
position into  mercuric  iodide  and  mercury.  2.  With  solutions 
of  iodides  mercurous  iodide  is  decomposed,  forming  mer- 
curic iodide  and  mercury.  [See  Hydrargyri  Chloridum 
Mite,  No.  5.]  3.  Mercurous  iodide  is  reduced  and  oxidized 
by  the  same  reagents  that  reduce  and  oxidize  calomel. 

Hydrargyri  lodidum  Rulbriini. — i.  Mercuric  iodide 
is  decomposed  by  solutions  of  fixed  alkali  hydrates,  form- 
ing the  yellow  mercuric  oxide  and  a  soluble  double  iodide  of 
the  alkali  and  mercury.  2.  Lime,  sodium  carbonate,  and 
potassium  carbonate  do  not  decompose  mercuric  iodide  in 
the  presence  of  water,  but  do  in  the  presence  of  alcohol 
(M.  &  M.,  III.  220).  3.  With  soluble  iodides  it  forms  solu- 
ble double  compounds.  4.  The  incompatibilities  are  quite 
similar  to  those  of  mercuric  chloride.  5.  A  solution  of 
sodium  thiosulphate  dissolves  mercuric  iodide. 

Hydrargyri  Oxiduni   Flaviiin. —  i.    Mercuric    oxide 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  8 1 

-combines  with  most  acids  to  form  salts.  2.  With  mercuric 
chloride  in  solution  it  forms  the  red-brown  oxychloride. 
3.  Mercuric  oxide  darkens  in  the  light,  forming  mercury  and 
oxygen  (M,  &  M.,  ill.  222).  4.  Mercuric  oxide  precipitates 
bases  from  solutions  of  their  chlorides  but  not  from  oxysalts 
(M.  &  M.,  III.  909). 

Hydrargyri  Subsvilphas  Flaviis.  —  i.  Turpeth  min- 
eral dissolves  readily  in  sulphuric,  nitric,  or  hydrochloric 
acid.  2.  Solutions  of  fixed  alkali  hydrates  decompose  tur- 
peth mineral,  forming  mercuric  oxide  and  the  sulphate  of  the 
alkali. 

Hydrargyriiin  Ainiiioniatuin. —  i.  White  precipitate 
is  decomposed  by  solutions  of  the  fixed  alkali  hydrates  or 
lime  water,  liberating  ammonia  and  forming  the  yellow 
mercuroxy-ammonium  chloride  (M.  &  M.,  III.  208).  2.  Water 
decomposes  it  slowly,  forming  mercuroxy-ammonium  chlo- 
ride and  ammonium  chloride  (M.  &.  M.,  III.  208).  3.  When 
ammoniated  mercury  is  triturated  with  iodine,  the  mixture 
will  pufT  up  after  a  time  from  the  spontaneous  decomposition 
of  nitrogen  iodide  formed  in  it ;  but  in  the  presence  of  alco- 
hol the  decomposition  takes  place  suddenly  and  with  violent 
explosion  (N,  D.,  847).  4.  Bromine  or  chlorine  causes  the 
evolution  of  hydrogen  and  the  formation  of  mercuric  bromide 
or  mercuric  chloride  (M.  &  M.,  III.  208).  5,  Ammoniated 
mercury  is  dissolved  by  a  solution  of  sodium  thiosulphate 
in  the  cold,  evolving  ammonia;  if  heat  is  applied  mercuric 
sulphide  is  formed  (N,  D,,  846). 

Hydrates,  Fixed  Alkali. —  i.  The  fixed  alkali  hydrates 
are  the  hydrates  of  sodium  and  potassium.  In  aqueous  solu- 
tion they  combine  with  acids  to  form  salts.  2.  Exposed  to 
the  air  they  absorb  carbon  dioxide.  3.  In  the  presence  of 
water  and  heat  they  liberate  ammonium  from  its  compounds. 
4.  They  precipitate  solutions  of  salts  of  all  other  common 
metals  and  the  precipitate  is  a  hydrate,  except  in  case  of 
silver,  mercury,  and  antimony,  in  which  cases  it  is  an  oxide. 
The    precipitation    is    prevented    or    hindered    with   salts   of 


%%^G 


82  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

mercury,  lead,  copper,  antimony,  aluminum,  chromium, 
iron,  zinc,  and  calcium,  by  the  presence  of  sugar,  glycerin, 
acacia,  citrates,  tartrates,  and  other  organic  matter.  5.  Calo- 
mel is  turned  black,  due  to  the  formation  of  mercurous  oxide. 
6.  Gallic  acid  combines  with  the  hydrates,  forming  com- 
pounds that  vary  in  color  from  a  green  to  a  yellow  or  brown. 
[See  AciDUM  Gallicum,  Nos,  i  and  2.]  7.  Tannic  acid 
combines  with  the  hydrates,  giving  various  colors  on  stand- 
ing. .[See  AciDUM  Tannicum,  No.  2.]  8.  Potassium 
hydrate  with  a  concentrated  solution  of  tartaric  acid  gives  a 
precipitate  of  cream  of  tartar.  9.  Chloral  hydrate  is  decom- 
posed by  the  alkali  hydrates,  giving  chloroform  and  a  formate 
of  the  base.  10.  The  alkali  hydrates  precipitate  nearly  all 
of  the  alkaloids  from  aqueous  solution  of  their  salts,  the 
precipitate  being  the  free  alkaloid.  In  some  cases  the  pre- 
cipitate is  soluble  in  excess  of  the  hydrate.  The  precipita- 
tion is  sometimes  prevented  by  alcohol  which  is  a  solvent, 
for  the  alkaloids,  ii.  They  decompose  some  of  the  alka- 
loids, such  as  atropine,  hyoscyamine,  cocaine,  and  aconitine, 
when  left  in  contact  for  some  time,  or  more  quickly  when 
heated.  12.  Alkali  hydrates  decompose  many  of  the  gluco- 
sides  when  warmed  with  them.  13.  They  dissolve  some 
principles,  as  santonin  and  cantharidin.  14.  With  fats  and 
fixed  oils  they  form  glycerin  and  a  salt  (soap)  of  the  fat  acid. 
15.  With  resins  they  form  resin  soaps.  16.  They  decompose 
some  substances  like  salol  and  oil  of  wintergreen.  [See 
Alkalies.] 

Hydrate,  Volatile  Alkali. — Ammonium  hydrate  is 
the  only  common  volatile  alkali.  i.  Ammonia  combines 
with  acids  to  form  salts.  2.  It  precipitates  solutions  of  salts 
of  lead,  silver,  mercury,  bismuth,  tin,  antimony,  copper, 
cadmium,  iron,  aluminum,  chromium,  cobalt,  nickel,  man- 
ganese, and  zinc.  The  precipitate  is  a  hydrate,  except  in 
case  of  silver  and  antimony,  when  it  is  an  oxide ;  in  case  of 
lead,  it  is  a  basic  salt ;  in  case  of  mercurous  salts,  the  precipi- 
tate is  a  black  double  compound ;   and  in  case  of  mercuric 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  83 

salts,  the  precipitate  is  a  white  double  compound.  The  pre- 
cipitation many  times  is  prevented  or  hindered  by  sugar, 
glycerin,  acacia,  citrates,  tartrates,  andiOther  organic  matter. 
3.  A  solution  of  corrosive  sublimate  is  precipitated  by  ammo- 
nia, giving  ammoniated  mercury  (NH^HgCl).  4.  Calomel  is 
converted  into  a  black  compound,  nitrogen  dihydrogen  dimer- 
curous  chloride  (NHjHg.Cl).  5.  With  chlorine  ammonia 
forms  ammonium  chloride  and  nitrogen.  If  a  larger  pro- 
portion of  chlorine  gas  is  used,  the  ammonium  chloride  may 
be  decomposed,  forming  hydrochloric  acid  and  nitrogen.  If 
a  still  larger  proportion  of  chlorine  gas  is  used,  the  ammo- 
nium chloride  may  be  decomposed  into  hydrochloric  acid  and 
explosive  nitrogen  chloride  (P.  &  J.,  24).  6.  Bromine  acts 
somewhat  like  chlorine.  7.  With  iodine  ammonium  hydrate 
may  under  certain  circumstances  form  ammonium  iodide, 
ammonium  iodate,  and  water;  under  different  circumstances 
ammonium  iodide  and  the  explosive  iodide  of  nitrogen  are 
formed  (P.  &  J.,  24).  [See  lODUM,  No.  2.]  8.  Permanga- 
nates oxidize  ammonium  hydrate  to  a  nitrate.  9.  With 
carbolic  acid  ammonia  gives  at  first  a  colorless  solution, 
which  slowly  becomes  green,  then  deep  blue,  and  finally 
purplish  blue.  10.  With  carbolic  acid  and  sodium  hypo- 
chlorite ammonia  produces  a  deep  blue  color.  11.  With  a 
concentrated  solution  of  tartaric  acid  ammonia  gives  a  pre- 
cipitate of  ammonium  bitartrate.  12.  In  concentrated  solu- 
tions of  picric  acid  ammonia  gives  a  precipitate.  13.  Gallic 
acid  gives  a  yellow  to  a  red-brown  color  with  ammonia  water. 
14.  Chloral  hydrate  is  decomposed,  giving  chloroform  and  a 
formate  of  ammonium  or  chloral-ammonia.  15.  Ammonia 
added  to  an  alcoholic  solution  of  thymol  slowly  gives  a  green 
color.  16.  It  precipitates  nearly  all  alkaloids  from  aqueous 
solutions  of  their  salts.  The  precipitate  is  the  free  alkaloid, 
and  is  sometimes  soluble  in  a  large  excess  of  ammonia.  [See 
Alkalies.] 

Hydrogenii   Dioxidum.       [See  Aqua  Hydrogenii 

DiOXIDI.] 


•84  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

Hyclroqviiiione. —  i.  Hydroquinone  is  oxidized  to  qui- 
none  by  ferric  chloride,  chlorine,  dilute  nitric  acid,  and 
chromic  acid  (M,  &  M.,  ii.  730).  2.  Strong  nitric  acid  oxi- 
dizes it  to  oxalic  acid  (M.  &  M.,  11.  730).  3.  An  aqueous 
solution  turns  brown  in  the  air,  more  quickly  in  the  presence 
of  an  alkali.  4.  A  strong  aqueous  solution  is  precipitated  by 
ferric  chloride,  soluble  in  excess  of  the  latter  (M.  &  M., 
II.  730). 

Hyoscyaniiiia. —  i.  Hyoscyamine  is  converted  into  atro- 
pine by  heating  to  248°  F.,  or  above  its  melting  point, 
for  five  or  six  hours.  2.  It  is  not  precipitated  by  bicarbon- 
ates  or  ammonium  carbonate,  except  from  concentrated 
solutions.  3.  It  is  easily  decomposed  by  warming  with 
alkalies  or  water.  4.  It  has  about  the  same  incompatibili- 
ties as  atropine.      [See  Atropina.] 

Hyoscyamvis.     [See  Atropina.] 

Hypochlorites. —  i.  The  more  common  hypochlorites 
are  found  in  the  form  of  chlorinated  lime,  solution  of  chlori- 
nated soda,  and  solution  of  chlorinated  potassa.  2.  Hypo- 
chlorites are  decomposed  by  all  acids  at  the  ordinary  tem- 
perature with  liberation  of  chlorine.  Consequently  hypo- 
chlorites are  strong  oxidizing  agents  and  have  in  general  the 
same  effect  as  chlorine.  [See  Chlorum.]  3.  The  hypo- 
chlorites are  soluble  in  water,  but  insoluble  in  alcohol.  4. 
Care  should  be  used  in  mixing  hypochlorites  with  readily 
oxidizable  substances  to  avoid  explosion  or  violent  reaction. 
5.  They  bleach  vegetable  colors.      [See  Calx  Chlorata.] 

Hypophosphites.      [See   Acidum     Hypophosphoro- 

^SUM.] 

Hyposulphites.  [See  SODii  Thiosulphas.] 
Ichthyol. —  I.  Acids  combine  with  the  ammonia  and 
precipitate  the  ichthyolsulphonic  acid  as  a  dark  resinous  mass 
which  adheres  to  the  sides  of  the  vessel.  2.  Alkaline 
hydrates  or  carbonates  liberate  ammonia.  3.  Ferric  salts 
in  solution  with  ichthyol  form  compounds  of  iron  and  ichthyol, 
while   at    the   same   time    a  partial   oxidation    of    ichthyol   is 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  85 

larought  about  by  the  ferric  salt.  Ferrous  salts  precipitate 
the  sulpho-ichthyolate  of  iron  (Am.  D.,  XXVII,  364).  4. 
Potassium  mercuric  iodide  precipitates  it.  5.  It  is  slowly 
precipitated  by  mercuric  chloride.  6.  Ichthyol  precipitates 
alkaloids  from  solutions  of  their  salts,  forming  a  sticky  resin- 
ous mass.  7.  It  is  soluble  in  water,  only  partially  soluble  in 
alcohol  or  ether,  but  soluble  in  a  mixture  of  the  last  two. 

Iiifusa. —  I.  Infusions  generally  contain  some  tannic 
acid,  albuminous  and  extractive  matters,  which  are  precipi- 
tated by  many  of  the  metallic  salts,  such  as  mercuric  chlo- 
ride, lead  acetate,  silver  nitrate,  tartar  emetic,  or  ferric 
chloride.  2.  When  the  tannic  acid  is  present  in  considerable 
amount,  infusions  are  incompatible  with  alkaloidal  salts, 
because  of  the  formation  of  the  insoluble  alkaloidal  tannate. 
3.  Many  of  the  infusions  are  decolorized  by  a  solution  of 
lead  subacetate  or  by  aluminum  hydrate.  4.  Infusions 
should  not  be  mixed  with  alcoholic  solutions  of  substances 
insoluble  in  water. 

lodates. — i.  lodates  sometimes  occur  as  impurities  in 
iodides,  and  in  such  cases  they  liberate  iodine  when  brought 
in  contact  with  acids.  2.  lodates  in  solution  with  a  dilute 
mineral  acid  are  reduced  to  iodine  by  hypophosphites, 
iodides,  bromides,  nitrites,  arsenous  acid,  ferrous  com- 
pounds, and  morphine. 

loclida.     [See  Acidum  Hydriodicum.] 

locloforuin. —  i.  Iodoform  heated  with  a  solution  of  an 
alkali  hydrate  gives  an  iodide  and  a  formate.  2.  Silver 
nitrate  in  solution  decomposes  iodoform,  producing  silver 
iodide,  nitric  acid,  and  carbon  monoxide  (M.  &  M.,  III.  33). 
Triturated  dry  with  silver  nitrate,  violent  reaction  takes  place 
with  the  formation  of  silver  iodide,  carbon  dioxide,  and 
nitrogen  tetroxide  (Ph.  E.,  viii.  302).  3.  The  color  of  a 
mixture  of  calomel  and  iodoform  is  yellow,  but  when  it  is 
-exposed  to  light  the  color  changes  to  red,  due  to  the  forma- 
tion of  the  red  iodide  of  mercury.  Perhaps  some  chloroform 
is  also  produced.      4.    When  gently  heated  with  yellow  mer- 


86  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

curie  oxide  iodoform  is  decomposed,  giving  carbon  monox- 
ide, formic  acid,  mercuric  iodide,  and  water  (M.  &  M.,  ill, 
33).  5.  Exposed  to  direct  sunlight,  iodoform  is  completely^ 
oxidized  by  the  air,  forming  carbon  dioxide,  iodine,  and 
water  (M,  &  M.,  in.  33).  6.  Iodoform  in  solution  or  mixed 
with  a  fatty  substance  decomposes  in  the  light,  forming 
iodine  and  methyl  iodide  (M.  &  M.,  Ill,  33).  For  a  time 
the  iodine  will  be  taken  up  by  the  fatty  matter  (unless  it  is 
petrolatum),  forming  colorless  addition  products  (M.  M.  R., 
IX.  1 14).  7.  Iodoform  with  hydrogen  dioxide  water  seems 
not  to  be  readily  affected,  but  when  in  solution  with  ether 
hydrogen  dioxide  liberates  iodine.  8.  Tannin  slowly  deodor- 
izes and  decomposes  iodoform.  9.  Balsam  of  Peru  deodor- 
izes it  and  forms  a  compound  with  it  (U.  S.  D.,  741). 

lodol. — lodol  remains  unchanged  when  heated  below 
100  C.  (N.  D.,  879). 

lodoplienacetiii.  (lodophinin.) — i.  Water  decomposes 
iodophenacetin,  liberating  iodine  (M,  M.  R.,  IV.  359).  2.  Alka- 
lies abstract  iodine,  regenerating  phenacetin  (M.  M.  R.,  IV. 
359).  3.  It  should  not  be  mixed  with  substances  having  a 
strong  affinity  for  iodine. 

loduiii. — I.  In  aqueous  solution  fixed  alkali  hydrates 
or  carbonates  decolorize  iodine,  forming  soluble  iodides 
and  iodates.  2.  Iodine  with  ammonia  water  slowly 
becomes  colorless,  forming  chiefly  ammonium  iodide, 
with  some  ammonium  iodate.  There  is  a  liability  of 
there  being  precipitated  a  dark-brown  powder,  the  "iodide 
of  nitrogen,"  which  when  dry  is  easily  and  violently 
explosive.  Explosive  compounds  of  nitrogen  and  iodine 
may  also  be  formed  by  mixing  alcoholic  solutions  of  am- 
monia and  iodine;  by  adding  a  solution  of  chlorinated  lime 
(neutralized  by  acetic  acid)  to  an  aqueous  solution  of  ammo- 
nium iodide;  by  adding  ammonia  to  a  mixture  of  hydro- 
chloric acid  and  iodic  acid;  by  the  action  of  nitrogen 
chloride  on  an  aqueous  solution  of  potassium  iodide;  or  by 
adding  an   alcoholic   solution   of  iodine  to  ammoniated  mer- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  87 

cury.  Analyses  of  the  products  of  these  reactions  seem  to 
show  that  at  least  three  different  explosive  compounds  are 
formed,  differing  in  the  number  of  hydrogen  atoms  replaced 
by  the  iodine  (M.  &  M.,  iii.  560).  3.  Nitric  acid  slowly 
oxidizes  iodine  to  iodic  acid.  4.  Hypophosphites  are 
•changed  to  phosphates,  and  the  iodine  is  reduced  to  an 
iodide.  5.  Hydrogen  sulphide  forms  hydriodic  acid  and 
sulphur.  6.  Thiosulphates  form  sulphates  and  an  iodide. 
7.  Sulphites  form  sulphates  and  an  iodide.  8.  Chlorine 
forms  iodic  and  hydrochloric  acids,  and  in  the  presence  of 
potassium  hydroxide  a  periodate.  9.  Chlorates  in  the  pres- 
ence of  an  acid  form  chlorides  and  iodic  acid.  10.  Bromine 
in  the  presence  of  an  alkali  hydroxide  forms  a  bromide  and 
an  iodate.  11.  Iodine  changes  mercurous  compounds  either 
in  acid  or  alkaline  mixtures  to  mercuric  compounds,  and  the 
iodine  is  reduced  to  an  iodide.  12.  Iodine  combines  directly 
with  metallic  mercury,  forming  mercurous  iodide  and  then 
mercuric  iodide.  13.  Iodine  with  ammoniated  mercury 
sometimes  forms  the  explosive  iodide  of  nitrogen.  14.  In 
the  presence  of  water  iodine  combines  with  metallic  iron  to 
form  ferrous  iodide.  15.  In  the  presence  of  an  alkali  iodine 
changes  ferrous  compound  to  ferric  and  antimonious  to 
antimonic.  16.  Arsenous  compounds  are  changed  to  arsenic 
by  iodine  in  the  presence  of  an  alkali.  17.  Iodine  with  lime 
and  water  forms  a  bleaching  mixture.  18.  Iodine  combines 
with  most  metals  and  with  many  non-metals,  such  as  chlorine, 
l>romine,  phosphorus,  or  arsenic-  19.  With  iodine  in  a 
concentrated  solution  potassium  cyanide  forms  potassium 
iodide  and  iodide  of  cyanogen  (M.  &  M.,  II.  342).  20. 
Iodine  reacts  with  tannic  acid  and  water.  [See  AciDUM 
Tannicum,  No.  12.]  21.  Iodine  when  heated  with  camphor 
■gives  hydriodic  acid,  cymene,  carvacrol,  laurine,  and  other 
bodies  (R.  &  S.,  III.,  part  v.  427).  22.  Iodine  with  alcohol 
heated  with  a  fixed  alkali  yields  iodoform.  23.  Starch  and 
preparations  containing  it  are  turned  blue  by  iodine.  If  a 
larger  amount  of  iodine  is  present,  the  color  will  be  violet ;  and 


88  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

if  a  still  larger  amount  be  added,  the  color  changes  to  blue 
green.  By  heating  the  iodized  starch  to  a  temperature  of  70° 
to  80°  C.  the  color  is  destroyed,  but  on  cooling  it  again 
assumes  its  blue  color  (P.  &  J.,  265).  24.  Iodine  bleaches 
litmus  and  other  vegetable  colors.  25.  It  combines  with 
many  of  the  fixed  oils  to  form  additive  compounds.  26.  It 
combines  with  many  volatile  oils,  and  in  some  cases,  as  with 
turpentine,  it  acts  with  almost  explosive  violence.  27.  In 
solution  iodine  slowly  forms  hydriodic  acid.  A  freshly  pre- 
pared tincture  of  iodine  is  precipitated  by  water,  but  an  old 
tincture  may  not  be,  owing  to  the  presence  of  the  hydriodic 
acid.  28.  Iodine,  either  in  alcoholic  solution  or  dissolved  in 
an  aqueous  solution  of  potassium  iodide,  precipitates  nearly 
all  alkaloids  from  aqueous  solutions  of  their  salts.  A  large 
amount  of  alcohol  present  may  prevent  the  precipitation. 
The  precipitates  from  water  are  generally  red  brown  and 
amorphous.  Caffeine  and  theobromine  in  dilute  solutions 
are  not   precipitated   by  iodine. 

Liquor  Acicli  Arsenosi. — This  solution  contains  free 
arsenous  and  hydrochloric  acids.  [See  AciDUM  Arsenosum 
and  AciDUM  Hydrochloricum.] 

Liquor  Amiuonii  Acetatis. — Solution  of  ammonium 
acetate  sometimes  contains  ammonium  carbonate  or  free 
acetic  acid.  [See  CARBONATES,  AMMONIUM,  and  AciDUM 
ACETICUM.] 

Liquor  Arseiii  et  Hydrargyri  lodidi. —  i.  Dono- 
van's  solution  precipitates  nearly  all  alkaloids  from  aqueous, 
solutions  of  their  salts.  2.  Alkali  hydrates  precipitate  the 
mercury  as  the  oxide.  3.  Silver  nitrate  is  precipitated  as 
silver  iodide.  [See  AciDUM  Arsenosum,  Acidum  Hydro- 
chloricum, and  Hydrargyri  Chloridum  Corrosivum.] 

Liquor  Calcis. —  i.  Lime  water  forms  insoluble  com- 
pounds with  tannic,  tartaric,  gallic,  citric,  and  oxalic  acids. 
The  compounds  are  generally  more  soluble  in  cold  water  than 
in  hot.  2.  Heat  tends  to  throw  the  calcium  hydrate  out  of 
solution.      3.   Lime  water  has  all  of  the   incompatibilities  of 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  89 

the  fixed  alkali  hydrates  and  of  the  calcium  salts.  [See 
Hydrates,  Fixed  Alkali,  and  Calcium.] 

Liquor  Ferri  Cliloridi.  [See  Ferricum  and 
ACIDUM  Hydrochloricum.] 

Liquor  Ferri  Dialysati. — i.  Many  organic  acids, 
the  alkali  hydrates  and  carbonates,  some  salts,  and  acacia 
precipitate  or  gelatinize  the  solution  of  dialysed  iron.  2.  It 
combines  with  Fowler's  solution,  precipitating  the  arsenic 
combined  with  ferric  hydrate. 

Liquor  Ferri  et  Amnionii  Acetatis.  [See  Ferri- 
cum, Ammonium,  and  Aciuum  Aceticum.] 

Liquor  Ferri  Subsulpliatis.  [See  Ferricum  and 
Acidum  Sulphuricum.] 

Liquor  lodi  Couipositus.  [See  Iodum  and  Acidum 
Hvdriodicum.] 

Liquor  Plumbi  Subacetatis. —  i.  Goulard's  extract 
is  alkaline  to  litmus.  2.  It  is  precipitated  by  nearly  all 
organic  acids,  except  formic,  butyric,  acetic,  and  lactic  acids. 
3.  It  precipitates  from  aqueous  solutions  nearly  all  alkaloids, 
glucosides,  and  neutral  principles.  4.  It  precipitates  albu- 
min. 5.  Mucilage  of  acacia  is  gelatinized  by  a  solution  of 
lead  subacetate,  but  when  both  are  diluted  with  water  stringy 
masses  are  formed.  6.  Lead  subacetate  precipitates  concen- 
trated solutions  of  antipyrin.  7.  It  unites  readily  with 
liquid  or  solid  fats  (N.  D.,  974).  8.  Lead  subacetate  has 
all  of  the  incompatibilities  of  lead  acetate.  [See  Plumbi 
Acetas.] 

Liquor  Potassse.     [See  Potassa.] 

Liquor  Potassii  Arsenitis. — i.  Fowler's  solution  is 
alkaline,  and  contains  some  potassium  bicarbonate  w^hich  has 
been  more  or  less  changed  to  potassium  carbonate.  It  con- 
sequently has  the  incompatibilities  of  a  carbonate  as  well  as 
those  of  a  soluble  arsenite.  [See  CARBONATES  and  AciDUM 
Arsenosum.] 

Liquor  Sodse.     [See  Hydrates,  Fixed  Alkali.] 

Liquor    Sod^e  Cliloratse. — Labarraque's   solution  has 


90 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


about  the  same  incompatibilities  as  chlorine  and  soluble  chlo- 
rides.      [See  ChLORUM  and  ACIDUM  HYDROCHLORICUM.] 

Liquor  Sodii  Silicatis. — i.  This  solution  is  precipi- 
tated by  alcohol,  concentrated  mineral  acids,  or  dilute  acids 
with  heat.  2.  It  gelatinizes  mucilage  of  acacia.  3.  It  is 
strongly  alkaline. 

Litliii  Beiizoas.     [See   Lithium  and   Acidum  Ben- 

ZOICUM.] 

Litliii  Salicylas.     [See  Lithium  and  Acidum  Sali- 

CYLICUM.] 

Litliivim. —  I.  The  soluble  lithium  salts  are  precipitated 
from  their  solutions  by  soluble  carbonates,  the  precipitate 
being  lithium  carbonate.  2.  Soluble  phosphates  precipitate 
lithium  phosphate.  3.  With  the  exception  of  the  carbonate 
and  phosphate,  the  common  lithium  salts  are  generally  soluble 
in  water  and  in  alcohol. 

Lobelia. —  i.  Lobelia  contains  the  volatile  alkaloid  lobe- 
line,  which  is  easily  decomposed  by  alkalies  or  hot  water. 
2.  It  is  precipitated  by  most  alkaloidal  reagents.  [See 
Alkaloids,  Nos.  i  and  2.] 

Magnesia. —  i.  Magnesia  combines  with  acids  to  form 
salts.  2.  With  fifteen  times  its  weight  of  water  it  soon 
forms  a  gelatinous  mass,  due  to  the  formation  of  magnesium 
hydrate.  Magnesium  hydrate  is  slightly  soluble  in  water, 
and  its  action  is  similar  to  that  of  the  fixed  alkalies  but 
weaker.  3.  With  sixteen  times  its  weight  of  copaiba  mag- 
nesia makes  a  thick  or  solid  mass  on  standing,  the  copaiba 
combining  to  form  magnesium  copaivate.  4.  Magnesia  ab- 
sorbs carbon  dioxide  from  the  air.  [See  Magnesium  and 
Hydrates,  Fixed  Alkali.] 

Magnesii  Svilphas.     [See  Magnesium  and  Acidum 

SULPHURICUM.J 

Magnesium. — Soluble  salts  of  magnesium  in  concen- 
trated aqueous  solution  are  precipitated:  i.  by  the  fixed 
alkali  hydrates  and  the  hydrates  of  barium,  strontium,  and 
calcium,  as  magnesium  hydrate  ;  2.  by  the  normal  carbonates 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  91 

of  the  fixed  alkali  metals,  as  basic  carbonate  of  magnesium  ;  3, 
by  the  alkaline  phosphates,  as  magnesium  phosphate;  4.  by 
alkaline  arsenates,  as  magnesium  arsenate;  5.  by  soluble 
sulphites,  oxalates,  or  tartrates,  as  magnesium  sulphite, 
oxalate,  or  tartrate  respectively.  6.  Ammonium  hydrate  or 
carbonate  scarcely  precipitates  magnesium  salts,  and  may 
prevent  to  some  extent  the  precipitation  by  the  fixed  alkali 
hydrates  and  carbonates. 

Maiig'aiiuni. — i.  Salts  of  manganese  in  aqueous  solution 
are  precipitated  by  the  fixed  alkali  hydrates  as  manganous 
hydrate,  white  but  soon  turning  brown  in  the  air  from  oxi- 
dation. Ammonium  hydrate  in  the  presence  of  ammonium 
salts  scarcely  precipitates  manganous  salts.  2.  The  alkali 
carbonates,  phosphates,  or  cyanides  precipitate  the  man- 
ganous carbonate,  phosphate,  or  cyanide,  all  of  which  are 
white  when  first  precipitated,  but  darken  on  exposure  to 
air.  3.  Manganous  salts  in  alkaline  mixture  are  oxidized  to 
manganese  dioxide  by  chlorine,  bromine,  and  iodine. 

Mel. —  I.  The  presence  of  honey  prevents  the  precipita- 
tion of  some  of  the  metallic  salts  by  the  alkali  hydrates.  2. 
Honey  decomposes  borax,  with  liberation  of  boric  acid,  the 
reaction  being  somewhat  similar  to  that  between  glycerin  and 
borax.  [See  Glycerinum,  No.  i.]  3.  Honey  when  tritu- 
rated with  strong  oxidizing  agents,  such  as  potassium 
chlorate  or  potassium  permanganate,  is  liable  to  form  an 
explosive  mixture. 

Menthol. — i.  Menthol  when  triturated  dry  gives  a 
liquid  or  soft  mass  with  borneol,  bromal  hydrate,  butyl 
chloral  hydrate,  camphor,  carbolic  acid,  chloral  alcoholate, 
chloral  hydrate,  euphorin,  exalgin,  naphtol,  pyrocatechin, 
pyrogallol,  resin,  resorcin,  thymol,  or  urethane.  2,  Fum- 
ing nitric  acid  forms  an  explosive  oil  (M.  &  M.,  iii.  203). 
3.  Potassium  permanganate  in  solution  decomposes  men- 
thol, forming  pimelic,  formic,  propionic,  butyric,  and  oxy- 
menthylic  acids  (M.  &  M.,  ill.  203).  4.  Chromic  acid 
oxidizes    it   to    dextro-  and    laevo-menthol    (U.  S.  D.,  868). 


92 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN   PRESCRIPTIONS. 


5.    Many  concentrated   acids  dissolve  menthol,  the  addition 
of  water  precipitating  it  again. 

Methiicetiiiuiii. — Methacetin  produces  a  liquid  when 
triturated  with  carbolic  acid,  chloral  alcoholate,  chloral 
hydrate,  or  pyrocatechin ;  with  bromal  hydrate  or  resorcin 
it  gives  a  stiff  mass. 

Metliyleiie-blue. — i.  Tetramethylthionine  hydrochlo-^ 
ride  is  decomposed  by  a  strong  solution  of  potassium  hydrate, 
liberating  the  base  as  a  violet  precipitate  (M.  M.  R.,  iv. 
359).  2.  Reducing  agents  cause  the  formation  of  a  color- 
less substance,  which  again  takes  up  oxygen,  forming  methy- 
lene-blue  (M.  M.  R.,  iv.  359).  3.  Sulphuric  acid  changes 
the  blue  aqueous  solution  to  a  bright  green  color  (M.  M.  R., 
IV.  359).  4.  In  aqueous  solutions  potassium  iodide  and 
potassium  bichromate  precipitate  the  base  as  an  iodide  and 
a  chromate  (Allen,  III.  Part  I,    286). 

Methyl  Salicylas. —  i.  Methyl  salicylate,  or  artificial 
oil  of  wintergreen,  gives  with  a  dilute  solution  of  a  ferric  salt 
a  deep  violet  color,  due  to  the  formation  of  ferric  salicylate. 
2.  Alkali  hydrates  decompose  it,  forming  methyl  alcohol 
and  a  salicylate.  3.  Methyl  salicylate  has  incompatibilities, 
quite  similar  to  those  of  the  soluble  salicylates.  [See  Aci- 
DUM  Salic YLicuM.] 

Morpliiiia. —  i.  Morphine  combines  with  acids  to  form 
salts.  2.  Morphine  is  precipitated  from  solutions  (not  too 
dilute)  of  its  salts  by  ammonium,  potassium,  sodium,  cal- 
cium, and  barium  hydrates,  by  carbonates  of  the  alkalies 
and  by  borax.  The  precipitate  is  soluble  in  a  large  excess  of 
the  above  mentioned  fixed  hydrates,  but  not  so  readily  in  the 
carbonates.  Morphine  tartrate  is  not  precipitated  by  fixed  or 
volatile  hydrates  (Blyth,  292).  3.  The  bicarbonates  of  the 
alkalies  precipitate  only  a  portion  of  the  morphine  from 
neutral  solutions  of  its  salts;  tartaric  acid  prevents  the  pre- 
cipitation (Watts,  III.  1053).  4.  Morphine  is  precipitated 
from  solutions  of  its  salts  by  lead  subacetate  (not  neutral 
lead  acetate),  by  potassium  chromate,  and  by  the  general 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


93 


alkaloidal  reagents.  5.  Potassium  cyanide  precipitates 
morphine  usually  as  the  free  alkaloid,  due  to  the  alkalinity  of 
the  potassium  salt,  although  some  say  that  morphine  cyanide 
is  precipitated.  6.  Silver  nitrate  is  reduced  by  morphine 
and  gives  a  red  coloration  (Sohn,  67).  7.  Ferric  chloride  in 
nearly  neutral  solution  gives  a  blue  coloration,  changing  to  a 
dirty  green.  This  coloration  is  prevented  or  destroyed  by 
excess  of  acid  or  alcohol.  8.  Nitric  acid  gives  a  red  color, 
changing  to  an  orange  and  then  a  light  yellow.  9.  lodates 
are  reduced,  liberating  iodine.  10.  Gold  chloride  precipi- 
tates morphine;  the  precipitate  is  first  yellow,  then  blue,  and 
finally  purple  (U.  S.  D.,  879).  The  gold  is  reduced.  11. 
Nitrous  acid  or  spirit  of*  nitrous  ether  produces  a  yellow 
color  with  morphine.  Morphine  is  converted  into  nitroso- 
morphine,  pseudomorphine,  and  a  base  C„H,iNOj  (M.  &  M., 
III.  436).  12.  With  chlorine  a  solution  of  morphine  gives  a 
yellow  to  an  orange  color,  and  if  ammonia  is  added  it  is 
changed  to  red  brown.  13.  Chlorates  oxidize  morphine. 
14.  Morphine  is  oxidized  by  an  alkaline  solution  of  potas- 
sium permanganate,  forming  an  acid  (M.  &  M.,  in.  436). 
With  an  acid  solution  of  potassium  permanganate  a  green  col- 
oration is  produced.  15.  Iodine  unites  with  morphine  to 
form  iodomorphine  (Watts,  III.  1052).  16.  In  a  moderately 
strong  aqueous  solution  morphine  is  precipitated  as  the  free 
alkaloid  by  codeine.  17.  Some  of  the  physiological  antago- 
nists are  ammonia,  amyl  nitrite,  atropine,  caffeine,  capsi- 
cum, cocaine,  digitalis,  gelsemium,  picrotoxin,  strychnine, 
and  veratrum.      [See  Alkaloids.] 

Miicilago  Acacise.     [See  Acacia.] 
Mucilago  Aiiiyli.     [See  Amylum.] 
Mucilago  Tragacanthse.     [See  Tragacantha.] 
Naplitaliiiuni.  —  i.    Naphtalin   is  converted  into  nitro- 
or  dinitro-naphtalin  by  nitric  acid,  according  to  the  strength 
of  the  acid  used  (Allen,  II.  508).     2.   Chlorine  and  bromine 
form  chloro-  and  bromo-derivatives.      3.    Triturated  dry  with 


94  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

phenol  or  salol  naphtalin  produces  a  liquid.    It  gives  a  damp 
powder  with  pyrocatechin. 

Naplitol. — I.  Beta-naphtol  in  aqueous  solution  imparts 
a  pale  green  color  when  ferric  chloride  is  added,  and  slowly 
deposits  dinaphtol  (M.  &  M.,  ill.  460).  2.  Warming  with 
sulphuric  acid,  naphtol  forms  a  sulphonic  acid  (Allen,  II. 
511).  3.  Chlorine  or  chlorinated  lime  colors  a  solution  of 
naphtol  a  pale  green  or  yellow  (Allen,  II.  511).  4.  A  cold 
saturated  aqueous  solution  of  naphtol  gives  a  faint  bluish 
fluorescence  with  ammonia  (U.  S.  D.,  895).  5.  Alkaline 
potassium  permanganate  oxidizes  it  to  ortho-carboxy-cin- 
namic  acid  (M.  &  M.,  ill.  460).  6.  Beta-naphtol  when  tritu- 
rated with  antipyrin,  borneol,  camphor,  carbolic  acid,  ex- 
algin,  menthol,  pyrocatechin  or  urethane  gives  a  liquid  or  a 
soft  mass. 

Nitrates.     [See  Acidum  Nitricum.] 
Nitrites.     [See  Acidum  Nitrosum.] 
Nux  Vomica.    [See  Strychnina.] 
Olea    Fixa.^i.    Fixed    oils    with    solutions    of   alkali 
hydrates,  lime  water,   and    oxides    of   many  metals,    form 
oleates   (soaps)   of  the  base   and  glycerin.      2.   The   olein    of 
fixed    oils  with   nitric   acid  or  nitrous   acid  gas  forms  the 
isomeric  elaidin,  which   is   solid.      3.    Fixed   oils   absorb  and 
combine  with   bromine   and  iodine,   forming  addition  prod- 
ucts.    4.   Concentrated    nitric   acid   and    concentrated    sul- 
phuric acid   give  various   color   reactions  with    different  oils. 
5.      Fixed  oils  do  not  dissolve  readily  in  glycerin  or  alcohol. 

Olea  Volatilia. — i.  Volatile  oils  with  concentrated 
sulphuric  acid  generally  give  a  yellow  color,  turning  brown 
and  sometimes  red.  2.  Concentrated  nitric  acid  gives  color- 
reactions  with  many  oils.  3.  Potassium  hydrate  saponifies 
the  resinified  portions  of  the  oils.  4.  Ferric  chloride  gives 
colors  with  some  of  the  oils.  [See  Ferricum,  Nos.  28,  29, 
30,  and  31.]  5.  Iodine  reacts  violently  with  some  oils,  par- 
ticularly the  hydrocarbon  oils. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


95 


Oleum  ^tliereuin. — i.  Ethereal  oil  with  water  is 
slowly  decomposed,  forming  sulphovinic  acid  and  a  light  oil 
of  wine  (N.  D.,  I105).  2.  The  sulphuric  acid  is  not  precipi- 
tated by  the  general  precipitants  of  this  acid  because  it  exists 
in  the  form  of  sulphovinates,  which  are  soluble  (U.  S.  D., 
919). 

Oleum  Amygdalfe  Amarre. —  i.  Oil  of  bitter  almonds 
contains  chiefly  benzaldehyde  with  a  little  hydrocyanic  acid ; 
the  artificial  oil  consists  of  benzaldehyde.  2.  Benzaldehyde 
is  readily  oxidized  by  the  air  and  by  oxidizing"  agents, 
forming  benzoic  acid,  which  may  crystallize  so  as  to  form  a 
mass.  Alcohol  prevents  this  to  some  extent.  3.  With  an 
aqueous  or  alcoholic  solution  of  potassium  hydrate  it  gives 
benzyl  alcohol  and  potassium  benzoate.  4.  Ammonia  water 
converts  it  into  crystalline  hydrobenzamid,  which  is  again 
resolved  by  acids  into  ammonia  and  benzoic  aldehyde  (Allen, 
III.  Part  I,  18).  A  mixture  of  ammonia  and  the  oil  turns 
yellow  on  standing.  5.  Chlorine  converts  it  into  benzoyl 
chloride.  6.  Benzaldehyde  with  resorcin  in  the  presence  of 
hydrochloric  acid  forms  a  resin ;  phenol  and  pyrocatechin 
act  similarly  (M.  &  M.,  I.  472).  7.  With  an  aqueous  solution 
of  sodium  bisulphite  a  crystalline  compound  is  produced. 

Oleum  Auraiitii  Corticls. —  i.  Oil  of  orange  gives  a 
deep-red  or  a  red-brown  color  with  sulphuric  acid.  2.  Nitric 
acid  gives  a  greenish-yellow  color.  3.  Exposed  to  the  air 
the  oil  is  oxidized  and  acquires  a  turpentine  odor  and  taste^ 
4.    Iodine  reacts  violently  with  the  oil. 

Oleum  Betulae  Volatile. — Oil  of  sweet  birch  consists 
chiefly  of  methyl  salicylate.      [See  METHYL  Salicylas.] 

Oleum  Caryophylll. — i.  Oil  of  cloves  dissolved  in  a 
little  alcohol  gives  a  bright  green  color  when  a  solution  of 
ferric  chloride  is  added.  If  the  solution  of  ferric  chloride  is 
quite  dilute,  a  blue  color  is  produced,  which  soon  changes  to 
yellow  (U.  S.  P.,  275).  Clove  water  gives  a  yellow  or  brown 
solution  or  precipitate  with  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride. 
2.  Iodine  dissolves  quietly  in  the  oil.      3.  Nitric  acid  changes 


96  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

its  color  to  a  deep  red,  and  if  heat  be  used  the  bil  is  converted 
into  oxalic  acid  (U.  S.  D.,  931).  4.  Strong  solutions  of 
alkalies  convert  it  into  a  crystalline  mass  of  potassium  euge- 
nol  (N.  D.,  1117). 

Oleum  Cinnaniomi. —  i.  Oil  of  cinnamon  dissolved  in 
alcohol  gives  a  brown  color  with  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride. 
Cinnamon  water  with  solution  of  ferric  chloride  gives  a  brown 
■color  and  a  slight  precipitate.  2.  With  a  saturated  solution 
•of  sodium  bisulphite   the  oil  solidifies  to  a  crystalline  mass. 

3.  Nitric  acid  slowly  oxidizes  it  to  a  crystalline  mass  of  cin- 
namic  acid.  4.  Iodine  dissolves  in  it  quietly,  forming  a  thick 
mass  (N.  D.,  11 19).  5-  Cinnamon  water  gives  a  turbidity 
-with  a  solution  of  lead  acetate. 

Oleum  Gaultlieri?e. — Oil  of  wintergreen  is  chiefly 
•methyl  salicylate.      [See  METHYL  Salicylas.] 

Oleum  Gossypii. —  i.  Cottonseed  oil  with  sulphuric 
acid  gives  a  dark  red-brown  color.  2.  Nitric  acid  with  heat 
converts  the  oil  into  a  red-brown  mass  that  partially  solidifies 
on   standing.      3.  With   an  alkali   hydrate  it  forms   a  soap. 

4.  It  combines  with  iodine  to  form  colorless  compounds. 
Oleum  Lavendulfe. — Oil  of  lavender  reacts  violently 

with  iodine  or  bromine. 

Oleum  Limonis. —  i.  Oil  of  lemon  reacts  violently  with 
iodine  or  bromine.  2.  Exposed  to  air  and  light  it  absorbs 
oxygen,  forming  a  resinous  substance  and  ozone.  3.  Con- 
centrated nitric  acid  turns  it  brown  and   resinous. 

Oleum  Lini. — i.  Linseed  oil  is  ignited  by  fuming 
nitric  acid.  Nitric  acid  of  sp.  gr.  1.33  turns  it  green  and 
afterwards  brown.  2.  Alkali  hydrates  convert  it  into  a  soft 
soap.  3.  An  alkaline  solution  of  potassium  permanganate 
converts  it  into  sativic  acid  (M.  &  M.,  III.  147).  4.  Exposed 
to  air  the  oil  oxidizes  and  ultimately  becomes  solid.  If  the 
oil  be  distributed  through  cotton,  the  heat  generated  by  the 
oxidation  maybe  sufficient  to  cause  ignition.  5.  Iodine  and 
bromine  form  additive  compounds. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  97 

Oleum  Mentlise  Piperit?e. —  i.  Oil  of  peppermint  dis- 
solves iodine  quietly  and  becomes  thicker.  2.  Chloral 
hydrate  colors  the  oil  red.  This  is  perhaps  due  to  an  im- 
purity in  the  chloral  hydrate  (N.  D.,  1131).  3.  An  alcoholic 
solution  of  the  oil  with  salicylic  acid  turns  green  slowly 
(N.  D.,  1131). 

Oleum  Olivse. —  i.  Olive  oil  heated  with  nitric  acid 
gives  a  mass  that  solidifies.  2.  Alkaline  hydrates  convert  it 
into  soap.  8.  Iodine  combines  with  it,  forming  colorless 
compounds. 

Oleum  Pimentse. — An  alcoholic  solution  of  oil  of  pi- 
menta  with  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride  gives  a  bright  green 
color.  If  the  iron  solution  be  very  dilute,  a  blue  color  is 
formed,  changing  to  green  and  then  yellow  (U.  S.  P.,  285). 
Pimenta  water  with  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride  gives  a  pre- 
cipitate which  increases  and  becomes  brown. 

Oleum  Sassafras. —  i.  Nitric  acid  reacts  violently  with 
oil  of  sassafras,  converting  it  into  a  red  liquid  and  finally  into 
a  red  resin.  2.  Sulphuric  acid  gives  the  oil  a  deep  red  color 
which  soon  becomes  blackish  (U.  S.  P.,  288).  3.  Iodine  and 
bromine  react  with  the  oil. 

Oleum  Terebintliin^e. —  i.  Oil  of  turpentine  with  a 
small  proportion  of  sulphuric  acid  is  partially  converted  into 
terebene.  2.  Dry  hydrochloric  acid  gas  with  oil  of  tur- 
pentine forms  a  crystalline  monohydrochloride  of  terpene. 
This  has  been  called  "  artificial  camphor."  3.  Chlorine  and 
bromine  react  so  violently  that  the  oil  is  frequently  ignited. 
4.  Iodine  is  dissolved  by  oil  of  turpentine  to  form  a  green 
solution,  which  afterwards  becomes  hot  and  gives  off  vapors 
of  iodine  and  hydriodic  acid  ;  and  when  considerable  quanti- 
ties of  iodine  and  turpentine  oil  are  brought  suddenly  together, 
explosion  frequently  ensues  (Allen,  II.  424).  5.  Heated  with 
chlorinated  lime,  oil  of  turpentine  yields  chloroform  (Allen, 
II.  424).  6.  If  oil  of  turpentine  is  left  in  contact  with  water, 
it  gradually  changes  into  terpin  hydrate.  This  reaction  is 
hastened  by  the  presence  of  nitric  acid  (Allen,  11.  424)  or  by 


98  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

alcohol  (U.  S.  D.,  971).  7.  Nitric  acid  converts  the  oil  into 
resinous  matter,  the  violence  of  the  reaction  and  the  products 
formed  depending  on  the  strength  of  the  acid.  Some  of  the 
products  formed  are  acetic,  propionic,  butyric,  paratoluic,  and 
terebic  acids.  8.  Fuming  nitric  acid  reacts  violently  and 
may  set  the  oil  on  fire.  9.  Strong  chromic  acid  solution 
oxidizes  oil  of  turpentine  to  acetic  acid  and  other  products 
(Allen,  II.  425).  10.  The  oil  when  exposed  to  air  slowly 
absorbs  oxygen  and  forms  a  resinous  substance,  which  seems 
to  have  the  power  of  producing  hydrogen  dioxide  (U.  S.  D., 
971).  Oil  of  turpentine  absorbs  oxygen  and  gives  formic 
and  acetic  acids,  carbon  dioxide,  ozone,  and  resinous  bodies 
(Watts,  V.  921). 

Opium. —  I.  A  solution  of  opium  contains  many  alkaloids 
and  other  substances  that  are  generally  incompatible  with  the 
inorganic  salts,  general  alkaloidal  reagents,  and  many  other 
compounds.  [See  Morphina,  Alkaloids,  and  Acidum 
Meconicum.] 

Oxidizing  Agents. — Strong  oxidizing  agents,  such  as 
chromic,  nitric,  and  nitrohydrochloric  acids,  chromates, 
nitrates,  chlorates,  permanganates,  should  not  be  triturated 
with  substances  that  are  easily  oxidized,  as,  for  instance, 
sulphur,  sulphides,  sulphites,  hypophosphites,  iodine,  char- 
coal, tannic  acid,  carbolic  acid,  honey,  sugar,  glycerin, 
starch,  and  vegetable  matter. 

Pancreatinuni. —  i.  An  aqueous  solution  of  pancreatin 
is  precipitated  by  strong  alcohol.  2.  The  activity  of  pan- 
creatin is  destroyed  by  continued  contact  with  acids.  3.  Ex- 
posed to  air  it  becomes  less  active. 

Paraldehyduni. —  i.  Paraldehyde  with  fixed  alkali 
hydrates   forms  aldehyde   resin  which    resembles  colophony. 

2.  It  is  a  strong  reducing  agent   and    is  oxidized  to  an  acid. 

3.  Chlorine  forms  substitution  products.  4.  Hydrocyanic 
acid  combines  with  aldehydes  to  form  nitrites  (M.  &  M.,  I. 
107).  4.  Paraldehyde  liberates  iodine  from  iodides  (Ph.  Era, 
XVII.  298). 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  9^ 

Pei>siiiuin. — Pepsin  is  rendered  inert  by  alkaline  sub- 
stances, by  prolonged  contact  with  alcohol,  or  by  tannic 
acid. 

Perniaiigauates.     [See  Potassii  Permanganas.] 

Plieiiacetinuni. —  i.  Phenacetin  in  strong  aqueous  so- 
lution gives  with  chromic  acid,  chlorine,  chlorinated  lime, 
iodine,  and  some  other  oxidizing-  agents  colorations  varying 
from  pink  to  red.  These  colorations  are  due  to  the  presence 
of  paraphenetidin  in  the  phenacetin,  or  upon  its  formation  by 
decomposition  of  the  phenacetin  (M.  M.  R.,  IV.  359).  2. 
Heating  phenacetin  with  hydrochloric  acid  and  then  adding  a 
solution  of  ferric  chloride  gives  a  red  color.  3.  Salicylic 
acid  when  triturated  with  phenacetin  is  said  to  give  a  pasty 
mass.  The  writer  failed  to  get  anything  but  a  dry  powder. 
4.  Phenacetin  triturated  with  carbolic  acid,  chloral  hydrate, 
or  pyrocatechin  gives  a  liquid.  5.  It  is  decomposed  by 
strong  acids  or  alkalies  (Scoville,  234).  6.  Phenacetin 
combines  with  iodine  to  form  a  compound  known  as  iodo- 
phenin.  7.  Phenacetin  conceals  the  fluorescence  of  quinine 
sulphate,  especially  in  dilute  solutions. 

Pheiiocoll  Hydrochloriduin.  —  i.  Phenocoll  hy- 
drochloride in  aqueous  solution  is  precipitated  by  the  alkaline 
hydrates  and  carbonates  as  the  free  base.  2.  Piperazin  is 
said  to  precipitate  the  base  phenocoll  when  mixed  with  a 
strong  solution  of  phenocoll  hydrochloride.  According  to 
Roe,  the  best  results  for  making  a  solution  are  obtained  when 
the  phenocoll  salt  is  from  fifty  to  one  hundred  per  cent,  in 
excess  of  the  piperazin,  and  each  compound  should  be  dis- 
solved in  a  portion  of  water  before  being  mixed  (D.  C, 
XXXIX.  14).  3.  The  fluorescence  of  quinine  sulphate  is  de- 
stroyed by  phenocoll  hydrochloride. 

Phosphates.  [See  Acidum  Phosphoricum  and  SoDii 
Phosphas.] 

Phosphorus. —  i.  Phosphorus  is  oxidized  in  the  air, 
forming  oxides  of  phosphorus,  and  may  cause  fire.  2.  A 
warm   solution   of    potassium    or  sodium    hydrate  or  lime 


100  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

water  with  phosphorus  gives  a  hypophosphite  and  phos- 
phorus hydride  gas.  3.  In  the  presence  of  water,  chlorine, 
bromine,  or  iodine  oxdizes  phosphorus  and  forms  phos- 
phoric acid  and  hydrochloric,  hydrobromic,  or  hydriodic  acid. 
4.  Phosphorus  is  oxidized  by  nitric  acid,  chromic  acid,  old 
oil  of  turpentine,  and  other  substances  rich  in  oxygen.  5. 
When  phosphorus  is  triturated  with  potassium  chlorate, 
chromic  oxide,  lead  dioxide,  mercuric  oxide,  silver  oxide, 
potassium  bichromate,  potassium  nitrate,  sulphur,  or  sul- 
phides, explosion  is  liable  to  take  place. 

Pliysostigniina.  —  i.  Physostigmine  is  precipitated 
from  aqueous  solutions  of  its  salts  by  the  general  alkaloidal 
reagents,  except  picric  acid  and  platinum  chloride.  2.  Alka- 
line hydrates  and  carbonates  precipitate  the  alkaloid  from 
concentrated  aqueous  solutions  of  its  salts  and  give  a  red 
•color,  changing  to  yellow,  green,  and  blue  (Sohn,  23).  The 
red  color  is  due  to  the  formation  of  rubreserine  (N.  D.,  122  i). 
3.  Gold  chloride  gives  a  blue  coloration.  4.  A  solution  of 
chlorine  or  bromine  gives  a  red  coloration.  5.  Nitric  acid 
gives  a  yellowish-red  color.  6.  The  free  alkaloid  precipitates 
iron  as  the  hydrate  from  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride  (N.  D., 
122  i).  7.  Physostigmine  is  physiologically  incompatible  with 
atropine,  chloral  hydrate,  morphine,  strychnine,  and  caf- 
feine.     [See  Alkaloids.] 

Picrotoxiniim. —  i.  Picrotoxin  combines  with  alkali 
hydrates,  forming  soluble  compounds;  acids  added  to  solu- 
tions of  these  cause  the  precipitation  of  the  picrotoxin.  2. 
Chloral  hydrate  is  a  physiological  antagonist. 

Pilocarpiiite  Hydrochloridum.  —  i.  Pilocarpine 
hydrochloride  in  aqueous  solution  is  precipitated  by  the  re- 
agents that  generally  precipitate  alkaloids,  except  that  it  is 
not  readily  precipitated  by  alkali  hydrates  and  carbonates. 
2.  When  this  alkaloidal  salt  is  mixed  with  calomel  in  the 
presence  of  moisture  a  darkening  occurs.  This  is  probably 
due  to  the  separation  of  metallic  mercury  while  at  the  same 
time  some  mercuric  chloride  is  formed  which  combines  with 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  loi 

the  alkaloid.  3.  Potassium  permanganate  oxidizes  it  to 
pyridin  (M.  &  M.,  iv.  275).  4.  Atropine  has  an  opposite 
effect  physiologically. 

Piperazinuni. —  i.  Piperazin  combines  with  acids  to 
form  salts.  2.  With  an  aqueous  solution  of  piperazin  alum 
gives  a  white  precipitate.  3.  Ferrous  sulphate  gives  a  dark 
green  precipitate  which  turns  brown  on  standing.  4.  Ferric 
chloride  gives  a  red-brown  precipitate.  5.  An  aqueous  solu- 
tion of  piperazin  is  precipitated  by  mercuric  chloride,  copper 
sulphate,  potassium  mercuric  iodide,  Donovan's  solution, 
picric  and  tannic  acids.  6.  On  account  of  its  strong  alka- 
linity piperazin  gives  precipitates  with  solutions  of  alkaloidal 
salts  and  with  some  inorganic  salts.  7.  Potassium  per- 
manganate and  silver  nitrate  are  reduced  by  piperazin.  8. 
Sodium  hypochlorite  solution  forms  a  body  with  piperazin 
that  explodes  when  heated  to  a  temperature  of  8o°-8$°  C. 
(M.  &  M.,  IV.  349).  9.  Bromine  water  forms  the  correspond- 
ing di-bromo-piperazin  (M.  &  M.,  iv.  349).  10.  With  spirit 
of  nitrous  ether  piperaz-in  gives  a  yellow  to  a  red  solution. 
II.  Quinine  is  said  to  give  an  amorphous  violet-brown  body 
with  piperazin  (M.  &  M. ,  iv.  349).  Piperazin  gives  a  white  pre- 
cipitate with  a  solution  of  quinine  sulphate  and  destroys  the 
fluorescence.  12.  Phenol  combines  with  piperazin.  13. 
When  piperazin  is  triturated  dry  with  butyl  chloral  hydrate, 
acetanilid,  antipyrin,  carbolic  acid,  chloral  hydrate,  or 
phenacetin,  a  liquid  or  soft  mass  is  formed.  This  is  due  in 
some  instances  to  chemical  combination  and  sometimes  to 
the  fact  that  piperazin  is  very  hygroscopic. 

Plvinibi  Acetas. —  i.  Lead  acetate  in  aqueous  solution 
is  precipitated  by  the  fixed  alkali  hydrates  as  lead  hydrate 
which  is  soluble  in  excess  of  the  alkali  hydrate.  The  precip- 
itation is  prevented  by  the  presence  of  glycerin  and  sugar  to 
some  extent.  2.  Ammonium  hydrate  does  not  precipitate 
lead  acetate,  except  from  a  concentrated  solution.  3.  The 
soluble  carbonates  precipitate  the  white  basic  carbonate  of 
lead.     4.    Borax  precipitates  the  white  lead  borate.      Precip- 


102  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

itation  is  prevented  to  some  extent  by  glycerin  and  sugar. 
5.  Sulphuric  acid  and  the  soluble  sulphates  precipitate  the 
white  lead  sulphate.  6.  Hydrochloric  acid  and  the  soluble 
chlorides  precipitate  from  not  too  dilute  solutions  of  lead 
acetate  the  white  lead  chloride.  7.  The  soluble  bromides 
precipitate  the  white  lead  bromide.  8.  The  soluble  iodides 
precipitate  the  yellow  lead  iodide.  9.  Soluble  chromates 
precipitate  the  yellow  lead  chromate.  10.  Sodium  phos- 
phate precipitates  the  white  lead  phosphate.  11.  Alkali 
sulphites  precipitate  the  white  lead  sulphite.  12.  The 
soluble  cyanides  precipitate  white  lead  cyanide.  13.  Tannic 
acid  and  solutions  containing  it  precipitate  the  yellow-gray 
lead  tannate.  14.  Solutions  of  lead  acetate  are  precipitated 
by  neutral  soluble  benzoates,  citrates,  tartrates,  and  sali- 
cylates. 15.  Pyrogallol  gives  a  white  precipitate  which  be- 
comes brown  and  black  on  exposure  to  air  and  light.  16. 
Lead  acetate  gives  a  precipitate  with  some  coloring  matters, 
gums,  resins,  neutral  principles,  glucosides,  and  alkaloids. 
1 7.  With  a  solution  of  opium  lead  acetate  forms  the  acetates  of 
the  alkaloids  and  the  insoluble  lead  meconateand  sulphate.  18. 
Lead  acetate  gives  a  liquid  or  soft  mass  when  rubbed  with  aceta- 
mid,  carbolic  acid,  chloral  hydrate,  salicylic  acid,  sodium 
phosphate,  or  urea.  It  gives  a  stiff  mass  with  pyrocatechin, 
pyrogallol,  resorcin,  sodium  salicylate,  or  urethane. 

Pliiinbi  Subacetas.     [See  Liquor  Plumbi  Subace- 

TATIS.] 

Potassa. — Potassium  hydrate  has  the  incompatibilities 
of  the  fixed  alkali  hydrates.  [See  Hydrates,  Fixed  Al- 
kali, and  Potassium.] 

Potassii  Acetas.     [See  Acidum  Aceticum.] 
Potassii  Bicarbonas.     [See  Carbonates.] 
Potassii  Bichronias.     [See  Acidum  Chromicum.] 
Potassii  Bitartras. — i.    Cream    of    tartar    combines 
with  the  hydrates  and  carbonates  of  the  alkalies  to  form 
neutral  soluble  salts.      2.    Cream  of  tartar  becomes  more  sol- 
uble in  solutions  of  borax  or  boric  acid.      3.   It   is   acid  in 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


103 


Teaction,  and  has  the  incompatibilities  of  tartaric  acid.      [See 
AciDUM  Tartaricum.] 

Potassii  Bromiclum.     [See   Acidum    Hydrobromi- 

€UM.] 

Potassii  Carbonas.     [See  Carbonates.] 
Potassii  Chloras.     [See  Chlorates.] 
Potassii  Citras.     [See  Acidum  Citricum.] 
Potassii    Cyaiiiduni. — Potassium  cyanide  is  strongly 

alkaline  and   usually   contains    a    carbonate.      [See    AciDUM 

Hydrocyanicum  and  Carbonates.] 

Potassii   et  Sodii  Tartras. — Nearly  all  acids  when 

added  to  a  strong  solution  of  Rochelle  salt  combine  with   the 

sodium  and  precipitate  the  potassium  bitartrate.    [See  Acidum 

Tartaricum.] 

Potassii  Hypophosphis.     [See  Acidum  Hypophos- 

PHOROSUM.] 

Potassii  lodidum. — Potassium  iodide  sometimes  con- 
tains a  carbonate  as  an  impurity.  [See  AciDUM  Hydri- 
ODICUM.] 

Potassii  Mtras.  [See  Acidum  Nitricum.] 
Potassii  Permanganas. — i.  Potassium  permanganate 
in  acid  solution  is  reduced  to  the  manganous  condition  by 
nitrous  acid  and  nitrites,  forming  nitric  acid;  2.  by  hydro- 
chloric acid  and  chlorides,  liberating  chlorine  ;  3.  by  hydro- 
bromic  acid  and  bromides,  liberating  bromine ;  4.  by  hydri- 
odic  acid  and  iodides,  liberating  iodine  ;  5.  by  sulphites  and 
hyposulphites,  forming  sulphates;  6.  by  mercurous  com- 
pounds, forming  mercuric  compounds;  7.  by  arsenites, 
forming  arsenates;  8.  by  ferrous  compounds,  forming  ferric 
compounds;  9.  by  hypophosphites,  forming  phosphates ;  10. 
by  ammonia,  forming  nitrates.  11.  With  hydrogen  dioxide 
water  mixed  with  sulphuric  acid,  potassium  permanganate 
forms  manganous  sulphate,  potassium  sulphate,  water,  and 
oxygen,  the  oxygen  coming  from  both  the  permanganate  and 
hydrogen  dioxide.  12.  Tartaric  acid  is  converted  into  formic 
acid  and  carbon  dioxide,  more  readily  in  a  neutral  or  alkaline 


104  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

mixture  (M.  &  M.,  IV.  642).  13.  Carbolic  acid  is  oxidized. 
by  potassium  permanganate,  forming  oxalic  acid  and  carbon 
dioxide.  14.  Alcohol  is  oxidized  to  aldehyde  and  acetic  acid, 
the  manganese  dioxide  and  monoxide  being  precipitated.  15. 
Glycerin  gives  a  precipitate  similar  to  that  produced  by 
alcohol,  and  is  oxidized  to  formic,  propionic,  and  tartronic 
acids  and  carbon  dioxide  (M.  &  M.,  II.  618).  16.  In  dilute 
aqueous  solution  potassium  permanganate  is  reduced  by  nearly 
all  organic  matter;  in  concentrated  solution  the  reaction  may 
be  so  great  as  to  cause  explosion.  17.  When  potassium  per- 
manganate is  triturated  dry  with  sulphur,  sulphides,  reduced 
iron,  hypophosphites,  charcoal,  sugar,  glycerin,  alcohol, 
tannic  acid,  oxalic  acid,  picric  acid,  fats,  oils,  gums,  and 
other  readily  oxidizable  matter,  an  explosion  is  liable  to 
ensue.  18.  The  permanganates  are  all  soluble  in  water, 
except  silver,  which  is  sparingly  soluble.  They  are  insoluble 
in  alcohol. 

Potassium. — 1.  Potassium  salts  in  the  presence  of  a 
solution  of  platinic  chloride  and  hydrochloric  acid  give  a 
yellow  precipitate  of  a  double  compound  of  platinum  and 
potassium  chloride.  2.  Most  neutral  potassium  salts  in  not 
too  dilute  aqueous  solution  with  sodium  bitartrate  give  a 
precipitate  of  potassium  bitartrate.  3.  A  solution  of  the 
hydrate  or  carbonate  of  potassium  with  an  excess  of  tartaric 
acid  gives  a  precipitate  of  potassium  bitartrate, 

Pyoktaniiin. —  i.  Pyoktannin  in  solution  is  decom- 
posed slowly  in  the  light.  2.  Fixed  alkali  hydrates  added 
to  a  solution  of  pyoktannin  decolorize  the  solution  and 
deposits  a  red  precipitate.  3.  Ammonia  decolorizes  a  solu- 
tion of  pyoktannin  and  gives  a  purplish  precipitate.  4. 
Pyoktannin  is  said  to  be  incompatible  with  mercuric  chloride. 

Pyrocatechin. —  i.  An  alkaline  solution  of  pyrocatechin 
assumes  a  green  color,  changing  to  brown,  and  finally  black. 
2.  With  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride  it  gives  a  green  color, 
changed  to  a  violet  red  by  ammonia.  3.  With  a  solution  of 
lead  acetate  it  gives  a  white  precipitate.    4.  Nitric  acid  acts 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


105, 


violently,  converting  it  into  oxalic  acid  (M.  &  M.,  IV.  358). 
5 .  Ammonium  carbonate  with  water  converts  the  pyrocatechin 
into  pyrocatechuic  acid  (M.  &  M.  IV.  358).  6.  With  a  con- 
centrated solution  of  pyrocatechin  lime  water  gives  a  green- 
ish color.  7.  It  reduces  silver  nitrate  to  metallic  silver.  8. 
Pyrocatechin  forms  a  liquid  with  acetamid,  acetanilid,  anti- 
pyrin,  borneol,  bromal  hydrate,  butyl  chloral  hydrate,  cam- 
phor, monobromated  camphor,  carbolic  acid,  chloral  alco- 
holate,  chloral  hydrate,  euphorin,  exalgin,  menthol,  metha- 
cetin,  naphtol,  phenacetin,  pyrogallol,  salol,  sodium  phos- 
phate, urea,  or  urethane.  It  gives  a  stiff  mass  with  diuretin,. 
lead  acetate,  or  thymol,  and  a  damp  powder  with  naphtalin 
or  resorcin. 

Pyrogallol. — i.  Pyrogallic  acid  in  aqueous  solutioa 
gradually  absorbs  oxygen  from  the  air  and  becomes  brown 
red  and  acid.  The  coloration  takes  place  more  rapidly  in  the 
presence  of  alkalies,  changing  to  nearly  black.  2.  With 
ammonia  pyrogallein  is  formed  (M.  &  M.,  iv.  359)  and  the 
solution  becomes  red.  3.  With  a  solution  of  a  ferrous  sul- 
phate pyrogallol  gives  a  deep  blue  solution,  changing  to 
green  and  ultimately  red.  4.  With  a  solution  of  ferric  chlo- 
ride a  red  color  is  formed  at  once,  and  it  is  turned  to  violet 
by  adding  ammonia,  5.  With  a  solution  of  ferric  acetate  a 
purple-black  coloration  is  formed.  6.  With  lead  acetate 
pyrogallol  gives  a  white  precipitate  which  turns  dark  on  ex- 
posure. 7.  With  lime  water  a  purple  color  is  produced, 
rapidly  changing  to  brown.  8.  Pyrogallic  acid  is  changed  to 
purpurogallin  by  an  alcoholic  solution  of  silver  nitrate,  by 
an  aqueous  solution  of  potassium  permanganate,  or  by  an 
aqueous  solution  of  ferric  chloride  in  excess  (M.  &  M,,  iv. 
359).  9.  Pyrogallol  in  aqueous  solutions  reduces  salts  of 
silver,  mercury,  and  gold,  and  it  is  oxidized  to  acetic  and 
oxalic  acids  (Richter,  695).  10.  Pyrogallol  gives  a  liquid  or 
soft  mass  when  rubbed  with  acetamid,  antipyrin,  camphor, 
carbolic    acid,    exalgin,  menthol,    pyrocatechin,    urea,    or 


lo6  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

urethane.  It  gives  a  stiff  mass  with  diuretin,  lead  acetate, 
or  sodium  phosphate. 

Pyroxylinum. — i.  Soluble  gun-cotton  when  damp 
undergoes  decomposition,  and  may  ignite  or  cause  an  ex- 
plosion. 2.  Treated  with  alkalies  in  concentrated  solution 
it  is  decomposed,  giving  up  its  nitric  acid.  3.  The  nitro- 
cellulose is  converted  back  to  cellulose  by  reducing  agents, 
such  as  ferrous  salts  or  alkali  sulphides  (Richter,  514).  [See 
COLLODIUM.] 

Quiniiia. —  i.  Quinine  unites  with  acids  to  form  salts. 
2.  Quinine  is  precipitated  from  aqueous  solutions  of  its  salts 
by  all  the  reagents  mentioned  under  Alkaloids,  Nos.  2  and  3, 
except  bromides  and  iodides;  in  concentrated  solutions  these 
may  also  give  precipitates.  3.  Hypophosphorous  acid  aids 
the  solution  of  quinine  sulphate,  but  if  added  in  sufficient 
-amount  potassium  hypophosphite  destroys  the  fluorescence 
and  causes  precipitation.  4.  Quinine  is  precipitated  from 
solution  of  its  salts  by  the  alkali  acetates  as  the  voluminous 
quinine  acetate.  [See  AciDUM  ACETICUM,  No.  4.]  5.  Citric 
acid  aids  the  solution  of  quinine  sulphate  in  water.  Adding 
an  alkali  citrate  destroys  the  fluorescence  and  precipitates 
the  quinine.  6.  Quinine  is  precipitated  from  its  concentrated 
aqueous  solutions  by  benzoates,  salicylates,  and  tartrates, 
the  precipitate  generally  being  bulky.  7.  Quinine  gives  a 
blue  fluorescence  with  nearly  all  acids  that  contain  oxygen. 
8.  The  fluorescence  is  destroyed  by  the  halogen  acids,  salts 
of  the  halogens,  antipyrin,  acetanilid,  phenacetin,  phenocoll 
hydrochloride,  or  piperazin.  9.  When  the  alkaloid  quinine 
is  heated  with  solutions  of  ammoniacal  salts  ammonia  gas 
is  liberated.  10.  Quinine  sulphate  is  oxidized  by  potassium 
permanganate  to  pyridin  tricarboxylic  acid,  oxalic  acid,  and 
ammonia  (M.  &  M.,  iv.  375).  11.  An  aqueous  solution  of 
quinine  sulphate  in  sunlight  turns  yellow  and  then  brown, 
and  gives  a  brown  flocculent  precipitate,  due  to  the  formation 
of  quiniretin  (N.  D.,  135 1).  12.  When  quinine  sulphate  is 
rubbed  with  thymol  it  gives  a  soft  mass;  with  chloral  hydrate 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


107 


it  gives  a  damp  powder  or  stiff  mass.  13.  The  solubility  of 
quinine  sulphate  in  water  is  increased  by  the  presence  of  cer- 
tain compounds,  as  ammonium  chloride,  potassium  nitrate, 
and  antipyrin.     [See  Alkaloids.] 

Kesiiia. —  i.  Pine  resin  when  triturated  with  menthol, 
salol,  carbolic  acid,  or  urethane  makes  a  liquid  or  sticky 
mass.  2.  Nitric  acid  oxidizes  it  to  isophthalic  and  trimellitic 
acids  (M.  &  M.,  i.  i).  3.  Potassium  permanganate  oxi- 
dizes it  to  formic,  acetic,  and  carbonic  acids  (M.  &  M.,  i.  i). 

Resinse. —  i.  With  aqueous  solutions  of  alkali  hydrates 
or  carbonates  resins  form  resin  soaps  which  are  generally  sol- 
uble in  water.  2.  Nitric  acid  converts  them  into  artificial 
tannin  (U.  S.  D.,  1 150).  3.  Concentrated  sulphuric  acid 
dissolves  many  of  the  resins  with  decomposition  and  gives 
<;olor  reactions  with  some.  4.  Tincture  of  ferric  chloride 
gives  different  colors  with  resinous  substances.  [See  Ferri- 
CUM,  No.  26.]  5,  Alcohol  containing  hydrochloric  acid  is 
colored  red  to  violet  by  myrrh  ;  yellowish  brown  to  green  by 
guaiac ;  yellow,  changing  through  brown  to  cherry-red,  by 
benzoin  or  balsam  of  Tolu ;  greenish,  changing  to  dingy  vio- 
let, by  asafoetida ;    and  brown  by  some  other  resins. 

Resorciiiimi. —  i.  An  aqueous  solution  exposed  to  the 
air  becomes  red  and  brown.  This  reaction  is  hastened  by 
the  presence  of  alkalies.  2.  With  a  dilute  solution  of  ferric 
chloride  resorcin  gives  a  violet  coloration.  3.  With  chlori- 
nated lime  or  soda  a  solution  of  resorcin  gives  a  violet  color- 
ation, changing  to  yellow.  4.  Nitrous  acid  or  spirit  of 
nitrous  ether  gives  a  dark  red  solution  with  resorcin.  Nitrous 
acid  acting  on  a  dilute  solution  of  resorcin  produces  di-nitroso- 
resorcin  (Richter,  690).  5.  Resorcin  produces  a  liquid  or  soft 
mass  when  triturated  with  acetamid,  acetanilid,  ammonol, 
antipyrin,  borneol,  camphor,  carbolic  acid,  chloral  alcohol- 
ate,  euphorin,  exalgin,  menthol,  methacetin,  or  urethane. 
With  lead  acetate,  pyrocatechin,  or  sodium  phosphate  it 
gives  a  slightly  damp  powder,  which  quickly  dries. 

Saccharvim. — i.  A  solution  of  sugar  heated  with  lime, 


Io8  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

magnesia,  litharge,  and  other  metaUic  oxides  and  hydrates 
form  saccharates,  chemical  compounds  which  are  more  or  less- 
soluble  in  water.  2.  The  presence  of  sugar  hinders  or  pre- 
vents the  precipitation,  or  dissolves  the  precipitate,  of  many- 
metallic  hydrates  or  oxides  which  are  normally  formed  when 
alkali  hydrates  are  added  to  solutions  of  metallic  salts.  The 
interference  is  most  marked  in  case  of  lead,  antimony,  cop- 
per, mercuric,  ferrous,  ferric,  aluminum,  zinc,  calcium,  and 
magnesium  salts.  3.  Very  strong  nitric  acid  with  sugar,  in 
the  cold,  forms  explosive  nitrosaccharose  (Allen,  i.  214). 
Moderately  concentrated  nitric  acid  converts  sugar  into  sac- 
charic and  tartaric  acids,  and  with  heat  into  oxalic  acid  and 
carbon  dioxide  (Allen,  I.  214,  240),  4.  With  concentrated 
sulphuric  acid  sugar  is  decomposed,  forming  carbon,  while 
formic  acid,  sulphur  dioxide,  and  other  gases  are  given  off 
(Allen,  I.  2  1 5).  5 .  Sugar  warmed  with  dilute  solutions  of  acids,. 
or  heated  for  some  time  with  v/ater,  is  changed  to  invert- 
sugar.  6.  When  a  concentrated  solution  of  sugar  and  potas- 
sium hydrate  is  heated,  carbon  dioxide,  acetone,  acetic, 
propionic,  and   oxalic   acids   are   formed  (M.  &  M.,  iv.  551). 

7.  Chlorine  or  bromine  oxidizes  sugar  to  gluconic  acid,  glu-^ 
cose  and  other  products.  The  same  reaction  takes  place  in 
the    presence    of   lead    or  silver  oxide    (M.   &  M.,  iv.  551). 

8.  Iodine  with  potassium  carbonate  and  sugar  yields  a  little 
iodoform  (M.  &  M.,  IV.  551).  9.  Dilute  chromic  acid  solution 
oxidizes  sugar  to  oxalic,  formic,  and  carbonic  acids  (M.  &  M., 
IV.  551).  10.  Potassium  permanganate  converts  sugar 
into  oxalic,  formic,  and  carbonic  acids  (M.  &  M.,  iv.  551). 
II.  Sugar  triturated  with  potassium  chlorate,  permanga- 
nate, or  bichromate,  or  with  other  strong  oxidizing  agents, 
is  liable  to  cause  an  explosion. 

Sacchtiruin  Lactis. —  i.  Milk-sugar  in  alkaline  solution 
reduces  salts  of  silver,  mercury,  bismuth,  or  copper  (N.  D., 
1398).  2.  Nitric  acid  first  inverts  milk-sugar  and  then  forms 
mucic  and  saccharic  acids,  and  if  heated  forms  tartaric  and 
racemic  acids  and  finally  oxalic  acid.      3.   Dilute  acids  invert 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  109 

milk-sugar,  forming  dextrose  and  galactose.  4,  A  mixture 
of  sulphuric  and  nitric  acids  with  milk-sugar  gives  lactose 
pentanitrate,  which  is  explosive  (M.  &  M.,  IV.  553).  5.  Chro- 
mic acid  with  milk-sugar  yields  aldehyde  (M.  &  M.,  IV.  553). 
6.  Alkali  permanganates  oxidize  milk-sugar.  7.  Silver 
oxide  oxidizes  it,  forming  oxalic,  glycoUic,  and  lactonic  acids 
(M,  &  M.,  IV.  553).  8.  Milk-sugar  with  a  solution  of  iodine 
and  sodium  bicarbonate  yields  a  little  iodoform  (M.  &  M,, 
IV.  553).  9.  Triturated  with  oxidizing  agents,  it  is  liable  to 
cause  an  explosion. 

Salicinuin. —  i.  Salicin  is  not  readily  precipitated  by 
any  of  the  common  precipitants,  2.  Dilute  acids  or  water 
with  heat  changes  it  to  glucose  and  saligenin. 

Salicylates.     [See  Acidum  Salicylicum.] 

Salocoll. —  I.  Phenocoll  salicylate  gives  a  violet-red  color 
with  a  tincture  of  iron.  2.  Triturated  with  chloral  hydrate 
it  liquefies. 

Salol. —  I.  Salol  in  alcoholic  solution  gives  a  violet  color 
when  a  dilute  solution  of  ferric  chloride  is  added  to  it.  If, 
however,  a  little  of  the  salol  solution  be  added  to  the  ferric 
chloride  solution,  a  white  cloudiness,  but  no  violet  color,  will 
appear  (U.  S.  P.,  344).  In  aqueous  solution  no  increase  of 
color  results.  2.  Bromine  water  added  to  an  alcoholic  solu- 
tion of  salol  will  cause  the  formation  of  long  needle-shaped 
crystals,  consisting  of  a  bromo-derivative.  3.  Strong  solu- 
tions of  alkalies  heated  with  salol  saponify  it,  forming  a 
salicylate  and  carbolic  acid  (Allen,  III.  part  I.  60).  4.  When 
salol  is  triturated  dry  with  borneol,  camphor,  monobromated 
camphor,  carbolic  acid,  chloral  alcoholate,  chloral  hy- 
drate, euphorin,  exalgin,  naphtalin,  pyrocatechin,  resin, 
thymol,  trional,  or  urethane,  a  liquid  or  soft  mass  results. 
It  gives  a  slightly  damp  powder  with  antipyrin,  quickly 
drying. 

Salophen. — Salophen,  on  account  of  the  salicylic  acid 
which  it  contains,  gives  a  violet-red  color  with  tincture  of 
iron. 


no       ■        INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

Santonin. —  i.  Santonin  on  exposure  to  light  turns 
yellow,  forming  photo-santonic  acid  and  a  yellow-resinous 
body  (N.  D,,  1414).  2.  With  alkali  hydrates  in  solution 
it  forms  santoninates,  which  are  soluble  in  water.  3.  An 
aqueous  solution  of  santoninate  is  precipitated  by  lead  acetate 
or  lead  subacetate  as  lead  santoninate.  It  is  also  precipi- 
tated by  tannic  acid,  ferrous  sulphate,  copper  sulphate, 
chlorine  water,  and  by  acids  if  the  solution  of  santoninate  is 
not  too  dilute.  4.  Santonin  is  turned  pink  or  red  by  potas- 
sium hydrate  in  the  presence  of  alcohol.  5.  Heated  with 
nitric  acid,  santonin  forms  carbon  dioxide,  succinic,  oxalic, 
and  acetic  acids  (M.  &  M.,  IV.  429). 

Sapo.  —  I.  Aqueous  solutions  of  soap  are  decomposed  by 
mineral  acids,  which  combine  with  the  base,  liberating  the 
free  fat  acid.  2.  Aqueous  solutions  of  metallic  salts  give 
precipitates  of  metallic  oleates  with  soaps.  3.  Soap  is  fre- 
quently alkaline,  and  when  so  it  makes  a  black  mixture  with 
calomel,  due  to  the  mercurous  oxide  formed.  4.  It  may 
precipitate  hydrates  or  oxides  from  solutions  of  metallic  salts. 

Soda. — Sodium  hydrate  has  the  incompatibilities  of  the 
fixed  alkali  hydrates.      [See  HYDRATES,  Fixed  Alkali.] 

Sodii  Arsenas. — Sodium  arsenate  is  frequently  alka- 
line.     [See  AciDUM  Arsenicum.] 

Sodii  Benzoas. — [See  Acidum  Benzoicum.] 

Sodii  Boras. —  i.  A  saturated  solution  of  borax  gela- 
tinizes mucilage  of  acacia.  [See  Acacia,  No.  5.]  2.  Borax 
is  alkaline  in  reaction  and  precipitates  metallic  compounds 
and  alkaloids  from  solutions  of  their  salts.  Glycerin  pre- 
vents this  by  decomposing  the  borax.  3.  Glycerin  and 
borax  react  in  the  presence  of  water,  liberating  boric  acid. 
[See  Glycerinum,  No.  i.]  Glucose,  some  other  forms  of 
sugar,  and  honey  cause  a  similar  reaction.  4,  When  tritu- 
rated with  alum,  borax  forms  a  damp  powder  or  sticky  mass. 
Chemical  reaction  takes  place  and  the  water  of  crystallization 
is  liberated.  5.  Borax  liberates  chloroform  from  a  solution 
of  chloral  hydrate.     6.   Sugar  makes  borax  more  soluble  in 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  m 

water  (VV.  D.,  xvil.  6i).  7.  Borax  increases  the  solubility 
in  water  of  boric,  benzoic,  salicylic,  and  stearic  acids,  various 
resins,  and  oils.  8.  Borax  forms  with  many  of  the  weaker 
acids,  double  salts  in  which  the  boric  acid  appears  to  act  the 
part  of  a  base.  9.  When  tartaric  acid  and  borax  are  mixed  in 
solution  in  proper  proportions  boric  acid  separates;  if  the 
quantity  of  tartaric  acid  is  gradually  increased,  the  quantity  of 
boric  acid  also  increases  up  to  a  certain  point,  beyond  which 
it  diminishes  (Watts,  I.  648).      [See  AciDUM  BORICUM.] 

Sodii  Bromidum.    [SeeAcmuM  Hydrobromicum.] 

Sodii  Carbonas.     [See  Carbonates.] 

Sodii  Chloridum.     [See     Acidum     Hydrochlori- 

CUM.] 

Sodii    Hypophosphis.      [See    Acidum    Hypophos- 
phorosum.] 

Sodii  Hyposvilphis.     [See  Sodii  Thiosulphas.] 
Sodii  lodiiim.     [See  Acidum    Hydriodicum.] 
Sodii  Nitris.     [See  Acidum  Nitrosum.] 
Sodii  Phosphas. —  i.   The  official  sodium  phosphate  is 
slightly   alkaline   in  reaction,   and   precipitates    some    of  the 
alkaloids  from  aqueous  solutions    of    their    salts,    and    also 
neutral  solutions  of  salts  of  nearly  all  common   metals.      2. 
Sodium  phosphate  gives  a  liquid  or  soft  mass  when   rubbed 
with  acetamid,  carbolic  acid,  chloral  hydrate,  lead  acetate^ 
pyrocatechin,  pyrogallol,    or   salicylic  acid.       It    forms   a 
slightly  damp  powder  with  antipyrin,  resorcin,  or  sodium 
salicylate.     [See  Acidum  Phosphoricum.] 

Sodii  Fyrophosphas.    [See  pyrophosphoric  acid  under 
Acidum  Phosphoricum.] 

Sodii  Salicylas.  [See  Acidum  Salicylicum.] 
Sodii  Sulphas.  [See  Acidum  Sulphuricum.] 
Sodii  Thiosulphas. — i.  Sodium  thiosulphate  (hypo- 
sulphite) in  aqueous  solution  is  decomposed  by  nearly  all 
acids,  forming  sulphur,  and  sulphurous  acid.  2.  Aqueous 
solutions  of  thiosulphates  are  decomposed  into  hydrogen  sul- 
phide  and   sulphuric   acid   when   boiled   (M.  &   M.,  IV.  705). 


112  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

3.  Sodium  thiosulphate  precipitates,  as  thiosulphates,  solu- 
tions of  barium  chloride,  silver  nitrate,  lead  acetate,  and 
mercurous  nitrate.  The  precipitates  arc  white,  but  those 
■of  the  last  three  salts  turn  black  on  standing,  forming  the 
sulphide  of  the  metal  and  sulphuric  acid.  4.  Sodium  thio- 
sulphate with  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride  gives  a  dark  violet 
•color,  due  to  ferric  thiosulphate.  The  solution  soon  loses  its 
color  because  the  salt  formed  changes  to  ferrous  sulphate.  5 .  In 
acid  solution  sodium  hyposulphite  reduces  iodine  to  hydriodic 
acid;  6.  chlorates  to  chlorine  and  hydrochloric  acid;  7. 
chromates  to  chromic  salts;  8.  permanganates  to  manganic 
salts;  9.  arsenic  compounds  to  arsenous.  10.  Sodium  thio- 
sulphate forms  double  thiosulphates  with  many  metallic  salts. 
II.  Solutions  of  sodium  thiosulphate  dissolve  silver  iodide, 
silver  bromide,  silver  chloride,  mercuric  iodide,  and  other 
salts  (Watts,  V.  630).  12.  In  very  dilute  solutions  it  prevents 
the  precipitation  of  some  of  the  alkaloids  by  gold  chloride. 
It  combines  with  the  gold  to  form  a  double  thiosulphate. 
13.  An  acidulated  solution  bleaches  vegetable  colors  on 
account  of  its  reducing  properties.  14.  When  sodium  thio- 
sulphate is  triturated  with  potassium  chlorate,  nitrate,  or  per- 
manganate, or  other  strong  oxidizing  agents,  explosion  is 
liable  to  take  place. 

Spiritus. — Water  causes  a  separation  of  the  volatile  sub- 
stance from  all  of  the  official  spirits  except  spirit  of  nitrous 
ether,  spirit  of  ammonia,  whiskey,  and  brandy.  They  all 
contain  alcohol  and  consequently  have  the  reactions  of 
alcohol. 

Spiritus  ^theris  Compositus.  [See  Oleum  ^the- 

REUM.] 

Spiritus  ^tlieris  Nitrosi. — i.  The  ethyl  nitrite  in  the 
spirit  of  nitrous  ether  is  decomposed  by  alkali  hydrates, 
forming  alcohol  and  a  nitrite  of  the  alkali.  2,  The  spirit  of 
nitrous  ether  readily  undergoes  decomposition,  forming  alco- 
hol, aldehyde,  nitrous  acid,  nitric  acid,   and  other  products. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


113 


3.  The  spirit  has  the  incompatibilities  mentioned  under 
nitrous  acid.      [See  Acidum  NiTROSUM.] 

Spiritus  Amiuonise. — Spirit  of  ammonia  has  the  same 
incompatibilities  as  water  of  ammonia,  except  as  they  are 
modified  by  the  alcohol.  With  solutions  of  alkaloidal  salts 
the  ammonia  liberates  the  alkaloids,  but  the  alcohol  has  a 
tendency  to  keep  them  in  solution.  [See  HYDRATE,  Vola- 
tile Alkali.] 

Spiritus  Animoniie  Aroinaticus. — The  incompati- 
bilities of  this  preparation  are  similar  to  those  of  the  spirit  of 
ammonia,  and  in  addition  the  ammonium  carbonate  with 
acids  liberates  carbon  dioxide.  Aqueous  or  weak  alcoholic 
liquids  cause  the  separation  of  the  aromatic  oils. 

Spiritus  Camphorae.    [See  Camphora  and  Spiritus.] 

Spiritus  Frunienti. — Whiskey  usually  contains  a  little 
tannic  acid. 

Spiritus  Gaultlierise.  [See  Methyl  Salicylas  and 
Spiritus.] 

Spiritus  Glonoini. — If  the  alcohol  is  allowed  to  evap- 
orate the  nitroglycerin  may  become  sufficiently  concentrated 
to  cause  explosion  when  struck.  [See  Glonoinum  and 
Spiritus.] 

Spiritus  Vini  Gallici. — Brandy  usually  contains  a 
little  acetic  and  tannic  acids. 

Stramonium.     [See  Atropina.] 

Strontii  Bromidum.  [See  Strontium  and  Acidum 
Hydrobromicum.] 

Strontii  Lactas.  [See  Strontium  and  Acidum  Lac- 
ticum.] 

Strontium. —  i .  Salts  of  strontium  in  aqueous  solution  are 
precipitated  by  the  soluble  carbonates,  phosphates,  or  oxa- 
lates as  strontium  carbonate,  phosphate,  or  oxalate.  2.  The 
soluble  sulphates,  chromates,  or  alkali  hydrates  precipitate 
from  concentrated  solutions  the  strontium  sulphate,  chromate, 
or  hydrate. 

Stryclinina. — i.   Strychnine   combines   with   acids    to 


114 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


form  salts.  2.  Strychnine  salts  in  aqueous  solution  are  pre- 
cipitated by  the  reagents  mentioned  under  ALKALOIDS,  Nos. 
2  and  3.  3.  In  rather  strong  solutions  of  strychnine  sulphate 
the  soluble  chlorides,  bromides,  and  especially  the  iodides 
are  liable  to  cause  precipitation  of  the  strychnine.  The  pre- 
cipitation may  not  take  place  for  several  days.  In  explaining 
the  cause  of  the  trouble  several  factors  must  be  taken  into 
consideration.  Frequently  the  commercial  samples  of  the 
alkali  iodides  and  bromides  are  alkaline  from  the  carbonate 
which  was  left  in  to  aid  their  keeping,  and  this  alkali  would 
liberate  and  precipitate  the  strychnine.  The  compound  which 
potassium  iodide  forms  with  strychnine  is  only  sparingly  sol- 
uble in  water,  but  the  corresponding  compounds  formed  with 
potassium  chloride  and  bromide  are  more  soluble.  Some 
writers  partially  explain  the  precipitation  by  saying  that  the 
compounds  formed  are  less  soluble  in  water  containing  the 
inorganic  salts  than  they  are  in  water  alone.  Alcohol  tends 
to  prevent  the  precipitation.  4.  Hydrochloric  acid  added 
to  a  solution  of  strychnine  hydrochloride  gives  a  crystalline 
precipitate  (M.  &  M.,  iv.  517).  5.  Alkaline  substances  like 
sodium  phosphate,  potassium  cyanide,  sodium  arsenate, 
and  Fowler's  solution  will  cause  a  precipitation  when  added 
to  an  aqueous  solution  of  a  strychnine  salt.  6.  Precipitation 
by  gold  chloride  is  prevented  to  some  extent  by  adding  to 
the  gold  chloride  an  equal  weight  of  sodium  thiosulphate. 
[See  AuRi  ET  SODii  Chlorodi,  No.  i.]  7.  Strong  nitric 
acid  if  hot  converts  the  alkaloid  into  the  yellow  explosive 
compound  which  is  probably  the  nitrate  of  nitrostrychnine 
(Watts,  V.  440).  8.  One  dram  of  dilute  nitrohydrochloric 
acid  with  seven  drams  of  water  containing  one  fourth  of  a 
grain  of  strychnine  sulphate  gives  a  yellow  coloration  in  a  few 
days.  In  stronger  solutions  the  change  takes  place  more 
quickly.  The  chemical  products  have  not  been  definitely 
determined.  9.  Potassium  permanganate  in  alkaline  solu- 
tion yields  ammonia,  oxalic  acid,  carbon  dioxide,  and  another 
crystalline  acid,  but  in  acid  solution  potassium  permanganate 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  115 

gives  an  amorphous  acid  with  strychnine  (M.  &  M.,  iv.  517). 
10.  The  physiological  incompatibilities  are  atropine,  aconite, 
morphine,  chloral  hydrate,  potassium  bromide,  physostig- 
mine,  hydrocyanic  acid,  amyl  nitrite,  chloroform,  alcohol, 
digitalis,  curarine,  nicotine,  paraldehyde,  and  urethane. 
Sulphates.     [See  Acidum  Sulphuricum.] 
Sulphites.     [See  Acidum  Sulphurosum.] 
Siilphoiial. —  I.   Sulphonal  is  not  readily  acted  upon  by 
alkalies,   acids,    or   oxidizing  agents.       2.    It    liquefies    when 
triturated  with  chloral  hydrate. 

Sulphur. — Sulphur  readily  dissolves  in  hot  aqueous 
solutions  of  hydrates  of  potassium,  sodium,  barium,  or 
calcium,  forming  polysulphides  and  thiosulphates.  2.  Tritu- 
rated dry  with  strong  oxidizing  agents,  as  potassium  chlorate 
or  permanganate,  explosion  is  liable  to  occur. 

Syrupus  Acidi  Hydriodici. — Syrup  of  hydriodic  acid 
sometimes  becomes  yellow  or  brown,  due  to  the  formation  of 
iodine.       [See   Saccharum,    Acidum    Hydriodicum,    and 

lODUM.] 

Syrupus  Allii, — Syrup  of  garlic  darkens  in  the  light. 
It  contains  acetic  acid.      [See  Acidum  Aceticum.] 

Syrupus  Calcis.  [See  Saccharum  and  Liquor 
Calcis.] 

Syrupus  Ferri  lodidi. — Syrup  iodide  of  iron  has  the 
incompatibilities  of  soluble  iodides  and  of  ferrous  salts, 
modified  by  the  presence  of  sugar.  [See  Ferrosum  and 
Acidum  Hydriodicum.] 

Syrupus  Hypophosphltum.     [See   Acidum    Hypo- 

PHOSPHOROSUM.] 

Syrui>us  Ipecacuanhge. — Syrup    of    ipecac    contains 

acetic  acid. 

Syrupus  Scillae. — Syrup  of  squills  contains  acetic  acid. 
Tannates.     [See  Acidum  Tannicum.] 
Tartrates.     [See  Acidum  Tartaricum.] 
Terebenuni. —  i.   Terebene    on    exposure    to    air    and 

light    resinifies    and    becomes   acid.      2.    It    combines    with. 


Il6  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

chlorine,  bromine,  and  iodine  to  form  additive  products.  3. 
In  many  reactions  it  resembles  oil  of  turpentine. 

Tlieobroniiiia. —  i.  Theobromine  acts  like  a  weak  base, 
and  also  like  a  weak  acid.  2.  It  combines  with  strong  acids 
to  form  salts  that  are  quite  readily  decomposed  by  water.  3. 
It  dissolves  in  an  excess  of  an  alkali  hydrate  solution.  4. 
From  an  aqueous  solution  theobromine  gives  a  crystalline  pre- 
cipitate with  silver  nitrate,  mercuric  chloride,  and  gold 
chloride.  5.  With  many  of  the  general  alkaloidal  reagents 
it  gives  no  precipitate. 

Thiol. — Thiol  is  precipitated  from  its  aqueous  solutions 
by  alkali  hydrates,  mineral  acids,  and  metallic  salts  (Cob- 
lentz,  yy). 

Thymol. — i.  Thymol  unites  with  alkalies  to  form  sol- 
uble salts  (U.  S.  D.,  1360).  2.  With  excess  of  bromine 
water  solutions  of  thymol  yield  a  yellowish-white  precipitate 
of  a  bromo-derivative,  which  gradually  collects  to  form 
globules  of  a  yellowish  liquid  (Allen,  II.  449).  3.  A  solution 
of  thymol  with  iodine  and  potassium  hydrate  gives  a  red 
amorphous  precipitate  of  iodothymol  (M.  &  M.,  IV.  715).  4. 
Spirit  of  nitrous  ether  gives  a  green  and  then  a  brown  color, 
changing  the  thymol  to  nitroso-thymol.  5.  Thymol  absorbs 
ammonia-gas  and  becomes  liquid  (M.  &  M.,  IV.  715).  6. 
Thymol  reduces  gold  and  platinum  from  solutions  of  their 
salts.  7.  Chromic  acid  oxidizes  thymol  to  thymoquinone 
(M.  &  M.,  IV.  715).  8.  Thymol  gives  a  liquid  or  soft  mass 
when  rubbed  with  acetamid,  acetanilid,  antipyrin,  borneol, 
camphor,  monobromated  camphor,  carbolic  acid,  chloral 
alcoholate,  chloral  hydrate,  euphorin,  exalgin,  menthol, 
pyrocatechin,  quinine  sulphate,  resin,  salol,  or  urethane. 
It  is  said  to  liquefy  with  butyl  chloral  hydrate. 

Tinctura  Ferri  Chloridi. — Tincture  of  ferric  chloride 
contains  free  hydrochloric  acid.  [See  Ferricum  and 
AciDUM  Hydrochloricum.] 

Tinctura  lodi. — An  old  tincture  of  iodine  usually  con- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


117 


tains  some  hydriodic  acid,  which  prevents  the  precipitation  of 
the  iodine  when  water  is  added.      [See  lODUM.] 

Tolypyrin. — Tolypyrin  gives  the  same  color  reactions 
with  ferric  chloride  and  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  as  antipyrin 
(Coblentz,  79). 

Tragacaiitha. —  i.  Tragacanth  is  colored  yellow  by  a 
solution  of  sodium  hydrate  (Allen,  i.  355).  2.  An  aqueous 
mixture  is  thickened  by  alcohol,  and  by  neutral  and  basic 
lead  acetate  (not  coagulated  by  borax,  silicates,  or  ferric 
salts)  (Allen,  i.  355). 

Trional. — i.  Trionalwhen  rubbed  with  chloral  hydrate 
or  salol  gives  a  liquid  or  soft  mass. 

Urea. — Urea  becomes  soft  or  liquid  when  triturated  with 
bromal  hydrate,  chloral  alcoholate,  chloral  hydrate,  lead 
acetate,  pyrocatechin,  or  pyrogallol. 

Uretliaiiuiii. —  i.  Urethane  in  the  presence  of  iodine  and 
an  alkaline  hydrate  or  carbonate  produces  iodoform.  2. 
Urethane  with  an  alcoholic  solution  of  potassium  hydrate 
gives  large  crystals  of  potassium  cyanate  (M.  &  M.,  i.  679). 
3.  When  urethane  is  triturated  in  a  mortar  with  acetamid 
antipyrin,  borneol,  bromal  hydrate,  butyl  chloral  hydrate, 
camphor,  carbolic  acid,  chloral  alcoholate,  chloral  hydrate, 
euphorin,  exalgin,  menthol,  naphtol,  pyrocatechin,  pyrogal- 
lol, resin,  resorcin,  salicylic  acid,  salol,  thymol,  or  benzoic 
acid,  a  liquid  is  produced. 

Viiium. — Wine  generally  contains  some  tannic  acid. 
[See  AciDUM  Tannicum  and  ALCOHOL.] 

Vitellus.     [See  Albumin.] 

Ziiici  Cliloricluni. — Zinc  chloride,  like  gold  and  mer- 
curic chlorides,  has  a  strong  tendency  to  combine  with 
organic  bases,  as  strychnine,  morphine,  and  quinine  (U.  S. 
D.,  1469).      [See  ZiNCUM  and  AciDUM  Hydrochloricum.] 

Zinci  Sulphas.     [See  Zincum  and  Acidum  Sulphur- 

ICUM.] 

Ziiiciim. —  I.  Zinc  salts  in  aqueous  solutions  are  precip- 
itated by  the  fixed  alkali  hydrates  as  zinc  hydrate  which  is 


Il8  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

soluble  in  excess  of  the  alkali  hydrate.  2.  Zinc  salts  are 
precipitated  by  soluble  carbonates,  phosphates,  arsenates, 
or  cyanides,  as  the  basic  carbonate,  phosphate,  arsenate,  or 
cyanide.  3.  Borax  gives  a  precipitate  of  zinc  borate  or  a 
mixture  of  the  borate  and  hydrate.  4.  Tannic  acid  gives  a 
precipitate  with  concentrated  solutions  of  zinc  salts.  5.  Zinc 
salts  coagulate  albumin. 


PART   II. 


PRESCRIPTIONS  JVITH  CRITICISMS, 

In  studying  the  following  prescriptions  the  student 
should  try  to  make  out  for  himself,  so  far  as  possible, 
wherein  the  trouble  lies,  and  what  he  would  do  to  prevent  or 
remedy  it,  before  referring  to  the  notes.  In  order  not  to 
overlook  any  of  the  incompatibilities  it  is  suggested  that  he 
find  out  what  effect,  if  any,  the  first  ingredient  may  have  on 
each  of  the  others ;  then  the  second  ingredient,  the  third,  and 
so  on.  Then,  taking  the  prescription  as  a  whole,  he  should 
determine  the  color  that  will  be  produced,  the  nature  and 
color  of  the  precipitate,  how  one  incompatibility  will  be 
modified  by  another,  etc.  The  student  should  practice  trans- 
lating the  Latin  into  English,  and  the  English  into  Latin. 
The  majority  of  prescriptions  which  follow  should  be  filled, 
unless  in  the  reaction  there  is  some  more  active  or  dangerous 
compound  formed.  It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  a  variation 
in  the  proportions  of  ingredients  modifies  the  results  of  com- 
bination. 


Hydrargyri  chloridi  cor.,  gr.  ij 
Potassii  iodidi,  3  ij 

Syrupi  rhei  aromatici,       f.  §  iv 
Elixiris  cinchonse,  f.  3  iv 

Misce   et   signa  :  Teaspoonful 
three  times  a  day. 


^ 


8. 


Quininas  sulphatis,  gr.  xx 

Acidi  sulphurici  aromat.,  f.  3  ss 
Ammonii  carbonatis,  3  j 

Syrupi  aurantii,    q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 
M.      S.     Cochleare      parvum 
t.  i.  d. 


I^ 


3. 

Calomel, 

Potassium  chlorate, 

Sugar,  povvd.. 

Mix  and  make  six  powders 

Label  :  One  every  two  hours. 


gr-  vj 
3j 
3j 


3 


4. 


3  iiss 


Ammonii  carbonatis, 

Syrupi  tolutani, 

Syrupi  scillse,  aa.  f, 

Misce  et  fiat  solutio. 

Sig.  Teaspoonful  when  cough 


»J 


ing. 


119 


120 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


5. 


^ 


Quininae  sulphatis, 
Olei  carophylli, 
Potassii  jiermanganatis, 
Acidi  sulphur,  aromat., 
Mucilag.  acaci^e,  q.  s.  adf. 
AT.     S.    Tablespoonful 
three  hours. 


3ij 
gtt.  ij 
gr.  iij 
f.  3ij 
3  viij 
every 


6. 


I^ 


Tincturse  guaiaci, 
Muc.  acaciffi,  aa.  f.  §  j 

M.      S.      Teaspoonful     every 
three  hours. 

7. 

Bismuthi  subnitratis,  3  ij 

Sodii  hypophosphitis,  3  j 

Extract!  nucis  vomicae,      gr.  v 
Misce,  fiat  pulvis  et  divide  in 
partes  aequales  No.  xxv. 


8. 


IJ 


Hydrargyri  chloridi  cor.,   gr.  \ 
Sodii  iodidi, 
Ammonii  iodidi,  aa.  3  ij 

Potassii  chioratis,  3  j 

Aquae,  f.^3  j 

S\  rupi  sarsaparillae  co.,    f.  3  iv 
M.     S.  Teaspoonful  in   wine- 
glass of  water  after  each  meal. 


9. 


U 


Potassium  chlorate,  gr.  xl 

Sodium  hypophosphite,  gr,  xxx 
Water,  enough  to  make  f.  3  xx 
Mix   and  label :  Use   as   gar- 
gle. 

10. 

Borax, 

Zinc  sulphate,  aa.  3  ss 

Mix.     Dissolve  one  teaspoon- 
ful in  cup  of  water. 


11. 


U 


Extracti  buchu  fl.,  f.  35$; 

Spiritus  aetheris  nitrosi,      f •  3  j 
Potassii  acetatis,  3  ij 

Syrupi,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 

Misce  et    signa :  Teaspoonful 
half  hour  after  meals. 


12. 


^ 


Tinct.  digitalis,  f.  3  ij' 

Tinct.  ferri  chloridi,  f.  3  iss. 
Acidi  phosphorici  diluti,  f •  3  j, 
AqucC,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  ij 

M.     S.  Teaspoonful  in    some 
water  twice  a  day. 


13. 


U 


Quininae  sulphatis,  gr.  xx 

Plumbi  acetatis,  gr.  xl 

Bismuthi  subnitratis,  3  ss. 

Syrupi  aurantii  cort., 

q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 
M.     S.  Teaspoonful  every  four 
hours. 


U 


14. 

Sugar  of  lead,  3  ss 

Alum,  gr.  XV 

Rose  water,  f.  3  iv 

Mix  and  label :  Lotion. 

15. 

Quininae  sulph.,  gr.  xvj 

Acidi  tannici,  3j 

Acidi  sulphurici  arom.,        TT|,v 
Syr.  eriodictyi  arom., 

q.  s.  ad  f.  3  ij 
M.     S.    Teaspoonful  twice   a 
day. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES   IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


121 


16. 

Olei  morrhuae, 
Syr.  ferri  iodidi, 
Olei  gaultheriae, 
Syrupi, 
Liquoris  calcis, 


TTlv 

f.  3xv 

M.     S.  Dessertspoonful  twice 
a  day. 


U 


17. 

Liq.  arseni  et  hydrarg.  iodidi, 
lo  Cc. 
Potassii  iodidi,  5  Gm. 

Quininse  sulphatis,  2  Gm. 

Acidi  sulphurici  aromat.,   q.  s. 
Syrupi,  q.  s.  ad  300  Cc. 

M.     S.  4  Cc.  after  each  meal. 


^ 


18. 

Sodii  salicylatis,  gr.  xx 

Quininae  sulphatis,  gr.  xx 

Syrupi  zingiberis,  f.  3  ij 

M.      S.  Teaspoonful  doses. 


19. 


3 


21. 


Liquoris  acidi  arsenosi,  f.  3j 

Hydrargyri  chlor.  cor.,  gr.  j 

Strychninse  sulphatis,  gr.  j 

Spiritus  vini  rectificati,  f.  3  j 

Aquae,  f.  3  j 
Misce.       Signa  :    Teaspoonful 
night  and  morning. 


20. 


^ 


Potassii  bromidi,  3  iij 

Chloralis,  3  iv 

Elixiris  aromatici,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  ij 
M.     S.   Take  one  teaspoonful 
at  night. 


5 


3  ss 
gr.  xl 


Plumbi  subacetatis, 
Zinci  sulphatis, 
Tinct.  catechu  co., 
Tincturae  opii.  aa.  f.  3  ss 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  viij 

M.     S.   Injection.     Shake  well 
before  using. 


22. 


^ 


Hydrargyri  chloridi  cor.,  gr.  iij 
Albuminis,  3  iss 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  x 

Misce  et  cola. 

Signa:  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 


23. 


n 


Sodii  phosphatis,  3  v 

Syrupi  rhei,  f.  3  iv 

Syrupi,  f.  3  ss 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  3  ij 

M.     S.  Teaspoonful  in  a  little 
water  before  meals. 


24. 


^ 


Ammonii  carbonatis,        gr.  xx 
Ammonii  chloridi,  gr.  xxx 

Syrupi  allii,  f.  3  j 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  ij 

M.     S.   One-half    teaspoonful 
as  required. 


25. 


3 


Sodii  boratis,  gr.  x 

Zinci  sulphatis,  gr.  ij 

Aquae  camphorae,  f .  3  j 

Aquae  rosae,  q.  s.  ad  f  3  j 

M.     S.   Put  one  drop  in  each 
eye  night  and  morning. 


122 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


26. 


B 


Syrupi  scillse, 

Syrupi  ipecac,  aa.  f.  3  j 

Syrupi  eridictyi  arom.,      f.  3  ij 
Potassii  iodidi,  3] 

Spiritus  setheris  nit.,  f.  3  ij 

Glycerini,  f.  3  iv 

Syrupi  acidi  citrici, 

q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iij 
Misce.      Signa :    Teaspoonful 
when  coughing. 


27. 


3 


f.ij 


Tinct.  ferri  chlor., 
Tinct.  iodi  comp., 
Liq.  pot.  arsenit., 
Ac.  phosphor,  dil.,      aa.  f.  3  iv 
Quininae  sulph.,  3  j 

Rhei  pulv.,  3  ss 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  viij 

Misce.    Sig.  Teaspoonful  after 
meals. 


28. 


n 


Quinine  sulphate,  3  j 

Stryclinine  sulphate,  gr.  j 

Sulphuric  acid  dil.,  3  ij 

Iron  pyrophosphate,  sol.,      3  j 
Syrup  ginger, 

enough  to  make  f.  3  vj 
Mix.    Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 


29. 


n 


Iodine,  gr.  xxx 

Spirit  of  camphor,  f.  1  j. 

Soap  liniment,  f.  1  iij 

Mix   and  label  :  Apply  as  di- 
rected. 


n 


30. 

Pepsini  saccharati,  3  ij 

Bismuthi  et  amnion,  cit.,  3  j 
Acidi  hydrochlorici  dil.,  gtt.  xl 
Aquae,  f.  3  ij 

Misce  et  fiat  solutio. 
Sig.  Dose,  one  teaspoonful. 

31. 

Sodii  hypophosphitis,  gr.  xx 
Acidi  sulphurosi,  3  j 

Aquse  cinnamomi,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  ij 
M.     S.  Teaspoonful  for  vom- 
iting. 


32. 


5 


Hydrargyri  chlor.  mit.,      gr.  ij 
Potassii  iodidi,  gr.  xl 

Misce  et  fiat  pulvis  et  in  char- 

tulas  decem  divide. 

Signa:  One  powder  after  each 

meal. 


33. 


3 


Tinct.  nucis  vom., 

Acidi  nitromur.,  aa.  f.  3  ij 

Elixiris  quininae  co.,  N.  F., 

f.  3  iiiss 
M.      S.    Teaspoonful     in     an 
ounce  of  water  after  meals. 


34. 


5 


3  ss 

3j 
gr.  V 


Quininse  sulphatis, 
Potassii  iodidi, 
Strychninae  sulph., 
Tinct.  cardam.  co., 
Syr.  zingiber.,  aa.  f.  3  ij 

Aquae  fontanae,     q.  s.  ad  O.  ss 
M.     S.   Take  one  tablespoon- 
ful  night  and  morning. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


123 


35. 


3 


Ammonii  carbonatis,  3  j 

Syrupi  ipecacuanhse,  f .  3  j 
Vini  pepsini, 

Misturge  amygdalae,  aa.  f.  3  j 

M.     S.  Teaspoonful  in    milk 
every  three  hours. 


n 


36. 

Potassii  chloratis,  gr.  iv 

Sulphuris  praecip.,  gr.  vj 

Antimonii  sulphur.,  gr.  j 

Sacchari,  gr.  x 

Tere.     Fiant  chartulae  2. 
Signa  :  Insufflation, 

37. 

Vini  ipecacuanhae,  f ,  3  iij 

Syrupi  scillse,  f.  3  vj 

Olei  terebinthinse,  f.  3  iss 

Tinct.  opii  camphoratse,  f .  3  v 
Liquoris  ammonii  acet.,  f.  |  iss 
Syrupi,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 

M.    S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
-a  day. 

38. 

C,,H,.N03,  gr.  14 

KI,  dr.  2i 

C3H,0,,  oz.  li 

H,0,  oz.  2 

M.      S.      Teaspoonful  every 
four  hours. 


5 


39. 

Potassium  chlorate,  f  ss 
Fluid  hydrastis  colorless,  f.  |  ss 

Carbolic  acid,  gtt.  v 

Tincture  of  myrrh,  f.  |  ss 
Peppermint  water, 

q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iij 
Mix  and  label :  Gargle. 


5 


40. 

Copaibae, 

Tinct.  ferri  chlor., 

Tinct.  cantharid.,       aa.  10  Co. 

Glycerini,  20  Cc. 

Syrupi,  50  Cc. 

M. 

41. 

Camphorae, 

Chloralis,  aa.  5  Gm. 

Cocainae  hydrochloratis,  5  Dg. 
M.     S.  To  be  applied   exter- 
nally as  directed. 


B 


^ 


42. 

Chloroformi, 

Acidi  nitrici, 

Creosoti,  aa.  f.  3  ij 

M.     S.  For  cauterizing. 

43. 

Sodii  boratis,  3  ij 

Chloralis,  3  j 

Alcoholis,  f.  3  ss 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  vj 

Misce  et  fiat  lotio. 

44. 

Liquor,  ferri  chloridi,        f.  3  ij 
Potassii  chloratis,  gr.  xxx 

Glycerini,  f.  3  j 

M.     S.  Teaspoonful    twice    a 
day. 


n 


45. 

Potassii  chloratis,  3  ij 

Acidi  hydrochloric!,  f.  3  ij 

Aquae,  f.  3  viij 
M.     S.  Gargle. 


124 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


B 


46. 


Tinct.  cimicifugae,  f.  3  vj 

Tinct.  sanguinariae,  f.  §  ss 

Tinct.  lobelise,  f.  y,  iss 

Syrupi  tolutani,  f.  3  ij 

Syrupi  scillae  co.,  q.  s.  ad  f.  |  iij 
M.     S.   Tablespoonful     every 
hour  until  cough  is  relieved. 


47. 


15 


Iodoform, 
Tannic  acid, 
Mix    and    label 
abraided  surface. 


aa.  3  ij 
Dust    over 


I^ 


48. 

Ammonii  carbonatis,  3  j 

Hydrarg.  chlor.  mitis,      gr.  xij 
M.     Ft.  capsulse  No.  viii. 
Sig.  One  every  three  hours. 


49. 


15 


Potassii  cyanidi,  3  j 

Morphinge  acet.,  gr.  ij 

Acidi  acetici,  gtt.  ij 

Syrupi,  q.  s.  ad  f.  $  viij 

M.     S.  Cochleare  parvum  ter 
in  die. 


50. 


B 


Tincturae  ferri  chloridi,  f.  3  ij 
Spiritus  setheris  nitrosi,  f.  3  iv 
Mucilaginis  acaciae,  f.  3  j 

Syrupi,  q.  s.  ad  f.  |  iij 

M.       S.    Teaspoonful       three 
tiifies  a  day. 


n 


51. 

Potassii  citratis, 
Potassii  bicarbonatis, 
Liquoris  potassae, 
Ext.  buchu  fiuidi, 
Spiritus  setheris  nitrosi, 
Syrupi  limonis,    q.  s.  ad 
M.      S.  Tablespoonful 
times  a  day. 


3  vjl 

3  iij 

f.  3ij 

f.  3vj 

f.  3iv 

f-  i  vj 

three 


52. 


5 


gr-  3 
gr.  ss. 
gr.  ss. 


Bichloride  of  mercury. 
Sodium  arsenite, 
Strychnine  sulphate. 
Carbonate  of  potass.. 
Dried  sulphate  of  iron,  aa.  gr.  ix 
Mix  and  divide  into  nine  pills. 
Label :  One  after  each  meal. 


63. 


3 


Ant] 

pyrin, 

gr- 

XX 

Calomel, 

gr 

.  X 

Sod 

um  bicarb. 

f 

3  j 

Mix 

and  make 

20 

powd 

ers. 

54. 


3 


Sodii  salicylatis,  3  iiss- 

Syrupi  limonis,  f.  |  ij 

M.   S.  Teaspoonful  three  times- 
a  day. 


55. 


n 


3ij 

f.!j 

3  iss 
i  iss 


Potassii  iodidi, 
Spiritus  aetheris  nit., 
Tinct.  ferri  chloridi, 
Tinct.  gentianae  co., 
Glycerini, 
Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 

M.    S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day  before  meals. 


f.  3  ss 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


125 


56. 


'H 


Fowler's  solution,  f.  3  ij 

Sol.  of  dialyzed  iron,        f.  3  iv 
Mix.       Label :      Teaspoonful 
after  meals. 


57. 


1^ 


Liq.  strychninae,  B.  P.,  1.5  Cc. 

Sodii  bicarbonatis,        3.0  Gm. 
Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  loo.o  Cc. 

Misce    et   signa  :  Teaspoonful 
three  times  a  day. 


58. 


R 


Liquoris  potass,  arsenitis,  f .  3  j 
Hydrargyri  chloridi  cor.,  gr.  j 
Aquae,  f.  |  iv 

Misce  et  fiat  sol.    Sig.  Dessert- 
spoonful three  times  a  day. 


59. 


n 


Quininse  sulph.,  gr.  x 

Potassii  acetatis,  gr.  xx 

Acidi  sulphurici  dil.,        gtt.  iv 
Aquae  cinnamomi,  q.  s.  ad  f .  3  j 
M."      S.      Teaspoonful     after 
meals. 


60. 


n 


Strychninae  hydrochlor.,     gr.  j 
Tinct.  cinchonae,  f.  §  j 

Liq.  ferri  dialysati,  f.  3  ss 

Liq.  potassii  arsenitis,       f.  3  ij 
Syrupi,  f.  3  iij 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  vj 

M.     S.  Capiat   cochleare  par- 
vum  post  prandium. 


^ 


61. 

Quininae  sulph.,  3  j 

Morphinae  sulph.,  gr.  iij 

Strychninae  sulph.,  gr.  f 

Acidi  arsenosi,  gr.  1^ 

Ext.  belladonnae,  gr.  v 

Aconitinse,  gr.  ij 

Ferri  bromidi,  3) 
M.     Ft.  pil.  No.  XXIV. 

62. 

Strychnine  sulph.,  gr.  ^ 
Dil.  nitrohydrochlor.  acid,  3  ij 

Water,  to  make  f  j 

Mix.      Label :    Thirty  drops, 
after  meals. 


B 


5 


63. 

Liq.  ammonii  acet., 

Syrupi  ferri  iodidi,      aa.  f.  3  ss 

Syrupi  tolutani,  f.  3  ij 

Hydrarg.  chlor.  corrosivi,  gr.  ss 

Creosoti,  f.  3  ss 

M. 

64. 


Iodoform  i. 

Acidi  carbolici, 

Zinci  oxidi, 

Balsami  peruvi., 

Petrolati  mol., 

M.     S.  Apply  as  directed. 


gr.  XX 
gr.  XXX 


aa  I) 


65. 


5 


Potassium  iodide. 
Fowler's  solution,  aa.  f  ss 

Mix.  Take    five    drops    in    a 
little  water  three  times  a  day. 


126 


INCOMPATIBILITIES   IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


^ 


5 


66. 

Carbolic  acid,  cryst., 

Euphorin, 

Aristol, 

Tannic  acid, 

Dried  alum,  aa.  gr.  xl 

Cacao  butter, 

a  sufficient  amount 
Make  suppositories  No.  xl. 

67. 

Quininae  sulph.,  gr.  xvj 

Aquae,  f.  3  ij 

Acidi  sulphurici  dil.,  q.  s. 

Ext.  glycyrrhizae  fl., 

q.  s.  ad  f.  1  ij 
M.  et  ft.  mist. 

68. 

Tinct.  ferri  chlor.,  f.  3  iv 

Potassii  chloratis,  3  j 

Glycerini,  f.  3  j 

Ext.  glycyrrhizae  fl.,  f.  3  j 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 

M.     S.  One  teaspoonful  four 
times  a  day. 


I^ 


69. 

Ferri  reducti,  3.  o  Gm. 

Acidi  arsenosi,  0.35  Gm. 

Quininae  sulph.,  8.  o  Gm. 

Strychninae  sulph.,  0.35  Gm. 
Extract;  gentianae,  8.  o  Gm. 
M.     Ft.  pil.  No.  XL. 

70. 

Acidi  carbolici,  3  iss 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  ^  j 

M.     S.  Use   with  camel-hair 
brush. 


71. 


3 


Liq.  ammonii  acet., 
Acidi  acetici, 
Tinct.  ferri  chlor., 
Glycerini, 

Mucilaginis  acaciae, 
M.      S.    Teaspoonful 
three  hours. 


f.  |iv 
f.3j 

f.  1  ss 
f.  3  ss 

f-  3  iij 
every 


72. 


5 


Hydrarg.  chlor.  cor., 
Muc.  acaciae, 

gr-  iij 

Aquae, 

Liquoris  calcis, 
M. 

aa.  3  ij 

73. 


I^ 


Syrupi  acidi  hydriodici,    f.  3  ij 
Bismuthi  subnit.,  3  iss 

M.  S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 


3 


74. 

Sodii  bicarbonatis,  3  ij 

Pepsini,  gr.  xxiv 

Sodii  bromidi,  3  j 

Rhei  pulv.,  gr.  xxxij 

M.    Ft.  chart.  No.  xii. 

75. 

Sodii  phosphatis,  gr.  xxx 

Strychninae  sulph.,  gr.  ss 

Syr.  aurantii  corticis,  3  ij 

M.  S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 


5 


76. 

Alcohol,  30  Cc. 

Iodine,  10  Gm. 

Turpentine,  200  Cc. 

Mix.    To  be  used  as  a  spray. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


127 


77. 


n 


Hall's  sol.  of  strych.,  f.  3  ij 
Fowler's  sol.  of  arsenic,  f.  3  ij 
Alcohol,  f.  1  iiss 

Mix.     Label :  Teaspoonful  in 
half  glass  of  water  after  meals. 


78. 


n 


Tinct.  myrrh^e, 
Morph.  acetatis, 
Acidi  tannici, 
Syr.  zingiberis, 
Misce  et  fiat  sol. 
Sig.  Teaspoonful  at  6,  8,  and 
10  o'clock  P.M. 


f.  3ij 

gr-  ij 

3  ss 
I  iss 


79. 


^ 


Hydrargyri  chlor.  cor.,  .5  Gm. 

Ammonii  carbonatis,    2.5  Gm. 

Potassii  iodidi,  2.5  Gm. 

Aquas,  q.  s.  ad  150  Cc. 

M.  S.  Dilute  with  three  times 
its  volume  of  water  and  use  as 
directed. 


80. 


n 


Potassii  chloratis,  3  ij 

Syi'.  ferri  iodidi,  f.  3  ij 

Vini  antimonii,  f.  3  ss 

Spt.  chloroformi,  f.  3  ij 
Aquae,                 q.  s.  ad  f.  §  viij 

M.  S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 


^ 


81. 

Liq.  ammonii  acetatis,  f.  §  ij 

Aq.  camphorae,  f.  3  iss 

Spiritus  astheris  nit.,  f.  3  ss 

Antimonii  et  pot.  tart.,  gr.  ss 

Morphinae  acetatis,  gr.  ss 
M. 


I^ 


n 


82. 

Potassii  chloratis,  i.o  Gm. 

Potassii  salicylatis,        0.5  Gm. 
Cinchona  pulv.,  3.0  Gm. 

Carbonis  ligni,  5  o  Gm. 

M.  Divide  into  10  powders. 
S.  One  just  after  a  meal. 

83. 

Calcii  hypophosphitis,  2.5  Gm. 
Ferri  lactatis,  .3  Gm. 

Potassii  chloratis,  4.0  Gm. 

M.     Ft.  pil.  No.  XXX. 
84. 


I^ 


3ij 


Iodine,  resublimed, 
Mercurial  oint., 
Camphor,  aa.  3  iij 

Alcohol,  f.  3  ij 

Water,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 

Mix  and  label  :  Apply  as  oint- 
ment to  the  neck. 
85. 

Boric  acid,  3  iv 

Creolin,  3j 

Water,  3  xv 

Mix  and  label :    Lotion  for  the 
eye. 

86. 

Magnesii  carbon.,  3  iss- 

Sodii  boratis, 

Acidi  citrici,  aa.   3  ij 

Aquae  bullientis,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  viij 
M.     S.  Tablespoonful    in   the. 
morning  before  breakfast. 
87. 

Auri  et  sodii  chloridi,      gr.  xij 
Strychninae  sulph.,  gr.  j 

Atropinae  sulphatis,  gr.  I 

Ext.  cinchonae  fl.,  f.  3  iij 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  v| 

M.     Ft.  sol. 


128 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


88. 


3 


ti 


Morphinae  sulph.,  gr.  iv 

Atropinae  sulph., 

32  (1-500  gr.)  tablets 
Aquae,  f  iv 

M.   S.  Teaspoonful  every  three 
jf-juarters  of  an  hour. 


89. 

Potassii  permanganatis,    gr.  xx 
iExt.  glycyrrhizae,  gr.  xx 

<ilyceriti  amyli,  q.  s. 

M.     Fiant  pil.  No.  xxv. 

90. 

Acidi  sulphurici,  f.  3  j 

Acidi  nitrici,  f.  3  j 

Olei  terebinthinae,  f.  3  ss 

Alcoholis,  f.  3  ij 
M.     S.  Caustic. 

91. 


n 


^ 


3 


Acidi  salicylici, 

Sodii  bicarbonatis,  aa.  3  j 

Aquas,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  vj 

M.     Ft,  sol. 

Sig.   3  j  t.  i.  d. 

92. 

Tinct.  ferri  chloridi,  lo.o  Cc. 
Acidi  phosphorici  dil.,  10. o  Cc. 
Quininse  sulph.,  5.0  Gm. 

Strychninae  sulph.,  o.i  Gm. 
Aquae  dest.,  100. o  Cc. 

Syrupi  limonis,  80.0  Cc. 

M.  S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 

93. 

Quinine  bisulph.,  3  ss 

Antikamnia,  3  j 

Elixir  aromatic,  f,  3  xx 

Mix  and  label :  Two  teaspoon- 
fuls  every  four  hours. 


B 


5 


I^ 


94. 

Tinct.  ferri  chloridi,  3  iv 

Acidi  carbolici,  3  j 

Acidi  sulphurosi,  3  iij 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  3  viij 

Misce  et  signa  :  Gargle. 

95. 

Pot.  chlorat., 

Calc.  hypophosphit.,  aa.  gr.  xv 
Magnesii  sulphatis,  gr.  xxx 
Ferri  sulphatis,  gr.  vj 

Liq.  strychninae,  fTj,  xx 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iij 

Misce  et  signa  :    Teaspoonful 
ree  times  a  day. 
96. 

Sodium  salicylate,  gr.  x 

Ammonium  carbonate,     gr.  iij 

Sp.  of  nitrous  ether, 

Sp.  of  chloroform,         aa.  1U  x 

Water,         enough  to  make  3  j 

Mix. 

97. 
Codeine, 

Dil.  phosphoric  acid, 
Dil.  hydrocyanic  acid 
Tincture  of  iodine. 
Water,  enough  to  make  f.  3  iv 
Mix.  Label :  TablespoOnf  ul  at 
ght. 

98. 


q.  s. 
m  XX 

m  X 


Calomel,  gr.  xv 

Lime  water,  3  iv 

Mix  and  apply  as  directed. 


^ 


99. 

Hydrargyri  chlor.  cor., 

Glycerini, 

Liq.  calcis  saccharati, 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  O.  j 

M.     S.  Lotion. 


gr.  v 

3  ss 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


129 


^ 


100. 

Potassii  bromidi,  gr.  x 

Antipyrini,  gr.  v 

Tinct.  ferri  chloridi,  ^,  x 

Spiritus  chloroformi,  TTl  x 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  j 

M.  S.  Teaspoonful  twice  a  day. 
101. 

Gold  chloride,  gr.  x 

Menthol,  cryst.,  3  j 
Coinp.  tinct.  of  iodine,      f .  3  v 

Glycerin,  f.  3  vj 

Water,  q.  s.  ad  f.  §  ij 

Mix  and  label :  To  be  used 
^'ith  an  atomizer. 
102. 

Ext.  digitalis  fl.,  f.  3  iij 

Potassii  acetatis,  3  iij 

Elixiris,  f.  j  ij 
Aquae,                   q.  s.  ad  f.  |  vj 

Misce  et  signa  :  Teaspoonful 
-every  four  hours. 
103. 

Solution  of  arsenic,  Br, P.,  TTi  cxl 
Gold  and  sodium  chloride, 

gr.  iss 
Water,  enough  to  make  3  j 

Mix.  Label :  Teaspoonful  after 
meals. 

104. 

Tinct.  ferri  chlor.,  3  ss 

Potassii  chloratis,  3  iv 

Morphinae  sulph.,  gr.  ij 

Aquae,  I  iv 
M. 

105. 

Codeine  sulphate,  gr.  xij 

Ammonium  bromide,  3  ss 

Water,  to  make  f.  3  iij 

Mix.     Label :  Teaspoonful  at 
bedtime. 


106. 


5 


Morph.  acetatis,  .05  Gni, 

Potassii  iodidi,  2.0  Gm. 

Ferri  sulphatis,  i.o  Gm. 

Aquje,  50.0  Cc. 

M.     S.  Cochleare  parvum  om- 
nibus noctibus. 


^ 


107. 

Bismuthi  subnit.,  3  j 

Sodii  bicarbonatis,  gr.  xxx 

M.     Fiant  pil.  No.  xx. 

108. 

Potassii  bromidi,  gr.  xv 

Hydrargyri  chlor.  mitis,     gr.  v 
Misce    et    fiat    pulvis ;    mitte 
tales  No.  xii. 


3 


109. 

Plumbi  acetatis,  3  ss 

Zinci  sulphatis,  gr.  xv 

Aquae  rosae,          q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 
Misce  et  signa :    Injection. 

110. 


n 


Aq.  hydrogenii  dioxidi,  3 

Zinci  sulphatis,  3  v 

Acidi  carbolici,  3 

Glycerini,  3 

Aquae,                     q.  s.  ad  3  vii 
Misce  et  fiat  lotio. 
Signa  :  Apply  locally. 

111. 

Bismuthi  subnit.,  gr.  xx 

Plumbi  subacetatis,  gr.  xxx 

Morphinae  sulph.,  gr.  j 

Sodii  bicarbon.,  3  j 

Misce   et  divide  in  chartulas 

decem. 

Signa  :  One  powder  two  hours 

after  each  meal. 


130 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


5 


112. 

lodol,  0.5  Gm. 

Yellow  oxide  of  mercury, 

0.2  Gm. 
Petrolatum,  lo.o  Gm. 

Mix  and  make  an  ointment. 


117. 


I^ 


113. 

Antipyrin, 

Sodium  salicylate,     aa.  gr.  xxx 

Mix  and  make  15  powders. 


114. 


3 


Thymol, 

Salicylic  acid, 

aa. 

gr.  xxx 

Menthol, 

gr.  XX 

Eucalyptol, 

3  iss 

Benzoic  acid. 

3j 

Sodium  bicarbonate, 

Borax, 

aa.  3  ij 

Oil  of  wintergi 

•een, 

3  ss 

Glycerin, 

Water,           aa 

q.  s.  ad  f.  3  xvj 

Mix.     Label : 

Gargle. 

115. 


^ 


Quininse  sulphatis, 
Potassii  iodidi,  aa.  gr.  vij 

Ac.  nitrohydrochlorici,      Tr[  xx 
Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  |  ij 

M.      S.     Teaspoonful       after 
meals. 


116. 


3 


Quinine  bisulphate,  3  ss 

Basham's  mixture,  f.  3  iv 

Mix.       Label :      Teaspoonful 
every  other  hour. 


R 


Hydrastine  sulphate,  gr.  y 

Boracic  acid, 

Borax,  aa.  gr.  vi) 

Tinct.  of  opium,  gtt.  xx 

Water,  f.  3  j 

Mix.     Mark  :  Put  2  drops   in 

each   eye  two   or  three  times   a 

day. 

118. 

Antipyrin,  3  ] 

Sp.  of  nitrous  ether,  f.  3  j 

Tincture  of  aconite,  gtt.  xx 
Elixir,  enough  to  make  f.  |  ij. 
Mix. 

119. 

Quininae  sulphatis, 
Acidi  tartarici, 

Potassii  iodidi,  aa.  gr.  xij 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  §  ij 

Misce.     Signa  :  Cochleare  par- 
vum  bis  vel  ter  in  die  sumatur. 


3 


3 


120. 

Resorcin,  10  Gm. 

Glycerin,  15  Gm. 

Spirit  of  nitrous  ether,  10  Cc. 
Water,  35  Cc. 

Mix. 

121. 

Acidi  carbolici,  3  ij 

Aquae  ammoniae,  3  iv 

Spiritus  vini  rectificati,  3  j 

M.     S.  Use  with  atomizer. 


3 


122. 

Tincturae  aconiti,  f .  3  j 

Tincturae  iodi,  f.  3  ij 

Linimenti  saponis, 
Aquae  ammonia,  aa.  f.  3  ij 

M.     S.  Embrocation. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


131 


B 


123. 


Quininae  sulphatis,  3  iss 

Strychninae  sulphatis,  gr.  ss 
Tinct.  ferri  chloridi,  3  iss 

M.     S.   Half  a  teaspoonful  in 

a  glass  of  water  three  times   a 

day 


124. 


3 


Tinct.  ferri  chlor.,  f.  3  ij 

Aquse  gaultheriae,  f.  §  iij 

Syrupi  tolutani,  f •  I  j 

M.     S.  Teaspoonful  one  half- 
hour  after  meals. 


^ 


125. 

Salol, 

Thymol,  aa.   3  j 

Ext.  of  nux  vomica,  gr.  x 

Ext.  of  glycyrrhiza,  gr.  xv 

Po.  soap,  a  sufficient  quantity. 
Mix  and  divide  into  20  pills. 


126. 


3 


gr-  iJ 


Morphinae  sulph., 

Sp.  setheris  nitrosi, 

Aquae,  aa.  f.  3  ss 

Misce.  Signa :  Capiat  coch- 
leare unum  parvum  quoties  re- 
quiritur. 


127. 


B 


Hydrargyri  chlor.  cor.,  gr.  ss 
Liq.  potass,  arsenitis,  f.  3  iss 
Quininae  sulphatis,  gr.  x 

Aq.  menth.  piper.,  q.  s.  ad  f.  5  j 
M.    S.  Half  teaspoonful  three 
times  a  day. 


I^ 


5 


128. 

Tinct.  ferri  chlor.,  f.  ^  ss; 

Glycerini,  f.  3  iss. 

Aquae  ammoniae,  f.  3  iij 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 

Mix  and  make  a  solution. 

129. 

Liquoris  ferri  dialysati,    f.  3  iv 
Syrupi,       _  f .  3  j 

Mucilaginis  acaciae,  f.  3  iv 

Misce. 

130. 


B 


3) 


Hydrargyri  chlor.  mitis, 
Ammonii  chloridi,  j  j 

Misce  et  divide  in  partes  aequa- 

les  viginti. 

Sig.     Sumat  unam  bis  vel  ter 

in  die. 

131. 

Acetanilid,  gr.  xxx 

Spirit  of  nitrous  ether. 
Syrup,  aa.  3  j 

Mix   and   label :    Teaspoonful 
every  hour  until  fever  subsides. 
132. 

Amyl  nitritis,  f .  3  j 

Alcoholis,  f.  3  j 

Potassii  iodidi,  3  j 

Syrupi  limonis,     q.  s.  ad  f.  3  i) 
Misce.     Cito  dispensetur  ! 
Signetur  :  A  teaspoonful  to  be 
taken  every  hour. 

133. 

Ext.  Valerianae  fl.,  1. 1  iss 

Ext.  taraxaci  fl.,  f.  3  ss 

Tinct.  gentianae  co.,  f.  3  iv 

Magnesii  sulphatis,  §  '\^ 
Aqus,                     q.  s   ad  O.  ss 
M.     S.  Tablespoonful  twice  a 
day. 


132 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


B 


134. 

Tincturae  iodi,  3  ij 

Glycerini,  3  j 

Aquse,  q.  s.  ad  |  ij 

M.     S.  Apply  locally. 

135. 

3 

Liquoris  bismuthi,  N.  F.,  f.  |  ss 
Tinct.  nucis  vomicae,  f.  3  iiiss 
Vini  pepsini,  f.  |  j 

Elix.  gentianae,    q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 
M.   S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 

136. 

Hydrarg.  chlor.  mit., 
Cocainae  hydrochlor.,    aa.  gr.  j 
Pepsini,  gr.  iv 

Aquae,  quantitas  sufficiens 

Divide  in  pilulas  numero  octo. 


3 


137. 

Liq.  plumbi  subacet.  dil., 
Tincturae  opii,  aa.  f.  ^  ss 

Aquae.  f .  I  j 

M.     S.   Lotion. 

138. 

Ext.  digitalis  fl.,  8  Cc. 

Ext.  erythroxyli  fl.,  30  Cc. 

Sp   aetheris  nit.,  30  Cc. 

Glycerini,  30  Cc. 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  125  Cc. 

M.   S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 

139. 

Argenti  oxidi,  gr.  vj 

Creosoti,  gtt.  vj 

Glycyrrhizae,  q.  s. 
M.     Make  six  pills. 


140. 


3 


Quinine  bisulph.,  gr.  xx 

Tincture  of  catechu  co.,  f.  3  iij 
Water,   enough  to  make  f.  3  iij 
Mix.        Mark  :      Teaspoonful 
every  hour. 

141. 

^  . 

Acidi  carbolici,  3  Gm. 

Sodii  bicarb.,  15  Gm, 

Sodii  boratis,  15  Gm. 

Glycerini,  35    Cc. 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  1000    Cc. 

Misce.     Sig.  Use  as  gargle. 


3 


142. 

Tinct.  guaiaci  amnion.,  f.  3  ij 

Mucilaginis  acaciae,  f.  3  ij 

Quininae  sulph.,  gr.  viij 

Ac.  sulphurici  dil.,  f.  3  iv 

Potassii  bicarb.,  3  iss 
Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  |  iv 
M. 

143. 

Acidi  nitrohydrochlorici,  3  vij 
Spiritus  terebinthinae,  |  j 

Make  emulsion,  3  iv 

Sig.     Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 

144. 

Potassii  permanganatis,  2  Gm. 
Glycerini,  4  Gm. 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  50    Cc. 

M.     S.  Apply  externally. 


145. 


3 


Spiritus  aetheris  nit.,  f.  3  j 

Potassii  citratis,  3  ij 

Syrupi,  f.  3  j 

M.     S.  Capiat  cochleare  par- 
vum  post  prandium. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


133 


B 


146. 


Hydrargyri  chlor.  cor.,      gr.  ij 
Infusi  cinchonae,  3  iv 

Sp.  ammoniae  aromatici,       3  ij 
M.      S.    Cochleare    minimum 
bis  in  die. 


147. 


I^ 


Alum, 

Zinc  sulphate,  aa.  3  ij 
Lead  acetate,  3  iss 
Tannic  acid,  3  ss 
Mix.  Label :  One  to  two  tea- 
spoonfuls  in  a  pint  of  water.  Use 
locally. 


B 


148. 

Cocaine  hydrochlorate,     gr.  ij 

Salicylic  acid,  3  ij 

Phenacetin, 

Exalgin,  aa.  3  j 

Mix  and  make  30  powders. 


149. 


B 


Magnesiae  calc,  3  ss 

Sodii  bicarb.,  3  iij 

Sp.  ammonite  arom.,         f.  3  iv 
Tinct.  zingiberis,  f.  3  iij 

Syr.  tolutani,  f.  3  j 

Aq.  menth.  piper.,  q.s.  ad  f.  3  iv 
M.     S.   Dessertspoonful   after 
meals. 


5 


150. 

Tinct.  ferri  chloridi,  3  iss 

Sodii  hyposulphitis,  3  iss 

Potassii  chloratis,  3  iij 

Quininae  sulphatis,  gr.  xv 

Aquae,  f.  3  ij 
M.    S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 


151. 


n 


Acidi  hydrobromici,  TTl  x 

Phenacetini,  gr.  xl 

Quininae  sulph.,  gr.  xx 

Hydrargyri  chlor.  mit.,       gr.  v 
Codeinse  sulph.,  gr.  ij 

Ext.  nucis  vomicae,  gr.  ij 

Misce     et     divide     in     partes 

aequales    decem    ingerendas     in 

capsulas  gelatinosas. 

Sig.    Horum    capsularum    una 

sumatur  omni  trihorio. 


152. 


5 


^ 


Acidi  hydrocyanici  dil.,  ■n[  xxx 
Sodii  bicarbonatis,  3  iv 

Syrupi,  q.  s.  ad  1  ij 

M.    S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 

153. 

Acetanilid, 
Salol,  aa.  3  j 

Monobromated  camphor,  3  ss 
Mix  and  make  40  pills. 

154. 

Liquoris  zinci  chloridi,  f.  3  j 
Hydrargyri  chlor.  cor.,  gr.  iv 
Liquoris  calcis,  f.  3  ij 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 

Misce.     Signa :    Apply  as   di- 
rected. 


I^ 


155. 

Piperazin, 

PhenocoU  hydrochlor.,    aa.  3j 

Syrup  simple. 

Elixir  aromatic,  aa.  f.  3  j 

Peppermint  water,  f.  3  j 

Water,    enough  to  make  f.  3  ij 

Misce  et  fiat  sol. 


134 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


5 


156. 

Tinct.  ferri  chloridi,  3  Cc. 

Tinct.  guaiaci  amnion.,  30  Cc. 
Tinct.  aloes,  15  Cc. 

Syrupi,  q.  s.  ad  120  Cc. 

M. 

157. 

Morph.  sulph.  !  !  !,  gr.  vij 

Ext.  hyoscyami,  gr.  v 
Ext,  cannabis  indicae,        gr.  v 

Misce.     Dispensa   in  capsulas 

decern. 

Signa:    Cursu   noctis  una  su- 

matur. 


158. 


^ 


Ferri  sulphatis,  gr.  xxx 

Acidi  tannici,  gr.  x 

Syrupi,  f.  J  j 

Aquas,  f.  3  ij 

M.     S.  Teaspoonful  every  two 
hours. 


159. 


li 


Chloral  hydrate,  gr.  xl 

Camphor,  gr.  x 

Syrup  of  ginger,  f. J  ij 

Water,  f.  3  iij 

Mix  and  mark  :  Teaspoonful 
three  times  a  day. 


5 


160. 

Ferri  et  quin.  cit.,  3  j 

Ac.  phosphor,  dil.,  f.  3  j 

Tinct.  cardamomi  co.,  f.  3  iij 

Syr.  limonis,  f.  3  ij 


Aquae, 


q.  s.  ad  f.  1  ij 


M.      S.    Teaspoonful   twice   a 

day. 


161. 


5 


Potassii  cyanidi,  gr.  iss 

Hydrarg.  chlor.  mitis,  gr.  xxiv 

Tragacanthae, 

Aquae,  aa.  quantum  requiritur 

ut  fiat  massa  in  pilulas  trigin- 

ta  formanda. 
Signa  :     Capiat    pilulae    duas 
omni  nocte. 


162. 


n 


Potassii  bromidi,  3  vj 

Aquae  camphorae,  f.  3  vj 

M.     S.  Dessertspoonful  before 
retiring  at  night. 


163. 


5 


3iv 
f.  3ij 


Rochelle  salt. 
Elixir  of  vitriol, 
Camphor  water, 

enough  to  make  f.  3  iij 
Mix  and  label :  One  ounce,  to 
be  repeated  if  necessary. 


164. 


5 


Ext.  gelsemii  fl.,  TU  xij 

Antipyrini,  3  ij 

Ammonii  iodidi,  gr.  xx 

Liq.  pot.  arsenitis,  f.  3  j 

Elixiris,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  ij 

M.    S.  Teaspoonful  every  two 
or  three  hours. 


165. 


^ 


Tinct.  digitalis,  f.  3  ij 

Sp.  ammon.  arom.,  f.  3  iij 

Strychninae  sulph.,  gr.  ss 

Elix.  calisayae,  ad  f.  3  vj 

Misce    et     signa  :  Cochleare 
parvuiii  ter  in  die. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


135 


n 


166. 

Extracti  cannab.  ind.  fl.,    f.  3  j 
<^opaib8e,  f.  3  iv 

Tinct.  guaiaci, 

01.  terebinthinae,         aa.  f.  3  ij 
Tinct.  camphorae,  f.  3  iss 

Syr.  zingiberis,     q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 
Misce.    Fiat  mistura. 

167. 


H 


Acidi  carbolici, 

3j 

Collodii, 

3  vij 

M.     Ft.  sol. 

Sig.     Apply    with 

camel-hair 

brush. 

n 


3 


168. 

Fowler's  solution,  f.  3  ij 

Infusion  of  cinchona,  f.  |  vss 

Tinct.  of  nux  vomica,  f.  3  ij 
Mix. 

169. 

Liq.  plumbi  subacet.,       f.  3  ss 
Muc.  acaciae,  f.  3  j 

Aq.  destil.,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 

M.     Ft.  lotio. 

170. 

Silver  nitrate,  1.15  Gm. 

Sodium  chloride,  0.6  Gm. 

Water,  200  Cc. 

Mix.     Label :  Use  as  an  eye- 
wash. 


3 


171. 

Lithii  salicylatis,  3  ij 

Ferri  et  amnion,  cit.,  3  iv 

Syr.  limonis, 

Aquae,  aa.  f.  3  iv 

M. 


172. 


n 


Calcii  hypophosphitis,  gr.  xv 
Hydrarg.  chlor.  cor.,  gr.  ss 
Syr.  sarsaparil.  co.,  f.  ^  ij 

M.     S.    Teaspoonful    two    or 
three  times  a  day. 


173. 


I^ 


Hydrarg.  chlor.  mit. ,  gr.  x 

Santonini,  gr.  xij 

M.  et  fiant  capsulae  No.  2. 
S.    To    be  taken  three    hours 
apart. 

174. 

Carbolic  acid  cryst.,  gr.  c 

Gum  arabic,  3  ss 

Benzoin, 

Balsam  of  tolu,  aa.  gr.  x 

Essence  of  cinnamon,         TTl,  v 
Saccharin,  gr.  v 

Alcohol,  a  suf.  quant,  to  make 
f.3ij 
Mix  and  make  a  solution. 

5  175. 

Solution  of  strychnine, 

Br.  P.,  f.  3  iss 

Potassium  iodide,  gr.  xc 

Water,  enough  to  make    f.  1  ij 

Mix.       Label  :      Teaspoonful 

after  meals. 

176. 
R 
Cocainae  hydrochlor.,         gr.  v 
Sodse  boratis,  gr.  ij 

Aquae  dest.,  3  j 

M.    S.  Drop  one  drop  in  right 
eye  at  night. 


^ 


177. 

Liq.  hydrarg.  chlor., 
Sp.  amnion,  arom., 
M.    Ft.  sol. 


3j 
3  vij 


136 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


B 


178. 


Quininae  sulph.,  1.3  Gm. 

Sodii  salicylatis,  15.5  Gm. 

Acidi  hydrobromici  dil., 

30.0  Cc. 
Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  250.0  Cc. 

M.    S.  Teaspoonful  every  four 
liours. 


B 


179. 

Ferri  et  quinin.  cit., 

Potassii  iodidi, 

Syrupi, 

Aquae, 

M. 


2  Gm. 
5Gm. 

aa.  30  Cc. 


180. 


5 


Strychninae  sulph.,  gr.  ss 

Potassii  bromidi,  3  iij 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  §  iv 

Misce  et  signa  :    Teaspoonful 
three  times  a  day. 


181. 


^ 


Calcli  hypophosphitis, 
Sodii  hypophosphitis,     aa.  3  ij 
Liq.  potassii  arsenitis,        f.  3  j 
Tinct.  ferri  chlor.,  f.  3  j 

Ac.  phosphorici  dil.,  f.  3  j 

Strychninae  sulph.,  gr.  j 

Aquae,  q.  s   ad  f.  3  iv 

M.  S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 


182. 


n 


Hydrarg.  chlor.  mitis,      gr.  xx 
Syr.  zingiberis,  f.  |  j 

Ac.  hydrochlorici,  f.  3  j 

Elixiris,  f.  |  j 

M     S.  Dessertspoonful  before 
going  to  bed. 


183. 


U 


Terpin  hydrate,  3  i| 

lodol,  gr.  V 

Amnion,  carbon.,  gr.  xl 

Glycerin,  3  iss 

Syrup  tolu, 

enough  to  make  f.  3  iv 
Mix.      Label  :    Tablespoonful 
every  two  hours. 


^ 


5 


184. 

Potassii  chloratis,  gr.  xx 

Catechu,  gr.  xxx 

M.  et  fiant  pulv.  No.  vi. 

.185. 

Menthol,  3  ss. 

Boric  acid,  3  j 

Tinct.  of  hydrastis,  f.  3  ij 

Water,    enough  to  make  f.  3  iv 
Mix.     Mark  :  Use  as  spray. 

186. 

Fl.  ext.  of  pinkroot, 
Fl.  ext.  of  senna,  aa.  f .  1  j 

Turpentine,  f .  3  j 

Santonin,  gr.  xv 

Fl.  ext.  of  dandelion,     f.  3  vij; 
Syrup,  f.  3  j. 

Mix.       Label :      Teaspoonful 
morning,  noon,  and  night. 
Shake  well  before  using. 


^ 


187. 

Massae  ferri  carbon., 
Potassii  carbonatis,        aa.  3  ss 
Acidi  arsenosi,  gr.  ss 

M.     Ft.  pil.  No.  XX. 
Sig.   One  after  each  meal. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


137" 


188. 


B 


Zinci  sulphatis, 
Cupri  sulphatis,  aa.  3  j 

Morphinae  sulph.,  3  ss 

Aquae  ros^e,  q.  s.  ad   3  j 

M.    S.    One  or  two  drops  in 
the  eyes  twice  a  day. 


189. 


e 


Cocaine  hydrochloride,  gr.  j 
Silver  nitrate,  gr.  j 

Distilled  water,  to  make    f.  3  j 
Mix  and  label  :  Put  one  drop 
in  each  eye  at  night. 

190. 

Acidi  borici,  3  j 

Sodii  boratis,  3  ij 

Mucil.  acaciae,  f.  3  iij 

Aq.menth.piper.,q.  s.  ad  f.  §  iv 
Misce.    Sig.  :  Teaspoonful  two 
hours  after  meals. 
191. 

Aquae  hydrogenii  diox.,  |  j 
Potassii  permangan.,  gr.  xx 
Aquae,  3  j 

Misceatur  conquassando. 
Signetur  :  Pars  affecta  fricetur 
nocte  maneque. 

192. 

Hydrargyri  chlor.  mit.,  gr.  viij 
Acaciae,  3  ij 

Aquae  lauro-cerasi,  f.  3  ij 

M.  S.  Shake  well.    Teaspoon- 
ful at  8  and  10  o'clock  p.m. 

193. 

Thymol,  gr.  x 

Alcohol,  f.  3  ss 

Ammonia,  f.  3  ij 

Sol.  of  chlorinated  soda,  f.  3  iss 
Mix.     Label  :  Use  as  spray. 


^ 


I^ 


^ 


194. 

Argentic  nitrate,  gr.  x 

Cocaine,  gr.  xij 

Water,        enough  to  make   3  j 
Mix  and  label  :  Lotion. 

195. 

Tinct.  ferri  chloridi,  f.  3  ij 

Quininae  sulph.,  gr.  xviij, 

Spiritus  chloroformi,  f.  3  j 

Aquae  pimentae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 
M. 

196. 

Quininae  sulph.,  3'\'y 

Potassii  citratis,  3  ij 

Acidi  citrici,  3  j 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  vj, 

M.    S.  Cochleare  medium  post 
cibum. 


197. 


^ 


Pilocarpinae  hydrochlor.,  gr.  | 
Hydrarg.  chlor.  mitis,  gr  i 
Misce.  Da  tales  numero  octo 
Signa:  Horum  pulverum  su- 
matur  unus  nocte  maneque. 


198. 


n 


ss. 


Acidi  sulphurici  cone, 

Picis  liquidae,  §  iv 

Potassii  bichromatis,  3  iij 

Misce  caute. 

Signa  :  Caustic  for  horse. 

199. 

Ung.  hydrarg.  nitratis, 
Linimenti  calcis,  aa.  f  y 

Fiat    unguentum,   more    dicta, 
utendum. 


338 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


200. 


I^ 


Ext.  gelsemii  fl.,  f.  3  iss 

Ext.  cannabis  ind.  fl.,  gtt.  xviij 
Chloralis,  3  iss 

Antipyrini,  3j 

Aquae  purae,  f •  I  j 

M.     S.  One  teaspoonful  every 
four  hours. 


^ 


B 


201. 

Liquoris  animonii  acet.,  30  Cc. 
Tinct.  ferri  chloridi,  15  Cc. 
Syrupi,  q.  s.  ad  60  Cc. 

Misce. 

202. 

Strychninae  nitratis,  gr.  ij 

Liq.  potassii  arsenitis,  f.  3  ij 
Aqu^e,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iij 

M.     S.  Dram  doses. 


203. 


B 


3  ss 
3ij 


B 


B 


Potassii  cyanidi, 

Chloralis, 

Cerati,  §  j 

Misce  et  signa  :  Unguentum. 

204. 

Quininae  sulph.,  2.0  Gm. 

Tinct.  cantharidis,  3.5  Cc. 
Spiritus  rosemarini,  15.0  Cc. 
Infusi  salvise,  120.0   Cc. 

M.     S.  Apply  to  the  scalp. 

205. 


206. 


Zinci  oxidi, 

3ij 

Zinci  carbonatis, 

3j 

Petrolati, 

!  ss 

T^iquoris  calcis, 

q.  s.  ad   3  iv 

Misce.      Signa : 

Apply    with 

friction. 

B 


Acidi  salicylici, 
Glycerini, 
Aquae  dest., 
Misce  et  fiat  sol. 
Signa :      Teaspoonful 
hour. 


3j 

3ij 

!iij 

every 


207. 


n 


Hydrargyri  chlor.  mitis,  gr.  xxx 
Tinct.  iodi  B.  P.,  3  ij 

Aquae  q.  s.  ad   3  iij 

M.      S.    To    be    painted    on 
swelling  on  neck. 


208. 


^ 


Cocain.  hydrochlor., 

Morph.  sulphatis,         aa.  gr.  xv 

Chloralis  hydratis, 

Camphorae,  aa.  3  ij 

Tinct.  cannabis  ind., 

Chloroformi, 

^theris,  aa.  f.  ^  ij 

M.  S.  Ten  drops  in  a  tea- 
spoonful of  water  every  two 
hours  until  relieved. 


209. 


ft 


3ij 


Tinct.  ferri  chloridi, 
Aquae  ammoniae, 

q.  s.  to  neutralize  the  acid 
Syrupi,  f.  3  ij 

Misce.     Signa  :  Dessertspoon- 
ful three  times  a  day. 


210. 


ft 


Sodii  salicylatis,  gr.  xxx 

Spiritus  setheris  nitrosi,  TT[  xxx 
Aquae,  f.  3  ij 

Misce.     Signa  :  Cochleare  me-, 
dium  ter  quotidie. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


139 


211. 


B 


Tinct.  ferri  chloridi,  f.  |  ss 

Acidi  sulphurosi,  f.  3  ij 

Potassii  chloratis,  3  ij 

Glycerini,  f.  3  j 

Aquae,                  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  vj 
Misce.     Signa :    Use  with  at- 
omizer. 


n 


212. 

Potassii  nitratis, 

Sodii  chloridi, 

Camphorae,  aa.  3  Gm. 

Tincturse  opii, 

Aquae,  aa.  15  Cc. 

Alcoholis,  q.  s.  ad  120  Cc. 

M.     S.  Apply  with  friction. 

213. 

Hydrargyri  chlor.  cor.,    gr.  xx 
Sodii  boratis,  3  ij 

Aquae  destil.,  |  iv 

Fiat  lotio.     Saepe  utenda. 

214. 

Liq.  potassii  arsenitis, 
Syrupi  ferri  iodidi, 
Syrupi  tolutani,  3  iss 

M.    S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day 


3 


aa.  3  ij 


215. 


^ 


Piperazini,  3  j 

Teratur  bene.    Fiant  pulveres 
duodecim. 

216. 

Cocaine  hydrochloride,      gr.  v 
Gallic  acid,  gr.  x 

Oxide  of  zinc  ointment,      3  iv 
Vaseline,  to  make  3  j 

Mix.     Label  :  Apply  locally. 


3 


217. 


5 


Acidi  carbolici  cryst.,  gr.  x 

Plumbi  acetatis,  gr.  x 

Thymol,  gr.  xv 

Morphinae  sulph.,  gr.  ij 

Olei  theobromatis,  3  iij 

Misce     accuratissime.  Fiant 
suppositoria  numero  decern. 


218. 


^ 


Quinine  sulphate,  gr.  xv 

Sodium  benzoate,  gr.  x 

Aromat.  sulphuric  acid,      ^,  x 
Elixir,      enough  to  make  f.  3  j 
Mix.      Label :    One    half    tea- 
spoonful  three  times  a  day. 


219. 


5 


Mercuric  chloride,  gr.  ij 

Tinct.  chloride  of  iron,      f.  |  j 
Quinine  sulphate,  3  j 

Dilute  hydrobromic  acid,  f.  3  j 
Water,  to  make  f.  3  vj 

Mix.        Label :      Teaspoonful 
three  times  a  day. 


5 


220. 

Raw  linseed-oil,  f.  f  viij 

Potassium  nitrate, 

Lead  acetate. 

Sulphuric  acid,  aa.  3  ss 

Carbolic  acid,  3  ij 

Mix  and  label :  Caustic. 


221. 


B 


3  viss 

3ij 

gr-  ij 

f.  3  1 


Potassii  acetatis, 
Sodii  bicarbonatis, 
Morphinae  sulphatis, 
Tinct.  ferri  chlor., 
Quininae  sulphatis,  gr.  x 

Aquae  dest.,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  vj 

M.   S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 


I40 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS, 


222. 


5 


Strychnine,  gr.  j 

Caffeine,  gr.  iij 

Arsenous  acid,  gr.  j 

Iodoform,  gr.  yiij 

Syrup  of  hydriodic  acid,  f.  J  ij 
Syrupof  hypophosphites.f.  3  vj 
Mix.      Label  :       Teaspoonful 
four  times  a  day. 


223. 


^ 


Iodoform,  3  ij 

Balsam  of  Peru,  3  iij 

Glycerin,  3  xiv 

Mix  and  mark :  Apply  as  di- 
rected. 


^ 


224. 

Carbolic  acid, 

Vaselin, 

Bay  rum,  aa.  3  j 

Mix  and  use  externally. 


B 


225. 

Tinct.  ferri  chlor.,  f.  3  ij 

Sodii  salicylatis,  Zjv 

Liq.  ammon.  acet.,  f.  3  j 

01.  gaultheriae,  gtt.  x 

Glycerini,  f^  |  ss 
Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 
M. 


^ 


226. 

Exalgin,  gr.  x 

Phenacetin,  gr.  xv 

Camphor,  gr.  v 

Salol,  gr.  XV 

Mix  and  make  10  powders. 


n 


227. 

Hydrarg.  perchloridi,         gr.  ij: 

Potassii  iodidi,  3  i) 

Sp.  chloroformi, 

Tinct.  cinchonse,  aa.  f.  3  j 

Quininae  sulph.,  3  ss 

Aquae,  3  ij 

M. 

228. 

Sp.  ammoniae  arom.,  f.  3  ij 

Liquoris  calcis,  f.  §  iiss 

M.      S.     Dessertspoonful      as 
needed. 

229. 

Bisniuthi  subnitratis,  3  iji 

Spiritus  ammoniae  arom.,  f.  3  ii> 
Tinct.  opii,  gtt.  xx. 

Zinci  acetatis,  3  j 

Syrupi,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iiJ! 

M.      S.     Teaspoonful      every 
three  hours  until  relieved. 


230. 


n 


Ergotin,  gr.  x 

Tinct.  of  cinnamon,  3  j 

Mix   and  label :  Take  as  di- 
rected. 


231. 


n 


Plumbi  acetatis, 
Ammonii  carbonatis,        aa.  3  }' 
Aquas  rosae.  f.  1  vii) 

Fiat  lotio.     Signa  :    Apply  on. 
lint  to  allay  irritation. 


n 


232. 

Ergotinse, 

Apioli, 

Olei  sabinae. 

Mix  and  make  18  pills. 


gr.  XX 

3  iss 
3  ss 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


141 


B 


233. 

Sodii  salicylatis,  3  ij 

Quininae  sulph.,  gr.  xxiv 

Hydrargyri  chlor.  cor.,  gr.  f 
Liq.  potassii  arsenitis,  TTl,  xlviij 
Elixiris  aromatici,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iij 
M. 

234. 

Fl.  ext.  Hydrastis  colorless,  f.  3  j 
Sodium  bicarbonate, 
Bismuth  subnitrate,         aa.  3  ss 
Borax,  3  ij 

Honey,  §  ss 

Peppermint  water, 

enough  to  make   3  vj 
Mix.       Label  :      Shake     well. 
Teaspoonful  before  meals. 
235. 

Iodine,  gr.  xxx 

Compound  camphor  lin.,  f.  3  iij 
Soap  liniment, 

enough  to  make  f.  3  ij 
Mix.  Label:  Apply  as  directed. 
236. 

Acidi  carbolici,  3  iij 

AqucB  ammonise, 
Liq.  sod.  chloratae,  aa.  3  ij 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  viij 

M.     S.  Lotion. 


^ 


237. 


Ext.  henbane,  gr.  xvj 

Ext.  cannabis  ind.  gr.  xvj 

Chloral  hydrate,  3  ivss 

Potassium  bromide,  3  ivss 

Alcohol,  3  j 

Water,  to  make  3  xvi 
Mix.     Label  :  Teaspoonful  at 

night. 

n  238. 

Calomel,  gr.  x 

Sodium  bicarb.,  gr.  xx 

Sugar,  powd.,  gr.  xl 
Mix  and  make  40  powders. 


239. 


^ 


Sodii  bicarbonatis,  3  ij 

Sodii  salicylatis,  3  iv 

Chloroformi,  3  ss 

Acidi  carboHci,  TTl  x 

Aquae  fontanae,      q.  s.  ad   3  iv 

M.  S.     Teaspoonful  one  hour 
after  meals. 


3 


240. 


Antipyrin, 

Acetanilid, 

Resorcin, 

Water, 

Mix.        Label 


aa.  2  Gm. 

3  Gm. 
100  Cc. 

Teaspoonful 


every  hour  until  the  fever  begins 
to  subside. 


241. 


n 


Cocaine  hydrochlor.,    0.8  Gm. 
Flexible  collodion,      10. o  Gm. 
Mix.     Apply   with    camel-hair 
brush. 


242. 


I^ 


Atropine  sulphate,  gr.  ij' 

Olive  oil,  3  ij 

Mix.     Label :  Apply  with  fric- 
tion. 


^ 


243. 

Chromic  acid,  gr.  iv 

Cocaine  hydrochlorate,  gr.  vj 

Water,  3  i; 
Mix.     Use  as  caustic. 

^  244. 


1^ 


Sp.  aetheris  nitrosi, 
Tincturae  guaiaci,         aa.  f .  3  j 
Tincturae  colchici,  f.  3  iv 

Syrupi,  f.  3  iij; 

M. 


142 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


^ 


245. 

Zinci  sulphatis,' 
Pot.  sulphurate,       aa.  gr.  xxx 
Aquae  rosae,  3  vj 

Mix.     Label  :  Lotion. 

246. 


3 


gr.  I 


B 


Strychnine  sulph., 
Arsenous  acid, 

-Mass  carb.  of  iron,  gr.  1 

:SuIphuric  acid  aromat.,  gtt.  iij 
•Quinine  sulphate,  gr.  xx 

iMix  and  divide  into  20  pills. 

247. 

Silver  nitrate,  gr.  x 

Potassium  permanganate,  gr.  xv 
Distilled  water,  3  ij 

Mix.     Use  as  wash. 

248. 

Guaiacol  carbonate,  gr.  uj 

Thymol,  gr.  j 

Menthol,  gr.  ss 

Eucalyptol,  ""1  v 
For    one    capsule.     Send    20 
such. 

249. 

Benzoic  acid, 

Salicylic  acid,  aa.  gr.  iij 

Cocaine  hydrochlorate,      gr.^v 
Distilled  water,  1  j 

Mix  and  make  solution  by  aid 
of  water-bath. 

Label  :  Apply  locally. 
250. 

Antikamnia,  3j 

Strychnine  sulph.,  gr.  j 

Iron  sulphate,  dried,         gr.  iij 
Quinine  sulphate,  3  j 

Mix  and  put  into  9  capsules. 
Label  :  One   every  night   and 
morning. 


251. 


^ 


Oil  of  cinnamon,  gtt.  x 

Chloroform, 

Tincture  of  opium, 

Spirit  of  camphor, 

Aromat.  spirit  of  ammonia, 

aa.  f.  3  V 
Whiskey,  3  iss 

Mix.      Dose  :    One    dram    as 
needed. 


252. 


I^ 


Argenti  nitratis,  gr.  vj 

Liquoris  Fowleri,  f.  3  j 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 

M.     S.  Teaspoonful    twice    a 
dav. 


^ 


5 


253. 

Hydrarg.  iodidi  viridis,  gr.  f 

Potassii  chloratis,  gr.  iij 

Potassii  iodidi,  gr.  f 
Chocolate,  a  sufficient  amount. 

Mix.     Make  one  tablet.  Send 
20. 

254. 

Olei  ricini, 

Glycerini,  aa.  20  Cc. 

M.   S.  Tablespoonful  at  night. 

256. 

Volatile  liniment,  |  iss 

Tincture  aconite,  3  ij 

Tincture  iodine,  3  ij 

Mix.     Apply  as  directed. 

256. 

Unguenti  hydrargyri,  3  v 

Tincturae  iodi,  f.  1  iij 

Mix  well  and  make  an  oint- 
ment.   Label:  Apply  as  directed. 


3 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


143 


257. 


^ 


Syr.  ferri  iodidi,  f.  §  j 

Antipyrini,  3  ij 

Syrupi,  f.  3  j 

M.      S.    Teaspoonful  as    di- 
rected. 


5 


5 


258. 

Acidi  carbolici,  3  j 

Potassii  pernianganatis,  gr.  xx 

Aquae,  f •  3  v 
M.     S.  Lotion. 

259. 

Plumbi  acetatis, 
Boracis,  aa.  i  Gm, 

Glycerini,  20  Cc. 

Aquas,  80  Cc. 

M.     S.  Apply  as  directed. 

260. 

Acidi  tannici,  gr.  xv 

Tincturae  iodi,  f.  3  j 

Glycerini,  f.  3  ij 

Aquae,  f .  3  v 

M.     S.   Apply  twice  a  day. 

261. 

Potassii  chloratis,  3  j 

Acidi  sulphurosi,  3  iv 

Glycerini,  3  iij 

Aquae,  1  j 
M.     S.    Mix  one   teaspoonful 

with  a  glass  of  water  and  use  as 

a  gargle. 


^ 


5 


262. 

Acidi  chromjci, 

Glycerini, 

Alcoliolis, 

M.     S.  Caustic. 


SGm. 
aa.  5  Cc. 


263 


5 


Ammoniated  mercury,         3  ss 
Tincture  of  iodine,  3  ss 

Lard,  3  j 

Mix  and  make  an  ointment. 

264. 

Salol,  gr.  XXX 

Tincture  chlor.  of  iron,     f.  3  ij 
Syrup,    enough  to  make  f.  3  iij 
M.    S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 

265. 

Tinct.  of  iodine,  f.  3  ij 

Collodion,  f.  3  iij 

Ammonia  water,  f .  3  ; 

Mix.     Apply  with  camel-hair 
brush. 

266. 

^    .     .     . 
Liq.  iodi  comp.,  f.  3  ij 

Liq.  potass^,  f.  3  iv 

Olei  olivae,  f.  3  y 

M.     S.  Apply  as  directed. 

267. 

5    . 

Tinct.  chloride  of  iron,      f.  3  j 

Sol.  of  arsenous  acid,        f.  3  ss 
Quinine  sulphate,  gr.  x 

Cinnamon  water,  f.  ~  i) 

Mix.       Label  :      Teaspoonful 
three  times  a  day. 
268. 

Pyrogallic  acid,  gr.  v 

Mercuric  chloride,  gr.  ss 

Lard,  3  j 

Mix  and  make  an  ointment. 
269. 

Exalgin,  gr.  iv 

Beta-napthol,  gr.  xij 

Lard,  3  iv 
iMix. 


144 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


270. 


^ 


Olei  tiglii,  gtt.  ij 

Glycerini,  f.  3  j 

M.     S.  Take  in  two  doses  four 
hours  apart. 


^ 


gr.  X 
gr.  V 


271. 

Plumbi  acetatis, 

Acidi  pyrogallici, 

Aquae, 

M.     S.  Lotion. 

272. 

Olei  morrhuse,  f.  3  iv 

Acaciae,  3  j 

Syrupi  tolutani,  f.  3  iv 

Sodii  boratis,  gr.  xv 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  ij 
M.    S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 


273. 


B 


Strychninae  sulph., 
Potassii  cyanidi,  aa.  gr.  ss 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  ij 

M.     S.  Teaspoonful  night  and 
morning. 


^ 


3  iij 
3  ss 
3  iij 


274. 

Glycerini, 

Sodii  boratis, 

Unguenti, 

M.     S.  Apply  at  night. 

275. 

Mercuric  chloride,  gr.  j 

Tartar  emetic,  gr.  v 

Syrup  of  squills,  f.  3  ij 

Mix  and  label :  Half  teaspoon- 
ful as  directed. 


276. 


^ 


Morphine  hydrochlor.,     gr.  iss 
Codeine,  gr.  iij 

Ammonium  chloride,       gr.  xx 
Water,     enough  to  make  f.  %  ij 
Mix  and  label  :    Teaspoonful 
every  two  hours  for  cough. 


^ 


277. 

Calcis  calcinatae, 

Sulphuris, 

Aquae, 


3ij 
3  iij 


f.  !iv 
Mix  and  boil  for  ten  minutes 
and  then  filter. 

Label :  Use  as  directed. 


n 


^ 


278. 

Zinci  oxidi,  3  ij 

Glycerini,  f.  3  ij 

Liq.  plumbi  subacetatis,  f .  3  j 
Liquoris  calcis,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 
M.     S.  Lotion. 

279. 

Calcis  chloratae, 

Glycerini,  aa.  10  Gm. 

M.     S.  Apply  as  directed. 


280. 


n 


3j 


Acetate  of  potassium. 
Divide  into  6  powders. 
Label  :    Take   one   every  two 
hours. 


3 


281. 

Acidi  salicylici,  gr.  x 

Potassii  permangan.,        gr.  xv 
Ferri  sulphatis,  3  iv 

Aquas,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  viij 

M.     S.   Lotion  for  ulcer. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


U5 


282. 


T^ 


Quininae  sulphatis,  3  ss 

Tinct.  ferri  chlor.,  f.  3  ij 

Syrupi  zingiberis,  f.  §  ij 

Tinct.  guaiaci  amnion.,      f.  |  j 
M.      S.    Teaspoonful  twice  a 
day. 


3 


B 


^ 


283. 

Quininae  sulph., 

Potassii  permangan., 

Ferri  reducti,  aa.  gr.  x 

Misce.     Fiant  pilulse  No.  x. 

Sig.  Pil.  j  ter  in  die. 

284. 

Strychninae,  gr.  j 

Glycerini,  TTl,  xxx 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iij 

M.     S.  Inject  ten  minims. 

285. 

Acidi  carbolici  cryst.,     gr.  xxx 

Thymol,  gr.  x 

Vaselini, 

Cerati,  aa.  3  j 

M.     S.  Unguentum. 

B  286. 

Sodii  phosphatis,  |  ij 

Sodii  chloridi,  3  iv 

Lithii  bromidi,  3  iij 

Aquae,  q.  s.  f.  3  viij 

M.  Ft.  Sol. 

Sig.  Take  dessertspoonful  three 
times  a  day. 

B  *"• 

Quinine  sulph.,  gr.  1 

Podophyllin,  gr.  iv 

Tinct.  chlor.  of  iron,  f.  3  iiss 

Tinct.  of  rhubarb,  f.  3  iss 
Mix. 


288. 

Powdered  camphor,        gr.  Ixx 
Lead  acetate,  gr.  1 

Tinct.  of  iodine,  TTL  1 

Carbolic  acid,  gr.  xx 

Mix  and  make  24  pills. 

289. 

Quininae  sulphatis,  gr.  xx 

Potassii  iodidi,  3  ij 

Acidi  citrici,  gr.  xx 

Aquae,  f_.  3  ij 
M.  S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 

290. 

Phenacetin,  gr.  xv 

Tincture  ferric  chloride,  f.  3  ij 
Water,     enough  to  make  f.  3  ij 
Mix    and   label :  Teaspoonful 
twice  a  day. 

291. 

Sodium  salicylate. 

Sodium  benzoate,  aa.  3  j 

Tannic  acid,  gr.  x 

Carbolic  acid,  gtt.  xij 

Lime  water,  f.  3  iv 
Mix.    Label:  Teaspoonful  half 
hour  after  meals. 

292. 

U    . 

Bichloride  of  mercury,      gr.  x 

Spirit  of  nitrous  ether. 

Dilute  alcohol,       of  each  f .  3  j 

Mix.   Label:  Apply  externally. 


293. 


I^ 


Potassii  chloratis,  3  i 

Aquae  bullient.,  f.  3  j 

Liq.  morph.  hydrochlor.,  B.  P., 

Syrupi  tolutani,  f.  3  ij 

M.      S.     Teaspoonful      when 
coughing. 


146 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


294. 


n 


Syrupi  acidi  hydriodici,  f.  3  vj 
Ext.  cinchonae  fl.,  f.  3  j 

Liq.  hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. 

(1-500),  f.  3  ij 

Syrupi,  f.  3  vij 

Misce   et   signa :  Teaspoonful 
every  four  hours. 


295. 


^ 


Tincture  chloride  of  iron,  f.  5  j 
Dilute  phosphoric  acid,  f.  §  j 
Syrup  of  hypophosphites, 

f.  I  viij 
Mix.  Label:  Teaspoonful  after 
meals. 


299. 


I^ 


296. 

Syr.  ferri  iodidi,  f.  3 jv 

Syr.  hypophosphitum,  f.  3  j 

Quininae  sulph.,  3  j 

Acidi  phosphorici  dil.,  f.  3  iij 
M. 

297. 

Calcii  hypophosphitis,  3  j 

Aquae,  f.  1  ij 

Tinct.  ferri  chlor.,  f.  3  iv 

Morph.  sulphatis,  gr.  iv 

Syrupi  tolutani,  f.  3  ij 
M.   S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 


I^ 


298. 

Hydrargyri  chlor.  cor.,     gr.  iv 

Sodii  arsenatis,  gr.  iiss 

Strychninae  sulph.,  gr.  i 
Potassii  carbonatis, 

Ferri  sulph.  exsic,  aa.  gr.  x 

Misce  et  fiant  pilulae  No.  x. 


^ 


Calomel,  3  ij' 

Soap,  3  ij 

Cotton-seed  oil,  f •  1  > 

Water,  f.  3  j 

Mix.    Label  :  Apply  with  fric- 
tion. 


300. 


^ 


Liq.  sodii  arsenatis,  3  ij) 

Potassii  iodidi,  gr.  xl 

Quininae  sulph.,  3  j 

Acidi  sulph.  dil.,  f .  3  j 

Aqus,                   q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iij 

M.     S.    Teaspoonful  twice   a 
day. 

301. 

Balsami  Peruviani,  4  Gm. 

Ext.  glycyrrhizae,  q.  s. 

Misce.     Make  10  pills. 
Signa  :    One  night  and  morn- 
ing. 

302. 

Acidi  hyd.  dil.,  20  Cc. 

Aquae,  100  Cc. 

M.    Sig.  Teaspoonful  in  water 
after  meals. 

303. 

Petrolatum,  30  Gm. 

Oxide  of  zinc,  4  Gm. 

Glycerin,  5  Gm. 

Gum  tragacanth,  5  Gm. 

Mix  and  make  ointmenv. 
Label :  Apply  as  directed. 


^ 


304. 

Potassii  iodidi,  2  Gm. 

Divide  into  12  powders. 
Take  one  dissolved  in  water  at 


night. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


HT 


305. 


B 


lodi  resublim.,  gr.  xl 

Adipis,  3  j 

M.    S.    Rub  over  the  affected 
part. 

306. 

Potass,  chloratis,  3  ij 

Syr.  ferri  iodidi,  |  ss 

Quininae  sulph.,  3j 

Ac.  sulphurici  dil.,  fTl  xx 
Aquae,                       q.  s.  ad   3  ij 

M.    S.  Teaspoonful  after  each 
meal. 

307. 

Tincture  of  aconite,  ^,  xx 

Phenacetin,  gr.  xl 

Spirit  of  nitrous  ether,     |f.  3  v 
Syrup,  f.  3  iij 

Water  f.  3  ij 

Mix  and  label  :    Teaspoonful 

every  two  hours  until  the  fever 

subsides. 

308. 

Bals.  copaibae, 

Pulv.  cubebse,  aa.  3  j 

Misce  et  fiant  pilulae  No.  xx. 
Signa  :   One  night  and  morn- 
ing. 

309. 

Bismuthi  subnit.,  3  j 

Sodii  salicylatis,  3  j 

Aquae  cinnamomi,  1  ij 

M.    S.  Shake  well !  Teaspoon- 
ful twice  a  day. 


n 


310. 

Chloral  hydrate,  3  j 

Phenacetin,  gr.  xl 

Quinine  sulphate,  gr.  1 

Mix  and  put  into  10  capsules, 
Label:  Take  one  at  night. 


n 


311. 

Aloin,  gr.  ij 

Salol,  gr.  xl 

Tinct.  of  hyoscyamus,  3  iss 

Ext.  of  jalap,  gr.  x 

Strychnine  sulph.,  gr.  5 
Mix  and  make  20  pills. 
Label :  Take  one  at  night. 

312. 

^      .      .       . 

Salicylic  acid,  gr.  xx 

Glycerin,  f.  3  j 

Lime  water,  f •  3  v 

Mix.      Label:    Tablespoonful: 

twice  a  day. 


n 


313. 


Acetanilid,  3  ij. 

Tinct.  of  ferric  chloride,  f .  3  v 
Water,  enough  to  make  f.  3  iv 
Make  solution  with  the  aid  of 

heat. 

Label :        Teaspoonful     three 

times  a  day. 


3 


314. 

Potassii  bichromatis,  gr.  x 

Ferri  sulphatis,  3  iss 

Aq.  hydrogenii  dioxidi, 
Glycerini,  aa.  f.  3  j 

Aquae  dest.,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 

M.     S.  Lotion. 

315 

Iodoform,  gr.  xxx 

Boric  acid,  3  j; 

Calomel,  gr.  xx 

Bismuth  subnitrate,  3  j. 

Mix.     Label:  Dust  on  abraid- 
ed  surface  as  directed. 


148 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


3 


316. 

Glyc.  boroglycerini,  |  j 

Hydrargyri  chlor.  cor.,      gr.  ij 
Aqu?e,  q.  s.  ad   3  iv 

M.     S.  Apply  to  ulcer. 


1^ 


317. 


Tinct.  iodi  comp.,  f.  3  ij 

Acidi  salicylici,  3  j 

Glycerini,  f.  |  iss 

Aqute,  enough  to  make  f.  3  iv. 
Mix  and  label:  Paint  over  the 
•affected  part  several  times  a  day. 


318. 


B 


Citrate  of  iron  and  quin.,  3  iiss 
Carbolic  acid, 
Tinct.  of  lavender  co.,  aa.  3  ss 
Wine,  enough  to  make  ^  iv 
Mix.  Label:  Teaspoonful 
three  times  a  day. 


319. 


B 


Diuretin,  gr.  x 

Sp.  of  nitrous  ether,        TTl,  xxx 
Tinct.  chlor.  of  iron,  3  iv 

Syrup,     enough  to  make  f.  ^  ij 
Mix.        Label:      Teaspoonful 
three  times  a  day. 


3 


320. 

Quinine  sulph.,  gr.  x 

Antipyrin,  gr.  x 

Chloral  hydrate,  gr.  xx 

Mix  and  put  into  8  capsules. 
Label :    One  every  two  hours. 


5 


321. 


Pilocarpine, 

gr-  j 

Terpin  hydrate. 

3j 

Glycerin, 

f.3ij 

Syrup  of  tolu, 

f.  1  iss 

Water, 

f.  3  iss 

Mix     and    make    a    solution. 
Teaspoonful  five  times  a  day. 

322. 

Syr.  ferri  iodidi,  f.  3  iss 

Potass,  iodidi,  3  j 

Potass,  bicarbon.,  3  j 

Syr.  tolutani,  f.  3  ss 

Aquse,  f.  3  ij 
M.    S.  Teaspoonful  three  times 
a  day. 

323. 

Acetanilid,  gr.  v 

Phenacetin,  gr.  x 

Pyrocatechin,  gr.  x 

Mix  and  put  into  10  capsules. 
Label  :  One  every  four  hours. 


324. 


5 


^1 
3ij 

gj-  j 
f.  3  ss 

f.3ii 
f._  3  Jv 
times 


Quininse  sulph., 
Ferri  phosphatis  sol., 
Strychninse  sulph., 
Acidi  phosphorici  dil., 
Syrupi  zingiberis, 
Aquae,  q.  s.  ad 

M.    S.  Teaspoonful  three 
a  day. 

325. 

Ferri  et  potass,  tartratis,     3  ss 
Potassii  iodidi,  3  ss 

Quininae  sulphatis,  gr.  xv 

Acidi  sulphurici  dil.,  fTL  xx 

Syrupi,  f.  3  ss 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  ij 

M.      S.    Teaspoonful   twice  a 
day. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


149 


326. 


B 


Quinine  sulphate,  3  j 

Strychnine  sulphate,  gr.  j 

Phosphoric  acid  dil.,  f.  3  iv 
Tinct.  chloride  of  iron,  f .  3  v 
Aromatic  elixir,  to  make  f.  3  iv 
Mix.  Label :  Take  a  teaspoon- 
ful  after  meals. 

327. 

Hydrargyri,  gr.  \ 

lodi,  gr.  I 

Acidi  tannici,  gr.  |- 

Glycerini,  Tr|,  xv 
M.     S.     One  half  by  hypoder- 
mic injection. 

328. 

Tincturae  iodi,  f.  3  iij 

Liquoris  potass,  arsenitis,  f  3  ij 
M.     S.     Take  five  minims  in 
water  after  meals. 

329. 

Calomel,  gr.  ij 

Pepsin,  gr.  xx 

Sodium  bromide,  gr.  xl 

Mix  and  make  four  powders. 
Label :  Take  one  every  hour. 
330. 

Sol.  strych.  hydrochlor.,  f.  3  iij 
Sol.  of  saccharin, to  make  f.  3  ij 
Mix.     Label :    Twenty    drops 
three  times  a  day. 
331. 

Boroglycerin,  50^,  3  iv 

Vaselin,  3  iv 

Mix.     Label  :  Apply  freely. 

332. 

Infusi  humuli,  f.  §  vj 

Tincturse  iodi,  f .  3  j 

Glycerini,  f.  |  j 
Mix.     Use  as  directed. 


R 


333. 

Tinct.  myrrh,  f.  3  iv 

Tinct.  chloride  of  iron,      f.  3  j 
Glycerin,  f.  3  iij 

Sat.  sol.  potass,  chlorate,  f.  1  ij 
Mix.     Label:  Use  as  gargle. 


334. 


B 


m  xl 

3  iss 


ss 


Fl.  ext.  nux  vomica, 
Fl.  ext.  digitalis, 
Tinct.  strophanthus. 
Potassium  nitrite,  3  viss 

El.  gen.  andiron,  to  make    3  vj 
Mix.  Label:  Teaspoonful  three 
times  a  day. 


335. 


^ 


^ 


Oil  of  cubebs,  f.  3  iij 

Oil  of  sandalwood,  f.  3  iv 

Balsam  of  copaiba,  f,  |  j 

Sp.  of  nit.  ether,  to  make    |  iv 
Mix.  Label:  Teaspoonful  three 
times  a  day. 

336. 

Potassii  chloratis,  3  j 

Tincturge  ferri  chloridi,     f.  "^  j 
Acidi  carbolici,  gtt.  x 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  f  ^' 

M.     S.     Use  as  gargle. 

337. 

Oleate  of  mercury,  2^,  |  j 

Iodine,  gr.  ij 

M.     Label:  Use  locally. 

338. 

^  ..    .       . 

Potassii  citratis,  3  ij 

Potassii  chloratis,  3  iiss 

Spiritus  aetheris  nitrosi,     f .  |  j 

Aquas  camphorae,  f.  3  vj 

M.    S.    Dessertspoonful  every 

two  or  three  hours. 


B 


ISO 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


B 


339. 


Argenti  nitratis,  3  j 

Glycerini,  f.  3  ij 

Aquse  dist.,  f.  3  j 

Mix  and  mark  No.  i. 
Label:   Mix  three   drops  with 

six  drops  of  No.  2  and  put  into 

eyes  at  bedtime. 

Potassii  iodidi,  3  ij 

Glycerini,  f.  3  iv 

Aquae  dist.,  f.  3  ij 

Mix  and  mark  No.  2. 
Label:    Mix    six    drops    with 

three    drops  of    No.    i   and    put 

into  eyes  at  bedtime. 


340. 


^ 


Morphinje  sulph.,  gr.  j 

Chloroformi,  3  ss 

Spir.  ammoniae  aromat.,       3  ij 
Aquae  camphorae,     q.  s.  ad  5  j 
M.      S.      Teaspoonful    when 
needed  for  pain. 


343. 


341. 


^ 


Spts.  turpentine,  f.  5  iiss 

Mercuric  chloride,  3  ss 

Mix  and  make  solution. 
Iodine,  3  ss 

Alcohol,  f.  3  iiss 

Dissolve  iodine  in  alcohol  and 
add  to  above  solution. 
Label  :  Liniment. 


3 


342. 


Sodium  bromide,  3  iv 

Antipyrin,  3  iss 

Chloral  hydrate,  3  iiss 

Syrup  lemon,  f.  3  j 

Water,  to  make  f.  |  iv 

Mix.     Label :  Teaspoonful  at 
bedtime. 


^ 


Piperazin,  3 } 

Strychnine  sulphate,  gr.  ij 

Syrup  orange,  f.  3  vj 

Chloroform      water,  to 

make  f.  ~  vj 
Mix.    Teaspoonful  three  times 

aday.  g^^^ 

Chloral  hydrate, 
Ammonol,  of  each  gr.  xxv 

Mix  and  make  five  capsules. 
Label  :  One  every  four  hours. 
345. 

Antipyrin,  gr.  x 

Quinine  sulphate,  gr.  j 

Dil.  sulphuric  acid,  q.  s. 

Cinnamon  water,  to  make  f ■  3  j 
Mix.     Take  in  two  doses  one 
hour  apart. 

346. 

Calomel,  gr.  j 

Salol,  gr.  XX 

Trional,  gr.  x 

Make  capsules  No.  6. 
Label :  One  every  hour. 
347. 

Sodium  bromide,  gr.  xl' 

Antipyrin,  gr.  xxxvj 

Camphor,  gr.  iv 

Caffeine  citrate,  gr.  vj 

Tinct.  aconite,  gtt.  xij 

Mix  and  make  twelve  capsules. 
Label:  One  capsule  every  three 
or  four  hours. 

348. 

Guaiacol,  3  \y 

Acacia,  3  ij 

Amnion,  carbonate,  3  ii> 

Infusion  digitalis,  f.  3  iss 

Water,  to  make  f.  3  iij 

Mix.  Label :  Teaspoonful  four 
times  a  day. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


151 


349. 


3 


Gold  and  sodium  chlor.,  gr.  ss 
Strychnine  sulphate,  gr.  j 

Alcohol,  f.  1  j 

Syrup  cinnamon,  f.  ^  ij 

Water,  to  make  f.  |  vj 

M.     Take  one  teaspoonful  in 
water  after  each  meal. 


360. 


3 


Potass,  acetatis,  3  ss 

Spiritus  aetheris  nit.,  f.  3  ij 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  j 

M.     S.     Take    in    two    doses 
■one  hour  apart. 


B 


351. 


Mercury  protiodide,        gr.  xvj 
Potassium  iodide,  §  iij 

Water,  |  iij 

Mix  and  make  solution. 
Label  :    One  half  teaspoonful 
three  times  daily. 

352. 

Morphine  sulphate,  gr.  j 

Antikamnia,  gr.  xx 

Elixir  aromatic,  f.  ^  j 

Mix    and    label  :   Teaspoonful 
at  bedtime. 

353. 

Fl.  ext.  epigsea  repens,      f.  3  ij 
Fl.  ext.  uva  ursi,  f.  3  iss 

Spirit  of  nitrous  ether,      f.  3  ss 
Label :    Take    a    teaspoonful 
■every  two  or  three  hours. 


354. 


3 


Tincturae  iodi, 

Olei  terebinthinse,       aa.  f.  §  ss 
M.     S.     Shake  and  apply  lo- 
cally   to  spine  night  and  morn- 
ing. 


^ 


3iv 
!ij 


355. 

Potassii  chloratis, 
Sacchari  albi, 
M.     Ft.  pulv. 
Sig.     As  directed. 

356. 

Corros.  chlor.  mercury,       gr.  j 
Iodide  of  potass.,  3  ij 

Mur.  tinct.  iron,  f.  3  ss 

Syr.  sarsaparilla,  f.  3  iss 

Ess.  of  pepsin,  to  make  f.  3  iv 
Mix.     Label  :  Teaspoonful  in 

one    half    glass    of    water,    after 

eating. 

357. 

Benzoic  acid,  3  ij 

Borax,  3  iss 

Syrup,  f.^3  j 

Water,  to  make  f.  3  iv 

Mix.  Label :  Dessertspoon- 
ful in  water  every  three  or  four 
hours. 

358. 

Potassii  chloratis,  3  ij 

Syrupi  ferri  iodidi,  f.  3  ss 

Syrupi,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 

M.  S.  Thirty  drops  in  a  tum- 
bler of  water.     Use  as  gargle. 


359. 


^ 


Magendie's  solution  of 

morphine,  f.  3  ij 

Sat.  solut.  potass,  iodide,  f.  3  vj 
Label  :  Take  ten  drops  three 
times  a  day. 


B 


360. 

Powd.  borax,  3  ij 

Tinct.  myrrh,  f.  3  ij 

Water,  to  make  f.  3  ij 

Mix.     Label :  As  directed. 


152 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


361. 


n 


Calcii  hypophosphitis,  3  x 

Potass,  hypophosphitis,     3  viij 
Sodii  hypophosphitis,  3  x 

Ferri  lactatis,  gr.  iij 

Strychninai  lactatis,         gr.  iss 
Acidi  lactici,  f.  3  vj 

Elix.  gentianae  et  tinct. 

ferri  chloridi,  f.  1  viij 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.   I  xvj 

M.     Ft.  solut. 
S.     Teaspoonful  three  times  a 

day. 

362. 

Strychnine  sulph.,  gr.  j 

Fowler's  solution,  3  ij 

Iron  and  quinine  citrate,     3  iv 
Glycerin,  3  iv 

Cinnamon  water,  to  make  3  viij 
Mix.     Label  :    One  teaspoon- 
ful after  meals. 

363. 

Bismuth  subnitrate,  3  j 

Ess.  cinnamon,  f.  3  ss 

Glycerin,  f.  3  ss 

Carbolic  acid,  gtt.  xxx 

Lime  water,  f.  3  iij 

Mix.      Label  :    Shake    before 

using.     One     teaspoonful    in    a 

tablespoonful  of  water  just  before 

meals. 

364. 

Argenti  nitratis,  gr.  ij 

Glycerini,  f.  3  iv 

Aquae,  f.  3  iv 

M.     S.    One  drop  in  each  eye 
at  night. 

365. 

Fl.  ext.  ergot, 

Tr.  chlor.  iron,  aa.  f.  3  vj 

Tr.  nux  vomica,  f.  3  iv 

M.    L.    Take  thirty-five  drops 
three  times  a  day. 


366. 


^ 


Sp.  aetheris  nitrosi,         f.  3  viij 
Ext.  digitalis  fl.,  f •  3  j 

Mix.    Label :  Two  tablespoon- 
fuls  a  day. 

367. 

Sod.  salicylatis,  3  } 

Pot.  iodidi,  3  ss 

Pot.  citratis,  3  j 

Sulphonal,  3  ss 

Mix  and  make  twelve  pills. 
Label  :  One  every  three  hours. 
368. 

Po.  opium,  gr.  xxv 

Silver  nitrate,  gr.  xiiss 

Mix  and  make  fifty  capsules. 
Label  :  Take  as  before. 
369. 

Potass,  iodidi,  3  iij 

Strych.  sulphatis,  gr.  j 

Liq.  potass,  arsenitis,     f.  3  iiss 
Aquae  amygd.  am.,  q.s.ad  f.  3  iv 
M.   S.   Teaspoonful  four  times 
daily. 

370. 

Tr.  capsici,  f .  3  j 

Acidi  carbolici,  lU  xx 

Bismuthi  subnit.,  3  v 

Alcoholis,  f.  3  ij 

Olei  gaultheriae,  f .  3  j 
Spir.  amnion,  aromat.,      f.  3  iv 

Aquae,  f.  3  ij 
Misce.    Signa  :    Take  one  half 
teaspoonful  as  directed. 
371. 

Antipyrin,  3  iiss 

Caffeine,  3  ij 

Sod.  bromide,  3  vj 

Syrup  of  lemon,  f.  3  iss 

Cinnamon  water, to  make  f.  3  iv 
Mix.     Label:  Teaspoonful  as 
needed. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


153 


372. 


B 


Citrated  caffeine,  2.0  Gms. 
Spirit  nitrous  ether,  20.0  Cc. 
Basham's  mixture,  100. o  Cc. 
Mix.  Label  :  Dessertspoon- 
ful three  times  a  day. 
373. 

Acidi  carbolici,  3  j 

Tr.  iodi,  3  ij 

Acidi  tannici,  3  j 

Cerati,  §  iv 

Misce.     Signa :  Ointment. 
374. 

Sol.  of  ammon.  acetate,   f.  3  ss 
Spir.  of  nitrous  ether,       f.  3  ss 
M.    L.    Teaspoonful  every  two 
hours. 

375. 

Potass,  iodide,  3  ij 

Potass,  bromide,  3  vj 

Quinine  sulphate,        gr.  xxxvj 
Dil.  sulphuric  acid,  3  j 

Tinct.  of  orange  peel,  3  vj 

Water,  to  make  3  vj 

Mix.  Label:  Teaspoonful  after 
meals. 

376. 

^        ..       .         . 

Sodii  salicylatis,  3  iij 

Quininse  sulphatis,  gr.  xvj 

Tinct.  podophylli,  f.  3  ij 

Spir.  setheris  nitrosi,  f.  3  iv 

Aquae  camphorse,  f.  3  vj 
M.  S.  Dessertspoonful  twice  a 
day. 

377. 

Atropine  sulphate,  gr.  iss 

Strychnine  sulphate,         gr.  iij 
Salicylic  acid,  gr.  v 

Borax,  gr.  v 

Water,  to  make  3  ij 

Mix.  Label:  Teaspoonful  twice 
a  day. 


378. 


5 


Tinct.  of  aconite,  gtt.  xx 

Spir.  of  nitrous  ether,         f.  3  j 
Morphine  sulphate,  gr.  f 

Sol.of  pot. citrate, to  make  f.  3  ij 
M.      L.      Dessertspoonful    in 
water  every  hour. 


379. 


n 


Citrate  of  potassium,  3  ) 

Divide  into  sixteen  powders. 
Label  :  One  powder  in   water 
four  times  a  day. 


n 


380. 

Carbolic  acid,  gtt.  x 

Monsel's  solution,  f.  3  iij 

Glycerin,  to  make  f .  3  j 

Mix.     Use  as  gargle. 


381. 


n 


Chlor.  of  gold  and  sod.,  gr.  xij 
Ammonium  muriate,  gr.  vj 
Strychnine  nitrate,  gr.  J 

Atropine  sulphate,  gr.  ^ 

Fl.  ext.  of  cinchona,  f.  3  iij 
Fl.  ext.  of  coca,  f-  3  j 

Water, 
Glycerin,  of  each  f.  3  j 

M.   L.    One  teaspoonful  every 
two  hours. 


n 


382. 

Borax,  3  j 

Alum,  3  j 

Glycerin,  f .  3  j 

Rose  water,      to  make  f.  3  viij 
Make  solution. 
Label:   Lotion. 


154 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


383. 


^ 


Liq.  ferri  dialysati,  f.  |  j 

Tinct.  lavendulfe  co.,  f.  3  iv 
Tinct.  gentianae  co.,  f.  3  iv 
Bismuthi  subnitratis,  f.  3  iij 
Elix.  lactopeptin,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 
M.  S.  Shake  well  and  take 
one  teaspoonful  after  each  meal. 
384. 

Chloral  hydrate, 
Camphor,  of  each  3  j 

Starch,  3  j 

Mix.     Label :     Rub  on  as  di- 
rected. 

385. 

Quininse  sulphatis,  3  j 

Acidi  sulphurici  aromat.,Tri,xxx 
Spin  ammoniac  aromat.,  f.  3  ss 
Syr.  sarsaparillse  co.,  f.  3  ivss 
M.  S.  Dessertspoonful  three 
times  a  day. 

386. 

Phosphorus,  gr.  \ 

Strychnine  sulphate,  gr.  f 

Soluble  phosphate  iron,  3  iv 

Detan.  elixir  cinchona,  f.  3  ij 
Mix.  Label:  Teaspoonful  three 

times  a  day. 

B  387. 

Tinct.  nucis  vomicae,  f.  3  ss 
Syr.  ferri  iodidi,  f.  5  j 

Quininae  sulphatis,  3  j 

Glycerini,  f.  3  ij 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  f.  3  iv 

M.  S.  Teaspoonful  after  meals. 
R  388. 

Mercuric  chloride,  gr.  j 

Tartar  emetic,  gr.  j 

Morph.  hydrochloride,  gr.  iij 
Aromat.  spirit  of  ammon.,  f .  3  v 
Syrup  of  liquorice,  3  iij 

Mix.      Label  :       Teaspoonful 
when  coughing. 


3 


389. 


Hydrarg.  chlor.  corros.,  gr.  iij 
Zinci  sulphocarbol.,  gr.  iv 

Morphinae  sulph.,  gr.  ij 

Aquae  hydrogenii  dioxidi,  f.  3  j 
Aquae  ros^e,          q.  s.  ad  f.  3  vj 
M.    S.     Use  as  directed  three 
times  a  day. 

390. 

Liquoris  sodii  arsenatis,    f.  3  j 
Syrupi  ferri  iodidi,  f.  3  vij 

M.     S.     One  half  teaspoonful 
in  water  three  times  a  day. 


39L 


B 


Tannic  acid,  3  ij 

Tinct.  of  iodine,  111  Ixxx 

Potassium  iodide,  gr.  xx 

Tinct.  of  myrrh,  lU  Ixxx 

Rose  water,      to  make  f.  3  viij 
Mix.    Label  :  Dessertspoonful 
in  water  as  mouth  wash. 

392. 

Peroxide  of  hydrogen, 
Glycerin,  of  each  f.  3  iss 

Mix.     Label  :  Gargle  freely. 


393. 


5 


Sodium  salicylate,  3  iss 

Caffeine  citrate,  gr.  xx 

Phenazonum,  3  j 

Syrup  of  orange,  f.  3  iij 
Water,                  to  make  f.  3  iv 

M.      L.      Teaspoonful  three 
times  daily. 

394. 

Ammonii  chloridi, 
Sodii  salicylatis,  aa.  3  ij 

Syrupi  Tolutani,  3  vj 

Aquae,  q.  s.  ad  3  ij 

M.  S.    Teaspoonful  four  times 
a  day. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


155 


395. 


B 


Quininae  sulph.,  gr.  xl 

Sodii  salicylatis,  gr.  1 

Trional,  3  ss 
M.     Ft.  pil.  No.  10. 

S.     Take   one    three  times  a 
■day. 


396. 


3 


Mercuric  chloride,  gr.  j 

Fowler's  solution,       gtt.  xlviij 
Syrup  iodide  of  iron,  3  vj 

Elixir  of  cinchona,  to  make  3  vj 
Mix.  Label:  Teaspoonful  after 
meals. 

397. 

n 

Ext.  suprarenal  gland   (scale) 

3  ss 
Make  powders  No.  20. 
Label :  One  every  three  hours. 


398. 


n 


Phenacetin,  gr.  xxiv 

Syrup,  5  j 

Water,  ?  iij 

Mix.       Label :  Teaspoonful 

every  hour  until  temperature  is 

lowered. 

399. 

Quininae  sulphatis, 

Ammonii  valerian.,  aa.  gr.  xxx 

M.  Ft.  pil.  No.  10. 

Sig.     One  three  times  a  day. 

400. 

Menthol,  gr.  xx 

Chloroform,  3  j 

Tinct.  benzoin,  3  iss 

Liquid  albolene,  |  j 

Mix    and    Label :    Spray   the 
throat  every  four  hours. 


CRITICISMS. 

1. 

When  solutions  of  the  first  two  ingredients  are  mixed 
together  the  insoluble  mercuric  iodide  is  formed,  and  this  is 
redissolved  in  excess  of  potassium  iodide,  forming  potassium 
mercuric  iodide,  or,  as  it  is  commonly  known,  Mayer's 
reagent.  This  compound  precipitates  the  alkaloids  of  cin- 
chona in  the  elixir.  The  alcohol  in  the  elixir  is  a  solvent  for 
this  precipitate,  but  upon  addition  of  the  syrup  the  alcohol  is 
too  dilute  to  exercise  much  of  a  solvent  effect.  The  syrup 
of  rhubarb  is  generally  turbid,  and  it  will  also  cause  a  pre- 
cipitation of  some  of  the  matter  from  the  elixir  of  cinchona. 
The  danger  in  such  a  prescription  is  that  the  patient  may 
take  most  of  the  precipitate  at  one  time  and  thereby  get  an 
overdose  of  the  mercuric  iodide,  which  is  thrown  out  of  solu- 
tion with  the  alkaloids.  In  4  fluid  ounces  of  the  elixir  of 
cinchona  there  should  be  2.8  grains  of  total  alkaloids.  This 
amount  of  alkaloids  will  precipitate  about  4  grains  of  mercuric 
iodide.  In  this  prescription  most  of  the  mercury  will  be 
precipitated.  It  should  be  dispensed  with  a  "  Shake  well  " 
label. 

2. 

There  is  enough  of  ammonium  carbonate  present  to 
neutralize  all  of  the  sulphuric  acid  and  liberate  the  free 
alkaloid.  The  quinine  sulphate  should  be  dissolved  in  part 
of  the  syrup  with  the  aid  of  the  acid,  and  the  carbonate  in 
the  remainder  of  the  syrup.  These  two  solutions  should  be 
cooled  thoroughly  before  mixing,  because  when  warm  the 

156 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


157 


free  alkaloid  collects  in  sticky  masses  and  it  is  impossible  to 
get  it  evenly  divided.  The  effervescence  is  due  to  the  libera- 
tion of  carbon  dioxide  by  the  acid. 

3. 

If  the  ingredients  are  powdered  separately  and  then 
mixed  lightly  together  there  will  probably  be  no  danger  of 
explosion,  and  no  chemical  reaction  will  take  place  while  the 
powder  is  dry.  But  when  taken  into  the  stomach  the  potas- 
sium chlorate  with  the  hydrochloric  acid  of  the  gastric  juice 
will  undoubtedly  oxidize  the  calomel,  forming  mercuric 
chloride.  When  one  of  the  above  powders  was  mixed  with 
two  ounces  of  water  containing  four  per  cent,  of  hydrochloric 
acid  and  the  mixture  allowed  to  stand  for  some  time  tests 
for  mercuric  chloride  could  be  obtained.  The  reaction  would 
have  taken  place  much  more  quickly  at  the  temperature  of 
the  body.  Although  this  may  be  considered  a  rather  dan- 
gerous prescription  it  has  been  filled  and  taken  without  ap- 
parent ill  effect. 

4. 

Chemical  reaction  takes  place  between  the  ammonium  car- 
bonate and  the  acetic  acid  of  the  syrup  of  squills,  liberating 
carbon  dioxide.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to  cork  the  bottle 
until  effervescence  has  entirely  ceased. 

5. 

This  prescription  was  filled  by  dissolving  the  quinine  sul- 
phate in  the  acid  and  mixing  with  the  mucilage,  and  then 
adding  the  oil  of  cloves.  The  potassium  permanganate  was 
dissolved  in  a  little  water  and  added  slowly  to  the  other 
mixture.  Dark-brown  masses  were  formed,  consisting  of 
coagulated  acacia  holding  in  it  the  manganese  dioxide,  the 
permanganate  being  reduced.  It  was  almost  impossible  to 
mix  these  masses  so  as  to  make  a  homogeneous  mixture  or 


158  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

even  one  that  would  pour  readily.  On  standing  a  few  hours 
the  manganese  dioxide  is  further  reduced  to  manganous  sul- 
phate and  the  mixture  becomes  colorless.  The  patient  using 
this  prescription  had  it  refilled  several  times. 

6. 

The  alcohol  of  the  tincture  throws  the  acacia  out  of  solu- 
tion and  the  water  of  the  mucilage  precipitates  the  resin  from 
the  tincture  so  that  a  white  precipitate  ultimately  forms  in 
the  bottom  of  the  bottle.  A  fresh  tincture  of  guaiac  with 
mucilage  of  acacia  gives  a  blue  color  but  an  old  tincture  gives 
a  brown-red  color.  With  the  consent  of  the  physician  the 
prescription  was  filled  by  using  glycerin  and  water  instead 
of  mucilage. 

7. 

The  sodium  hypophosphite  is  deliquescent  in  damp  air 
and  the  powders  become  moist.  Chemical  reaction  then 
takes  place,  causing  the  mixture  to  become  yellow  and  finally 
black.  The  hypophosphite  reduces  the  bismuth  to  a  yellow 
and  then  a  black  compound,  in  which  the  quantivalence  of 
bismuth  is  two,  while  the  hypophosphite  is  oxidized  to  a 
phosphate.  The  dampening  of  the  extract  of  nux  vomica 
also  tends  to  darken  the  mixture.  By  adding  some  althea 
and  using  oiled  or  parchment  paper  the  mixture  can  be  dis- 
pensed without  difficulty.  The  directions  translated  into 
English  are:  Mix,  make  a  powder,  and  divide  it  into  25  equal 
parts. 

8. 

The  mercuric  chloride  combines  with  the  sodium  and 
ammonium  iodides,  forming  insoluble  mercuric  iodide,  which 
redissolves  in  excess  of  the  alkali  iodides,  forming  a  double 
compound  that  precipitates  some  of  the  constituents  of  the 
compound   syrup  of  sarsaparilla.     Ammonium   iodide   very 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  159 

frequently  contains  a  little  free  iodine,  which  probably  com- 
bines with  some  of  the  organic  matter  present  in  the  syrup. 
There  is  no  danger  of  the  potassium  chlorate  liberating  iodine 
from  the  iodides  so  long  as  the  mixture  is  neutral  or  alkaline. 
Corrosive  sublimate  is  slowly  reduced  to  calomel  by  the  com- 
pound syrup  of  sarsaparilla  (U.  S.  D.,  689). 

9. 

If  the  first  tw^o  ingredients  are  triturated  together  an 
explosion  is  liable  to  occur.  If,  however,  they  be  dissolved 
separately  in  the  water  and  then  mixed  there  is  probably  no 
danger.  If  the  solution  were  acid  chemical  reaction  w^ould 
take  place  with  the  formation  of  hydrochloric  and  phosphoric 
acids. 

10. 

When  these  two  substances  are  rubbed  together  in  a 
mortar  with  considerable  force  a  damp  powder  or  a  soft  mass 
is  formed  which  soon  dries.  By  powdering  the  ingredients, 
separately  and  then  mixing  no  difficulty  is  experienced.  The 
mixture  does  not  make  a  clear  solution  in  water,  an  aluminum 
salt  being  precipitated. 

11. 

This  mixture  is  quite  frequently  prescribed  by  physicians, 
even  by  those  who  know  that  it  is  incompatible.  A  chemical 
reaction  takes  place  between  the  nitrous  ether  and  the  tannin 
in  the  buchu,  causing  an  evolution  of  oxides  of  nitrogen. 
Spirit  of  nitrous  ether  sometimes  reacts  with  an  aqueous  solu- 
tion of  potassium  acetate,  giving  ofif  a  gas,  the  composition 
of  which  has  not  been  definitely  determined.  The  gas  must 
be  allowed  to  escape  before  corking  the  bottle.  Some  of 
the  resinous  matter  in  the  fluid  extract  will  be  precipitated 
by  the  water. 


l6o  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

12. 

The  tannin  in  the  tincture  of  digitaHs  makes  a  black  inky- 
mixture  with  the  tincture  of  iron.  The  phosphoric  acid 
•added  to  the  tincture  of  iron  before  the  two  tinctures  are 
mixed  partially  prevents,  or  if  added  after  partially  destroys, 
the  inky  color,  the  final  mixture  being  dark  brown  and  turbid. 
If  two  drams  of  dilute  phosphoric  acid  be  added  to  the  tinc- 
ture chloride  of  iron  the  mixture  becomes  entirely  colorless, 
due  to  the  formation  of  ferric  phosphate,  and  on  the  subse- 
quent addition  of  a  tannin  solution  the  black  color  is  not 
produced.    A  little  light-colored  precipitate  is  formed. 

13. 

The  quinine  sulphate  and  the  lead  acetate  react,  forming 
quinine  acetate  and  lead  sulphate,  both  of  which  are  practi- 
cally insoluble  in  the  syrup.  The  bismuth  subnitrate  is  also 
insoluble.  In  filling  this  prescription  it  is  best  to  add  about 
twenty  grains  of  powdered  tragacanth  to  aid  in  suspending 
the  insoluble  substances.  A  "  Shake  well  "  label  should  be 
put  on  the  bottle. 

14. 

Alum,  being  a  soluble  sulphate,  will  react  with  the  lead 
acetate,  precipitating  the  insoluble  lead  sulphate  according  to 
the  following  equation: 

4Pb(C2H302)2  +  K2Al2(SO,),24H20 

=  4PbSO,  +  2KC2H3O2  +  Al2(C2H302)6  +  24H2O. 

The  precipitate  should  not  be  filtered  out. 

15. 

The  tannic  acid  combines  with  the  quinine,  forming  the 
nearly  insoluble  quinine  tannate.  This  prescription  should 
be  filled  by  dissolving  the  quinine  sulphate  in  a  part  of  the 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  i6i 

syrup  with  the  aid  of  the  sulphuric  acid.  The  tannic  acid 
should  be  dissolved  in  the  remainder  of  the  syrup  and  this 
o-radually  added  to  the  other  solution  with  constant  stirring. 
Both  solutions  should  be  cold,  because  if  mixed  when  warm 
the  precipitate  formed  is  sticky  and  will  make  a  mass  that 
cannot  be  evenly  divided. 

16. 

Emulsify  the  cod-liver  oil  by  adding  it  in  portions  to  the 
lime  water  in  a  bottle.  Then  add  the  oil  of  wintergreen,  the 
syrup,  and  the  syrup  iodide  of  iron.  The  calcium  hydrate  of 
the  lime  water  saponifies  a  small  amount  of  the  cod-liver  oil, 
which  soap  helps  to  emulsify  the  balance  of  the  oil.  When 
the  syrup  of  ferrous  iodide  is  added  to  the  mixture  containing 
the  calcium  hydrate  ferrous  hydrate  is  precipitated.  Ferrous 
hydrate  if  free  from  ferric  hydrate  is  white,  but  it  quickly 
oxidizes  to  ferroso-ferric  hydrate,  which  varies  from  a  dirty 
green  to  almost  black.  After  some  time  it  is  oxidized  to  a 
yellow-brown  basic  ferric  oxide.  This  prescription  will  go 
through  these  various  colors. 

17. 

Donovan's  solution  precipitates  many  alkaloids  from 
aqueous  solutions  of  their  salts.  Quinine  is  no  exception. 
This  prescription  was  filled  by  dissolving  the  quinine  sulphate 
in  most  of  the  syrup  with  the  aid  of  the  acid;  dissolving  the 
potassium  iodide  in  the  remaining  syrup  and  adding  to  the 
first  solution.  Donovan's  solution  was  then  slowly  added 
with  constant  stirring  and  the  prescription  sent  out  with  a 
"  Shake  well  "  label.  The  danger  in  such  a  prescription  does 
not  come  from  the  quinine  which  is  precipitated,  but  the 
mercuric  salt  which  is  precipitated  with  the  quinine.  In 
concentrated  solutions  of  quinine  potassium  iodide  gives  a 
precipitate.  At  the  end  of  two  days  all  of  the  mercury  was 
precipitated  and  some  iodine  was  liberated,  the  sulphuric  acid 
displacing  the  hydriodic  acid  and  the  air  oxidizing  the  hy- 


l62  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

driodic  acid.    Any  quinine  not  precipitated  by  the  Donovan's 
solution  was  precipitated  by  the  iodine. 

18. 

There  is  not  a  sufficient  amount  of  water  to  dissolve  all  of 
the  quinine  sulphate.  If  the  sodium  salicylate  is  dissolved 
in  part  of  the  syrup  and  the  quinine  is  mixed  with  the 
balance  of  the  syrup  and  these  two  brought  together  a  bulky 
gelatinous  precipitate  of  quinine  salicylate  is  formed.  The 
resulting  mixture  is  so  thick  that  it  can  be  poured  only  with 
difficulty.  When  a  little  sulphuric  acid  is  used  to  aid  the 
solution  of  the  quinine  sulphate,  the  precipitate  of  quinine 
salicylate  subsequently  formed  is  generally  more  bulky  and 
tenacious. 

19. 

The  mercuric  chloride  precipitates  the  strychnine  sulphate 
as  a  double  compound,  which  is  soluble  in  a  fairly  strong 
alcohol,  less  soluble  in  the  presence  of  hydrochloric  acid. 
This  prescription  deposits  a  precipitate  of  long  needle-shaped 
crystals  on  standing  a  few  hours,  but  not  immediately  on 
filling.  If  the  first  ingredient  is  omitted  no  precipitation 
takes  place  within  at  least  twenty-four  hours,  although  there 
is  danger  of  precipitation  after  the  patient  has  received  it. 
The  addition  of  a  few  drops  of  hydrochloric  acid  quickly 
brings  it  down.  This  prescription  as  written  should  not  be 
filled.  If  the  mercuric  chloride  be  omitted  there  will  be  but 
little  danger  of  precipitation. 

20. 

If  the  first  two  ingredients  are  dissolved  in  separate  por- 
tions of  the  elixir  and  then  mixed  a  clear  solution  results. 
This,  however,  becomes  turbid  in  a  few  minutes,  and  the 
liquid  separates  into  two  layers,  the  upper  one  having  some- 
what of  an  oily  appearance.     This  oily  liquid  is  chloral  alco- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  163, 

holate,  formed  from  the  chloral  hydrate  and  the  alcohol  of 
the  elixir.  Just  what  part  the  potassium  bromide  takes  in 
the  reaction  seems  not  to  be  well  understood,  unless  it  be  to 
render  the  alcoholate  less  soluble  in  the  elixir.  Other 
inorganic  salts,  such  as  sodium  bromide  or  sodium  chloride^ 
act  in  a  similar  way.  If  there  is  not  more  than  about  ten 
grains  of  chloral  h)'drate  and  ten  grains  of  potassium  bromide 
in  a  dram  of  the  solution  there  is  but  little  danger  of  the 
chloral  alcoholate  separating.  Chloral  alcoholate  is  more 
soluble  in  alcohol  than  it  is  in  water,  and  by  the  addition  of 
a  little  more  alcohol  the  separation  of  the  two  fluids  can 
sometimes  be  prevented.  This  prescription  when  filled  as 
written  may  be  considered  a  dangerous  one.  Several  cases 
have  been  reported  where  alarming  symptoms  have  be6n 
caused  by  the  taking  of  a  teaspoonful  of  chloral  alcoholate. 
On  filling  a  similar  combination,  if  a  turbidity  results  the 
mixture  should  be  kept  until  it  can  be  determined  whether 
there  will  be  a  separation  into  two  layers,  and  if  so,  then 
remedied  by  adding  a  little  alcohol  or  putting  on  a  "  Shake 
well  "  label. 

21. 

A  reaction  takes  place  between  the  first  two  ingredients, 
with  the  precipitation  of  lead  sulphate.  All  of  the  lead  is 
precipitated.  If  the  lead  subacetate  is  dissolved  in  water  and 
then  added  to  the  tinctures  it  will  precipitate  the  alkaloids 
of  the  opium  as  well  as  other  matter.  Water  also  causes  a 
precipitation  of  the  resinous  matter  from  the  tinctures.  This 
prescription  should  be  dispensed  without  filtering,  but  with  a 
"  Shake  well  "  label. 

22. 

Mercuric  chloride  combines  with  albumin  to  form  a  com- 
pound insoluble  in  water.  The  presence  of  an  equal  weight 
or  more  of  sodium  or  ammonium  chloride  prevents  to  a  con- 
siderable   extent    the    formation    of    the    precipitate.      "  By 


l64  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

dissolving  one  part  of  corrosive  sublimate  and  a  hundred 
parts  of  common  salt  in  distilled  water  and  evaporating  to 
dryness  a  soluble  double  preparation  is  obtained  w^hich  does 
not  coagulate  albumen."  (U.  S.  Dispens.,  689.)  If  this 
prescription  were  filled  as  directed  it  would  be  practically 
inert.  By  adding  three  or  four  grains  of  ammonium  chloride 
to  the  mercuric  chloride,  dissolving  this  in  about  one  half  the 
water  and  the  albumin  in  the  remainder  of  the  water,  and 
mixing  these  solutions,  a  nearly  clear  solution  can  be  ob- 
tained. 

23. 

Sodium  phosphate  requires  5.8  parts  of  water  to  dissolve 
it;  consequently  in  this  prescription  it  would  not  be  all  dis- 
solved. It  should  be  powdered  before  adding  to  the  syrup 
and  water  and  the  prescription  then  dispensed  with  a  "  Shake 
well  "  label. 

24. 

The  syrup  of  garlic  contains  acetic  acid,  which  combines 
with  the  ammonium  of  the  ammonium  carbonate,  liberating 
carbon  dioxide.  The  reaction  should  be  completed  before 
the  bottle  containing  the  solution  is  corked,  or  the  pressure 
of  the  gas  formed  may  be  sufficient  to  burst  the  bottle. 

25. 

The  zinc  is  entirely  precipitated  by  the  borax,  producing 
a  white  flocculent  precipitate  of  zinc  borate  or  a  mixture  of 
the  borate  with  a  basic  compound.  The  prescriber  should  be 
advised  of  this  fact.  If  the  prescription  is  dispensed  the  pre- 
cipitate should  be  filtered  out. 

26. 

The  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  is  generally  acid  in  reaction, 
and  when  an  acid  solution  of  nitrous  ether  is  brought  in  con- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  165 

tact  with  potassium  iodide,  iodine  is  liberated  and  the  gas 
nitric  oxide  is  formed.  This  prescription  should  not  be  filled 
on  account  of  the  free  iodine  formed. 


27. 

Several  chemical  reactions  occur,  depending  on  the  order 
of  mixing  the  ingredients.  The  possible  reactions  are  as 
follows:  I.  The  potassium  iodide  in  the  compound  tincture 
of  iodine  when  mixed  with  a  solution  of  ferric  chloride  forms 
free  iodine,  potassium  chloride,  and  ferrous  chloride.  2. 
Fowler's  solution  is  alkaline,  due  to  the  presence  of  potassium 
bicarbonate  and  perhaps  some  normal  potassium  carbonate. 
This  carbonate  neutralizes  part  of  the  free  hydrochloric  acid 
when  mixed  with  the  tincture  of  iron,  forming  potassium 
chloride  and  carbon  dioxide.  3.  Ferric  chloride  with  phos- 
phoric acid  forms  the  colorless  ferric  phosphate,  which  is 
insoluble  in  water,  but  soluble  in  water  containing  free  acid. 
4.  Tincture  chloride  of  iron  dissolves  quinine  sulphate,  the 
free  acid  of  the  tincture  combining  with  the  quinine  sulphate 
to  form  a  more  soluble  compound.  5.  The  iron  combines 
with  tannic  acid  in  the  rhubarb,  forming  the  black  tannate  of 
iron.  6.  The  free  iodine  in  the  compound  tincture  of  iodine 
combines  with  sulphate  of  quinine,  forming  an  insoluble 
•compound.  7.  The  free  iodine  will  also  combine  with  the 
tannin  in  the  rhubarb.  8.  The  alkali  in  Fowler's  solution 
will  neutralize  part  of  the  phosphoric  acid  when  mixed  with 
it.  9.  The  alkali  in  Fowler's  solution  when  mixed  with 
a  solution  of  quinine  sulphate  combines  with  the  sulphuric 
acid,  liberating  and  precipitating  the  free  alkaloid.  10.  The 
phosphoric  acid  is  a  solvent  for  quinine  sulphate,  probably 
combining  with  it  and  under  certain  circumstances  again 
precipitating  it.  11.  A  solution  of  quinine  sulphate  is  pre- 
cipitated by  the  tannic  acid  of  the  rhubarb,  forming  the  in- 
soluble tannate  of  quinine. 

In  w^hatever  way  the  ingredients  are  mixed  the  combina- 
tion is  an  extremely  inelegant  one;    it  is  black  and  inky  in 


1 66  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

color  and  taste,  and  the  quinine  and  rhubarb  are  not  in  solu- 
tion. 

28. 

Pure  ferric  pyrophosphate  of  iron  is  insoluble  in  water. 
The  ofiEicial  soluble  pyrophosphate  of  iron  may  be  a  double 
compound  of  sodio-ferric  citro-pyrophosphate,  or  it  may  be 
a  mixture  of  ferric  pyrophosphate  and  sodium  citrate,  the 
former  being  soluble  in  a  solution  of  the  latter.  When  sul- 
phuric acid  is  added  to  the  solution  of  this  compound  or  mix- 
ture the  ferric  pyrophosphate  is  precipitated,  the  sulphuric 
acid  probably  combining  with  the  sodium  and  liberating  citric 
acid.    The  quinine  is  not  precipitated. 

29. 

This  makes  a  clear  brownish-red  solution,  which  on  stand- 
ing two  or  three  days  loses  much  of  its  color.  The  color 
varies  with  the  proportion  of  free  iodine  which  also  varies  with 
the  condition  of  the  soap  liniment.  Soap,  oil  of  rosemary,, 
and  camphor  all  reduce  the  iodine  to  some  extent.  In  some 
cases  all  of  the  iodine  is  changed  so  that  it  no  longer  gives  a 
test  with  starch.    The  products  formed  are  not  well  known. 

30. 

An  old  specimen  of  bismuth  and  ammonium  citrate  is 
generally  not  entirely  soluble  in  water  unless  a  little  ammonia 
water  is  added.  At  best  the  solution  of  this  salt  is  usually 
slightly  alkaline,  and  the  pepsin  on  being  added  to  this  is 
rendered  inert  by  the  alkali.  If,  however,  the  hydrochloric 
acid  is  used  in  dissolving  the  pepsin  in  w-ater  and  this  solution 
added  to  the  bismuth  and  ammonium  citrate  dissolved  in  the 
balance  of  the  water,  the  action  of  the  pepsin  will  not  be 
destroyed,  but  a  precipitation  will  take  place.  This  precipi- 
tate is  bismuth  citrate,  the  hydrochloric  acid  breaking  up  the 
double  salt  and  combining  with  the  ammonia.    Pepsin  should 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  167 

not  be  prescribed  with  bismuth  and  ammonium  citrate,  as  one 
or  the  other  loses  much  of  its  activity.  When  such  a  pre- 
scription is  to  be  filled  it  is  best  to  dissolve  each  ingredient 
separately,  making  each  solution  neutral  before  mixing  them. 

31. 

When  the  sulphurous  acid  is  added  to  the  solution  of  the 
sodium  hypophosphite  in  the  cinnamon  water  a  turbidity  re- 
sults, due  to  the  separation  of  free  sulphur.  The  hypo- 
phosphite  is  oxidized  to  a  phosphate  and  the  sulphurous  acid 
is  reduced  to  sulphur.  In  the  presence  of  a  very  large  excess 
of  the  hypophosphite  the  sulphur  is  further  reduced  to  hy- 
drogen sulphide. 

32. 

Potassium  iodide  is  hygroscopic  in  a  moist  atmosphere 
and  powders  containing  it  usually  become  damp.  There  is  no 
reaction  between  calomel  and  potassium  iodide  if  the  mixture 
is  dry,  but  mixed  in  the  above  proportions  in  the  presence 
■of  moisture  a  dark-gray  powder  is  produced.  Mixed  in  more 
nearly  equal  proportions  a  yellowish-green  powder  is  formed. 
Chemical  reaction  takes  place,  with  the  formation  of  potas- 
sium chloride  and  mercurous  iodide,  which  is  yellow.  The 
mercurous  iodide  is  decomposed  by  the  excess  of  potassium 
iodide,  forming  a  double  salt  of  potassium  and  mercuric 
iodide  and  metallic  mercury,  and  it  is  the  metallic  mercury 
that  gives  the  mixture  the  gray  color.  This  prescription 
should  not  be  dispensed,  because  of  the  oxidation  of  the 
mercurous  compound  to  the  much  more  active  mercuric  com- 
pound, or  if  it  is,  the  dose  should  be  reduced  to  correspond 
with  that  of  the  mercuric  salt.  The  directions  are:  Mix, 
make  a  powder,  and  divide  into  10  powders  (papers). 

33. 

If  the  acid  is  added  to  the  tincture  a  red  coloration  is 
formed  at  contact  of  the  two  liquids.    This  red  color  quickly 


l68  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

changes  to  an  orange  and  then  to  a  yellow  when  the  liquids 
are  mixed.  The  changes  in  color  are  probably  due  to  the 
action  of  the  acid  on  the  brucine.  If  now  the  mixture  is 
allowed  to  stand  a  short  time  a  chemical  reaction  is  evidenced 
by  the  evolution  of  bubbles  of  gas.  This  reaction  continues 
slowly  for  several  hours,  and  is  due  to  the  acid  acting  on  the 
organic  matter  other  than  the  alkaloids,  probably  tannin. 
The  dilution  with  the  elixir  does  not  prevent  it.  On  adding 
the  acid  or  the  elixir  to  the  tincture  a  precipitate  of  inert 
matter  is  produced. 

34. 

There  is  not  enough  of  water  to  dissolve  all  of  the  quinine 
sulphate,  as  it  requires  740  parts  of  water.  The  water  will 
precipitate  inert  extractive  matter  from  the  tincture.  While 
potassium  iodide  does  not  always  precipitate  strychnine  sul- 
phate when  in  solution  with  it,  there  is  some  danger  of  precip- 
itation. (See  the  incompatibilities  of  strychnine.)  The  usual 
maximum  medicinal  dose  of  strychnine  sulphate  is  V12  oi  a. 
grain.  In  this  prescription  the  dose  is  ^/^q  of  a  grain  and  is 
dangerously  large.  The  prescription  should  not  be  dispensed 
without  first  having  called  the  prescriber's  attention  to  that 
fact,  as  well  as  to  the  possibility  of  the  strychnine  being  pre- 
cipitated by  the  potassium  iodide. 

35. 

The  wine  of  pepsin  of  the  National  Formulary  contains 
hydrochloric  acid  and  the  syrup  of  ipecac  contains  acetic 
acid.  There  is  a  suf^cient  amount  of  ammonium  carbonate  to 
neutralize  both  of  these  acids  and  render  the  solution  alka- 
line, thereby  destroying  the  activity  of  the  pepsin.  In  the 
reaction  carbon  dioxide  is  given  ofif  and  the  bottle  must  not 
be  corked  until  the  reaction  is  complete,  for  the  pressure  o£ 
the  gas  might  burst  the  bottle. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  169 

36. 

If  the  directions  to  rub  these  solids  together  be  followed 
an  explosion  will  probably  result.  Potassium  chlorate  forms 
an  explosive  mixture  with  each  of  the  three  other  ingredients. 
Each  substance  should  be  powdered  separately  and  all  mixed 
together  lightly.  Some  pharmacists  would  decline  to  fill  this 
prescription.  If  filled,  however,  the  patient  should  be  in- 
formed of  the  nature  of  the  mixture  and  cautioned  to  keep 
it  where  there  will  be  no  danger  of  its  receiving  a  blow  be- 
tween two  hard  surfaces. 

37. 

If  these  ingredients  are  mixed  together  and  allowed  to 
stand  the  oil  of  turpentine  will  rise  to  the  top.  The  oil 
should  first  be  emulsified  with  the  syrup  and  about  forty-five 
grains  of  acacia  and  then  the  other  liquids  added.  When 
water  is  added  to  paregoric  the  oil  of  anise  and  the  benzoic 
acid  are  precipitated,  but  these  would  be  held  in  suspension 
by  the  emulsion.  Sometimes  the  solution  of  ammonium 
acetate  is  alkahne,  there  having  been  an  excess  of  ammonium 
carbonate  or  a  deficient  amount  of  acetic  acid  used  in  making 
it.  In  such  a  case  the  acid  in  the  syrup  of  squills  will  liberate 
carbon  dioxide. 

38. 

Evidently  the  prescriber  wished  to  air  a  little  of  his 
knowledge  or  then  had  some  kind  of  an  agreement  with  a 
certain  pharmacist  to  fill  his  prescriptions.  It  is  unusual  to 
employ  the  chemical  symbols  in  writing  prescriptions,  and  it 
can  hardly  be  expected  that  the  dispenser  will  know  and 
remember  such  complicated  formulas  as  the  first  one  and  of 
a  compound  which  is  used  comparativelyseldom.  CigHoiNOg 
is  codeine,  KI  is  potassium  iodide,  CgHgOg  is  glycerin,  and 
H2O  is  water. 

This  prescription  was  filled  by  dissolving  the  codeine  in; 


170 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


the  glycerin  and  part  of  the  water.  The  iodide  was  dis- 
solved in  the  remainder  of  the  water  and  the  two  solutions 
mixed,  without  any  precipitation  occurring  at  once.  After 
several  days,  however,  there  was  a  deposit  of  very  fine 
crystals.  Potassium  iodide  precipitates  quite  a  number  of 
the  alkaloids  from  their  solutions.  This  precipitation  can  be 
prevented  by  having  a  small  amount  of  alcohol  present. 

39. 

The  potassium  chlorate  is  soluble  in  about  i6  parts  of 
water;  consequently  only  a  small  proportion  is  dissolved 
in  the  three  ounces  of  water.  Some  pharmacists  would  con- 
tend that  the  excess  of  the  chlorate  in  a  powdered  condition 
should  be  left  in  the  bottle,  so  that  the  patient  could  add 
water  to  it  as  the  liquid  was  used  up.  This  might  be  all 
right  if  it  were  a  simple  mixture  of  the  chlorate  and  water. 
But  in  the  above  prescription,  since  the  fluids  are  all  more  or 
less  medicinal,  it  is  evident  that  the  physician  wanted  only  a 
saturated  solution  of  the  chlorate  and  the  excess  removed. 
The  resinous  matter  of  the  tincture  is  precipitated  by  the 
water.  The  fluid  hydrastis  colorless  is  a  preparation  which 
seems  to  vary  much  in  composition.  The  U.  S.  Dispensa- 
tory gives  a  method  of  making  it  which  consists  in  dissolving 
twenty  grains  of  hydrastine  sulphate  in  one  pint  of  a  mixture 
of  equal  parts  of  glycerin  and  water. 

40. 

The  copaiba  when  mixed  with  the  tinctures  does  not 
make  a  clear  solution,  as  it  requires  from  three  to  four  times 
its  amount  of  alcohol,  although  it  is  readily  soluble  in  absolute 
alcohol.  On  the  further  addition  of  glycerin  the  mixture 
was  made  more  turbid  and  the  syrup  when  added  threw  out 
of  solution  most  of  the  copaiba,  which  had  been  dissolved  by 
the  alcohol  of  the  tinctures.  On  standing  the  copaiba  rises 
to  the  top,  but  the  syrup  and  glycerin  are  viscid  enough  to 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


171 


liold  it  in  suspension  for  some  little  time,  so  that  the  patient 
can  get  a  uniform  dose.  Or  this  can  be  made  into  an  emul- 
sion with  the  aid  of  some  acacia.  It  should  be  dispensed 
with  a  "  Shake  well  "  label. 

41. 

When  the  first  two  ingredients  are  rubbed  together  the 
liquid  chloral  camphor  is  formed.  This  will  not  dissolve  all 
of  the  cocaine  hydrochloride  for  which  the  prescription  calls. 
5  Dg.  is  5  dekagrams  or  50  grams,  which  is  undoubtedly  a 
mistake.  The  prescriber  probably  meant  5  dg.,  which  is  5 
decigrams  or  one  half  of  a  gram.  That  being  the  case,  the 
■cocaine  can  be  readily  mixed  with  the  oily  liquid. 

42. 

Strong  nitric  acid  decomposes  creosote,  with  the  forma- 
tion of  red  fumes.  Dilute  nitric  acid  converts  it  into  a  brown 
resin.  (U.  S.  Dispensatory,  17th  ed.,  450.)  In  filling  this 
prescription  the  nitric  acid  should  be  slowly  added  to  the 
creosote  with  constant  stirring.  A  considerable  heat  is  gen  • 
€rated  by  the  reaction,  and  the  mixture  should  be  allowed  tC' 
cool  before  adding  the  chloroform,  so  that  it  will  not  be 
volatilized.  It  is  doubtful  if  this  prescription  has  much  caustic 
■effect. 

43. 

Chloral  hydrate  is  decomposed  by  alkalies,  forming 
chloroform  and  a  formate  of  the  base.  Borax  is  sullficiently 
alkaline  so  that  chloroform  will  be  slowly  generated  and  can 
be  recognized  by  the  odor. 

44. 

There  is  considerable  danger  of  having  an  explosion  in 
attempting  to  fill  this.  If  the  potassium  chlorate  is  rubbed 
with  the  glycerin  explosion  is  liable  to  take  place.     Or  if 


1/2 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


the  chlorate  be  added  to  the  solution  of  ferric  chloride,  which 
always  contains  some  free  hydrochloric  acid,  chlorine  will  be 
formed,  and  this  will  act  upon  the  glycerin,  converting  it  into 
oxalic  and  carbonic  acids.  In  filling  this  the  temperature 
should  not  go  above  70°  F.,  and  then  the  bottle  should  be 
loosely  stoppered  for  a  time  before  giving  to  the  patient.  The 
chlorate  is  not  entirely  dissolved. 

45. 

The  amount  of  chlorine  formed  will  depend  upon  the 
order  of  mixing  the  ingredients.  If  the  potassium  chlorate 
and  hydrochloric  acid  are  mixed  and  then  the  water  added  a 
yellow  liquid  containing  much  free  chlorine  with  oxides  of 
chlorine  will  result.  If,  however,  the  salt  is  first  dissolved 
in  water  and  then  hydrochloric  acid  added  the  amount  of 
chlorine  formed  will  be  small.  The  physician  has  not  indi- 
cated which  was  wanted,  but  probably  the  latter,  as  the 
former  would  be  exceedingly  irritating. 

46. 

The  usual  maximum  dose  of  the  tincture  of  lobelia  is  sixty 
minims.  This  prescription  calls  for  twice  that  amount.  The 
doses  of  the  other  two  tinctures  are  rather  large,  although 
not  above  the  maximum.  Taking  into  consideration  the  fact 
that  the  mixture  is  to  be  taken  every  hour,  it  may  be  con- 
sidered a  dangerous  one  and  the  prescriber  should  be  con- 
sulted. Another  evidence  of  a  mistake  having  been  made  is 
seen  in  the  fact  that  a  three-ounce  mixture  is  obtained  with- 
out using  any  of  the  compound  syrup  of  squills  at  all.  Per- 
haps the  physician  intended  to  have  omitted  the  "  q.  s.  ad," 
thus  making  a  six-ounce  mixture. 

47. 

No  change  is  noticed  in  the  appearance  of  this  mixture  on 
standing  unless  exposed  to  sunlight  when  it  becomes  a  dirty 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


^7Z 


gray.  The  odor  is  still  prominent  at  the  end  of  a  month. 
According  to  the  U.  S.  D.  the  odor  of  the  iodoform  slowly 
diminishes,  due  to  the  decomposition  caused  by  the  tannic 
acid. 

48. 

On  triturating  these  two  substances  together  the  mixture 
becomes  black.  Ammonium  carbonate  acts  like  ammonium 
hydrate,  forming  the  black  compound  nitrogen  dihydrogen 
dimercurous  chloride  (NHaHgaCl).  There  seem  to  have  been 
no  physiological  experiments  made  with  this  compound, 
but,  as  acids  decompose  it,  probably  the  gastric  juice  breaks 
it  up  into  calomel  and  ammonium  chloride.  The  ammonium 
carbonate  probably  increases  the  action  of  the  calomel,  and 
may  possibly  tend  to  the  formation  of  some  mercuric  salt. 

49. 

The  dose  of  potassium  cyanide  is  dangerously  large,  the 
usual  maximum  dose  being  about  one  fourth  of  a  grain.  The 
physician,  knowing  that  morphine  acetate  frequently  is  not 
entirely  soluble,  has  directed  the  use  of  acetic  acid.  The 
excess  of  acid  combines  with  the  potassium,  liberating  hydro- 
cyanic acid.  The  potassium  cyanide  frequently  contains  a 
carbonate  as  an  impurity,  and  in  such  case  might  neutralize 
the  free  acid  and  precipitate  some  of  the  free  morphine.  In 
neutral  solutions  the  potassium  cyanide  precipitates  morphine 
cyanide  from  morphine  salts.  Morphine  cyanide  is  soluble 
in  acid  solutions.     The  prescription  should  .not  be  filled. 

50. 

The  alcohol  in  the  spirit  and  tincture  as  well  as  the  ferric 
chloride  gelatinizes  the  mucilage  of  acacia.  The  gelatinous 
mass  will  slowly  dissolve  in  the  syrup  on  standing.  The  best 
way  to  fill  the  prescription  is  to  dilute  the  tincture  with  part: 


174  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

of  the  syrup  and  mix  the  rest  of  the  syrup  with  the  spirit 
and  then  these  with  the  mucilage.  In  this  way  the  gelati- 
nization  is  avoided. 

51. 

Several  chemical  reactions  are  possible  in  filling  this  pre- 
scription, depending  upon  the  order  of  mixing  the  ingredi- 
ents. If  the  potassium  bicarbonate  is  added  to  the  syrup  of 
lemon  carbon  dioxide  will  be  liberated  by  the  citric  acid.  Spirit 
of  nitrous  ether  is  usually  acid  with  nitrous  and  nitric  acids,  and 
these  will  liberate  the  carbon  dioxide  if  brought  in  contact 
with  the  bicarbonate.  The  solution  of  potassium  hydrate  is 
capable  of  neutralizing  the  acid  in  the  spirit  or  part  of  that 
in  the  syrup.  The  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  if  added  directly 
to  the  fluid  extract  will  cause  a  reaction,  with  the  evolution 
of  red  fumes.  This  will  not  take  place  as  readily  if  the 
solution  of  potash  is  added  to  the  spirit  first.  Some  of  the 
resinous  matter  in  the  fluid  extract  is  precipitated  by  the 
syrup.  The  gas  which  is  formed  should  be  allowed  to  escape 
before  corking  the  bottle;  otherwise  an  "  explosion  "  might 
result. 

52. 

This  prescription  resembles  Blaud's  pills,  inasmuch  as  the 
potassium  carbonate  reacts  with  ferrous  sulphate  in  the  pres- 
ence of  moisture  to  form  the  green  ferrous  carbonate.  This 
ferrous  carbonate  oxidizes  in  the  air,  forming  ferric  oxide,  and 
to  prevent  this  some  sugar  should  be  added.  The  potassium 
carbonate  with  mercuric  chloride  gives  the  red-brown  oxy- 
chloride  of  mercury,  and  with  strychnine  sulphate  it  gives  the 
free  alkaloid.  As  the  mixture  is  to  be  made  into  pills,  and 
the  compounds  formed  are  not  more  active  than  those  pre- 
scribed, there  need  be  no  hesitation  about  filling  the  prescrip- 
tion. It  may  be  filled  by  following  the  general  directions  in 
the  U.  S.  P.  for  making  Blaud's  pills.  The  mass  is  strongly 
alkaline. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  175 

53. 

If  these  three  ingredients  are  mixed  in  the  absence  of 
moisture  no  change  in  appearance  is  noticeable.  In  the 
presence  of  moisture  the  mixture  at  once  begins  to  turn  gray. 
This  is  due  to  the  formation  of  metallic  mercury  and  mercur- 
ous  oxide,  while  at  the  same  time  some  mercuric  chloride  is 
formed  (M.  M.  R.,  vii.  492).  The  sodium  bicarbonate  seems 
to  play  some  part  in  the  reaction  since  calomel  and  antipyrin 
with  water  do  not  readily  darken.  This  should  be  considered 
a  rather  dangerous  prescription. 

54. 

On  standing  the  citric  acid  in  the  syrup  combines  with 
the  sodium,  liberating  salicylic  acid,  which,  being  only  spar- 
ingly soluble  in  water,  is  precipitated  in  needle-shaped 
crystals.  This  can  be  dispensed  as  a  shake  mixture.  The 
precipitation  is  rather  tardy,  and  it  would  be  well  to  inform 
the  patient  of  the  change  which  will  take  place. 

55. 

Reaction  takes  place  between  the  potassium  iodide  and 
the  ferric  chloride,  forming  free  iodine,  ferrous  chloride,  and 
potassium  chloride.  Potassium  iodide  and  spirit  of  nitrous 
ether  react,  forming  free  iodine  and  nitric  oxide.  Gentian  is 
said  to  contain  no  tannin,  but  the  other  drugs  with  which  it 
is  combined  in  the  compound  tincture  do.  The  tannin  com- 
bines with  the  iron  to  form  the  black  inky  ferric  tannate. 
This  prescription  should  not  be  dispensed  on  account  of  the 
free  iodine  formed.    The  iodine  is  not  precipitated. 

56. 

If  the  solution  of  dialyzed  iron  has  been  improperly  made 
and  is  strongly  acid  no  precipitation  occurs.  But  if  it  is 
nearly  neutral,  as  it  should  be,  ferric  hydrate  is  precipitated 


176  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

by  the  alkali  that  is  in  Fowler's  solution.  The  ferric  hydrate 
forms  with  the  arsenic  an  insoluble  compound  of  basic  ferric 
arsenite,  which  to  some  extent  changes  to  ferrous  arsenate. 
Though  liquid  at  first  the  mixture  may  gelatinize  after  several 
days. 

57. 

Giving  but  a  glance  at  this  prescription  we  would  con- 
clude that  it  should  not  be  dispensed,  that  the  strychnine 
would  be  precipitated.  But  upon  closer  study  we  find  that 
the  solution  of  strychnine,  B.  P.,  is  an  acid  hydro-alcoholic 
solution  containing  about  one  per  cent,  of  strychnine  hydro- 
chloride. On  adding  sodium  bicarbonate  to  this  the  hydro- 
chloric acid  combines  with  it,  and  the  strychnine  is  liberated, 
but  not  precipitated.  Strychnine  (free  alkaloid)  is  soluble  in 
about  6700  parts  of  water.  In  this  prescription  we  have  only 
about  .015  Gm.  in  100  Cc.  or  i  part  to  7500  of  water,  a 
sufficient  amount  of  water  to  keep  the  alkaloid  in  solution. 

58. 

In  making  Fowler's  solution  the  excess  of  potassium  bi- 
carbonate used  is  changed  to  the  carbonate  by  boiling  and  the 
carbonate  makes  the  solution  alkaline.  Potassium  carbonate 
precipitates  a  solution  of  mercuric  chloride  as  the  basic  mer- 
curic chloride.  In  this  prescription  there  may  be  a  red-brown 
precipitate  of  the  oxychloride  of  mercury  but  more  generally 
a  white  precipitate  of  calomel  forms.  An  arsenite  in  an 
alkaline  solution  reduces  mercuric  chloride  to  mercurous 
chloride  and  in  excess  to  metallic  mercury.  Had  the  pre- 
scriber  used  the  solution  of  arsenous  acid  instead  of  potassium 
arsenite  no  trouble  would  have  resulted.  The  compounder 
should  neutralize  the  Fowler's  solution  with  hydrochloric  acid 
before  adding  to  the  solution  of  mercuric  chloride. 

59. 

On  dissolving  the  quinine  sulphate  in  part  of  the  cinnamon 
water  with  the  aid  of  the  sulphuric  acid,  then  adding  the 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


177 


potassium  acetate  previously  dissolved  in  the  remainder  of 
the  water,  a  voluminous  precipitate  of  quinine  acetate  is  ob- 
tained. Quinine  acetate  is  only  sparingly  soluble  in  v^ater, 
and  the  amount  here  formed  is  so  large  and  bulky  that  it  is 
difificult  to  pour  out  an  even  dose. 

60. 

Different  results  are  obtained,  according  to  the  order  of 
mixing  the  ingredients.  If  the  Fowler's  solution  is  added  to 
the  solution  of  dialyzed  iron  ferric  hydrate  is  precipitated, 
and  this  combines  with  the  arsenic  to  form  an  insoluble  basic 
ferric  arsenite.  But  if  the  syrup  is  added  to  the  iron  and  the 
Fowler's  solution  is  diluted  a  little  with  water  and  then  added 
to  the  iron,  little  or  no  precipitation  takes  place.  Sugar  to 
some  extent  acts  as  a  solvent  for  the  ferric  hydrate.  Solu- 
tion of  dialyzed  iron  varies  considerably  in  the  amount  of 
acidity  which  it  has;  if  properly  made  it  is  nearly  neutral. 
Some  samples  are  sufficiently  acid  to  prevent  any  precipita- 
tion by  Fowler's  solution.  There  is  some  danger  of  the 
strychnine  being  precipitated  by  the  alkali  in  the  Fowler's 
solution.  Syrup  or  water  added  to  the  tincture  of  cinchona 
causes  a  turbidity.  The  tannin  in  the  tincture  will  make  a 
black  mixture  with  the  iron.  To  avoid  the  precipitations 
noted  above  the  solution  of  potassium  arsenite  should  first 
be  neutralized  with  hydrochloric  acid ;  or  a  better  way  would 
be  to  get  the  prescriber  to  use  the  solution  of  arsenous  acid 
instead  of  potassium  arsenite.  The  directions  translated  into 
English  are:  Mix.  Label:  Let  a  teaspoonful  be  taken  after 
dinner. 

61. 

The  dose  of  aconitine  is  entirely  too  large  unless  the  par- 
ticular sample  to  be  used  has  been  proved  to  be  compara- 
tively inert.  Two  and  one  half  grains  of  a  so-called  aconitine 
have  been  taken  without  ill  effects,  while  ^/i28  of  a  grain 
has  been  reported  to  have  caused  death.    The  commencing 


178  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

dose  of  absolute  aconitine  should  not  be  much  over  Veoo  of  a 
grain.  In  this  prescription  there  are  several  physiological 
incompatibilities.  In  action  aconitine  is  more  or  less  opposed 
to  morphine,  strychnine,  and  belladonna.  Morphine  is  to 
some  extent  antagonistic  to  atropine  and  strychnine,  and 
atropine  to  strychnine. 

62. 

This  makes  a  clear  colorless  solution  at  first.  In  a  day 
or  two  it  acquires  a  yellow  color  which  deepens.  The  prod- 
ucts formed  have  not  been  determined.  A  similar  prescrip- 
tion containing  glycerin  is  sometimes  written,  and  it  does, 
not  change  in  color  so  readily. 

63. 

The  mercuric  chloride  and  ferrous  iodide  react  to  form 
mercuric  iodide  and  ferrous  chloride.  The  insoluble  red 
iodide  of  mercury  thus  formed  is  redissolved  in  the  excess  of 
ferrous  iodide.  The  creosote  requires  150  parts  of  water  for 
solution.  In  this  case  there  is  an  excess  of  creosote,  and  it 
forms  an  oily  layer  on  top  unless  it  is  emulsified.  Occasion- 
ally the  solution  of  ammonium  acetate  is  alkaline,  and  in  such 
a  case  it  might  give  a  precipitate  with  the  mercuric  chloride, 
forming  ammoniated  mercury,  and  with  the  ferrous  iodide, 
forming  ferrous  carbonate. 

64. 

The  ingredients  of  this  prescription  can  be  mixed  so  as  to 
make  a  homogeneous  mass,  but  on  standing  for  a  few  days 
the  balsam  separates  from  the  petrolatum.  This  can  be  pre- 
vented by  incorporating  one  and  a  half  drams  of  simple  cerate 
or  of  lanolin  in  place  of  a  like  amount  of  petrolatum.  The 
odor  of  iodoform  is  gradually  lost,  due,  according  to  the 
U.  S.  P.,  741,  to  the  formation  of  a  new  compound. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  179 

65. 

This  gives  a  clear  solution  at  first  but  after  a  day  or  two 
a  precipitate  is  formed.  The  precipitate  gives  a  test  for  both 
arsenic  and  iodine.  There  may  be  an  oxy-iodide  of  arsenic 
formed.  If  this  mixture  is  dispensed  at  all  it  should  be  with, 
a  "  Shake  well  "  label. 

66. 

The  euphorin,  aristol,  tannic  acid,  and  alum  can  be 
triturated  together,  producing  a  powder.  On  adding  the 
crystallized  carbolic  acid  to  this  mixture,  it  becomes  very 
soft,  almost  liquid.  This  change  is  the  result  of  bringing 
carbolic  acid  in  contact  with  the  euphorin,  these  two  sub- 
stances liquefying  when  triturated  together.  The  mass  with 
the  oil  of  theobroma  makes  a  mixture  too  soft  to  be  made 
into  suppositories.  It  is  necessary  to  render  it  firmer  by  the 
addition  of  wax,  spermaceti,  or  some  absorbing  powder,  as, 
starch  or  slippery  elm. 

67. 

Although  the  sulphuric  acid  aids  the  solution  of  the 
quinine  sulphate,  it  precipitates  the  glycyrrhizin  of  the  fluid 
extract.  The  glycyrrhizin,  thus  precipitated  as  glycyrrhizic 
acid,  loses  much  of  its  sweet  taste  and  no  longer  disguises 
the  taste  of  the  quinine.  It  would  have  been  better  if  the 
prescriber  had  omitted  the  sulphuric  acid  and  directed  a  shake 
mixture.  The  water  causes  the  separation  of  a  small  amount 
of  inert  matter  from  the  fluid  extract, 

68. 

Several  chemical  reactions  take  place,  depending  upon  the 
manner  of  filling  this  prescription:  i.  Between  the  hydro- 
chloric acid  in  the  tincture  and  the  potassium  chlorate,  liberat- 
ing chlorine.     2.  The  chlorine  thus  formed  may  act  upon 


l8o  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

the  glycerin  or  alcohol.  3.  Between  the  hydrochloric  acid 
and  the  ammonia  and  glycyrrhizin  in  the  fluid  extract,  pre- 
cipitating the  glycyrrhizic  acid.  4.  Between  the  iron  and 
tannic  acid  in  the  fluid  extract,  giving  the  black  tannate  of 
iron. 

69. 

The  dose  of  the  arsenic  and  of  the  strychnine  is  between 
V7  and  Vs  of  ^  grain  in  this  prescription.  The*  maximum 
dose  of  each,  as  generally  given,  is  not  over  Vio  o^  ^  grain. 
The  prescriber  should  be  consulted.  Moreover,  each  pill 
would  contain  about  seven  grains  of  medicinal  matter,  which, 
considering  the  bulky  quinine  sulphate  and  extract  of  gentian, 
makes  a  very  large  pill.  Where  such  a  large  pill  is  prescribed, 
twice  as  many  pills  are  sometimes  made  as  directed  and  then 
the  number  to  be  taken  at  one  time  is  doubled. 

70. 

Water  can  be  added  to  carboHc  acid,  until  the  proportion 
is  about  3  parts  of  acid  to  i  part  of  water,  forming  a  clear 
solution  (Allen,  Organic  Analysis,  11,  537).  On  adding 
more  water  the  acid  separates  as  an  oily  liquid,  going  to 
the  bottom.  When  water  has  been  added  so  that  the  pro- 
portion is  about  I  part  of  acid  to»i5  parts  of  water,  a  clear 
solution  again  results.  In  this  prescription  there  will  be  a 
layer  of  liquefied  acid  in  the  bottom  of  the  bottle.  If  the 
brush  should  remain  in  the  bottle  between  the  periods  of 
using  it  there  is  danger  that  it  will  become  saturated  with  the 
strong  acid  and  that  the  patient  will  apply  it  in  this  condi- 
tion. By  the  use  of  two  drams  of  glycerin  in  place  of  part  of 
the  water  a  clear  solution  can  be  made,  and  this  is  what  the 
dispenser  should  use. 

71. 

If  the  tincture  of  iron  is  added  directly  to  the  mucilage  of 
acacia  the  acacia  is  gelatinized  by  the  iron.    This  gelatinous 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  i8l 

mass  will  redissolve  after  standing  for  some  time  with  the 
other  ingredients,  but  can  be  avoided  by  diluting  the  iron 
^vith  the  other  ingredients  first.  When  an  acetate  or  acetic 
acid  is  added  to  a  solution  of  a  ferric  salt  the  solution  turns 
a  deep  red,  due  to  the  formation  of  ferric  acetate. 

72. 

Different  results  may  be  obtained  by  changing  the  order 
of  mixing  these  ingredients.  If  the  corrosive  sublimate  is 
dissolved  in  the  water  and  then  added  to  the  lime  water  the 
yellow  mercuric  oxide  is  precipitated.  This  if  mixed  with 
the  mucilage  and  allowed  to  stand  for  some  time  changes  to 
a  dirty-brown  color.  If  the  lime  water  is  added  to  the  solu- 
tion of  mercury  the  red-brown  basic  chloride  of  mercury  is 
precipitated.  If  the  solution  of  mercuric  chloride  is  added 
to  the  mucilage  of  acacia  and  then  the  lime  water  added  to 
this  no  precipitation  of  mercury  takes  place.  On  allowing 
this  to  stand  for  a  few  days  a  flocculent  precipitate  is  formed, 
slowly  increasing.  Acacia  prevents  the  precipitation  of  a 
number  of  the  heavy  metals  by  the  alkaline  hydrates. 

73. 

The  bismuth  subnitrate  is  insoluble  in  the  syrup,  but  a 
chemical  reaction  takes  place  between  it  and  the  hydriodic 
acid,  as  is  evidenced  by  the  change  in  color.  Bismuth  sub- 
nitrate  is  white;  on  mixing  it  with  the  syrup  the  color  be- 
comes yellow,  and  within  a  few  minutes  it  turns  to  a  dark 
brown  and  then  grayish  black.  On  allowing  the  precipitate 
to  settle  it  appears  to  be  a  mixture  of  two  compounds,  one 
yellow  and  the  other  dark  gray.  According  to  Watts'  Dic- 
tionary, the  oxyiodide  of  bismuth  is  copper-colored  and  the 
bismuth  iodide  is  a  brilliant  gray. 

74. 

Some  samples  of  pepsin  are  hygroscopic  and  in  such  a 
case  the  powders  may  become  damp.     Pepsin  is  rendered 


l82  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

inert  by  alkalies,  as  sodium  bicarbonate.  The  prescriber  said 
that  he  gave  the  soda  where  the  bowels  are  locked  to  some 
extent,  so  as  to  neutralize  the  acid  and  allow  freer  movements. 

75. 

The  sodium  phosphate  of  the  U.  S.  P.  is  the  Na2HP04 
and  is  slightly  alkaline  to  litmus.  This  alkalinity  may  cause 
precipitation  of  the  strychnine,  and  it  should  be  neutralized 
with  a  little  phosphoric  acid  before  the  solutions  of  sodium 
phosphate  and  strychnine  sulphate  are  mixed. 

76. 

If  the  turpentine  is  poured  upon  the  iodine  violent 
chemical  reaction  results,  with  the  formation  of  violet  fumes 
of  vaporized  iodine,  caused  by  the  heat  generated.  While 
there  is  not  enough  of  alcohol  to  dissolve  all  of  the  iodine,  it 
is  best  to  dissolve  as  much  as  possible  before  adding  the 
turpentine,  which  should  be  added  in  small  portions,  cooling 
the  mixture  if  necessary.  Upon  standing  the  liquid  separates 
into  two  layers.  The  lower  one,  being  much  smaller  in 
amount  and  very  dark  colored,  is  probably  the  alcohol  hold- 
ing most  of  the  iodine  in  solution ;  the  upper  stratum  is  very 
much  lighter  in  color  and  is  probably  the  turpentine.  Tur- 
pentine and  alcohol  are  not  miscible  in  all  proportions. 

77. 

According  to  the  National  Formulary,  Hall's  solution  of 
strychnine  contains  Vs  of  ^  grain  of  strychnine  acetate  to  the 
dram,  together  with  some  acetic  acid.  Fowler's  solution 
contains,  besides  the  potassium  arsenite,  some  potassium  bi- 
carbonate or  carbonate  (formed  by  the  boiling  of  the  bicar- 
bonate in  water).  This  carbonate  will  react  with  the  acetic- 
acid,  liberating  a  little  carbon  dioxide  and  forming  potassium- 
acetate.  If  there  is  an  excess  of  the  alkaline  carbonate  the 
strychnine    will    be    liberated    as    the    free    alkaloid..       The 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  183 

Strychnine  will  not  be  precipitated,  however,  as  it  is  soluble 
in  no  parts  of  alcohol,  and  the  prescription  can  be  filled 
without  difficulty. 

78. 

The  resinous  matter  in  the  tincture  of  myrrh  is  precipi- 
tated by  the  syrup.  By  adding  the  tincture  to  the  syrup  in 
small  portions  and  shaking  well  after  each  addition  the  resin 
comes  down  in  .a  form  in  which  it  can  be  more  readily  sus- 
pended in  the  liquid.  Tannic  acid  combines  with  the  mor- 
phine to  form  a  compound  insoluble  in  water.  It  is  difficult 
if  not  impossible  to  get  an  even  dose  of  morphine. 

79. 

In  filling  this  prescription  each  of  the  salts  was  dissolved 
in  separate  portions  of  water.  The  potassium  iodide  solution 
was  added  to  the  mercuric  chloride  solution,  and  at  first  there 
was  a,red  precipitate  of  mercuric  iodide,  which  was  dissolved 
by  the  further  addition  of  the  potassium  iodide,  forming  the 
soluble  potassium  mercuric  iodide.  On  the  addition  of  the 
ammonium  carbonate  solution  to  this  no  change  of  any  kind 
was  noticed.  However,  when  the  ammonium  carbonate  solu- 
tion was  added  to  the  mercuric  chloride  solution  a  white  pre- 
cipitate of  ammoniated  mercury  was  formed.  On  adding  the 
potassium  iodide  solution  to  this  mixture  the  precipitate  dis- 
appeared and  a  clear  nearly  colorless  solution  was  formed. 
Probably  the  ammoniated  mercury  was  decomposed  and  the 
soluble  double  compound  of  potassium  mercuric  iodide  was 
formed. 

80. 

When  the  ingredients  of  this  prescription  are  mixed  the 
liberation  of  iodine  commences  at  once  and  continues  for 
some  time.  The  wine  and  spirit  were  mixed  and  neutralized 
with  ammonia,  thinking  thereby  to  prevent  the  formation  of 


l84  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

iodine.  However,  iodine  was  set  free  within  an  hour  and  in 
two  hours  the  Hquid  had  assumed  a  dark-brown  color.  When 
an  excess  of  ammonia  is  used  a  dark-green  color  is  pro- 
duced, probably  due  to  the  formation  of  a  ferroso-ferric  com- 
pound, and  the  liberation  of  iodine  is  prevented  for  a  time. 
Such  addition  of  ammonia  is  not  admissible.  Filled  as  written 
the  iodine  is  precipitated  in  time.  The  prescription  should 
not  be  dispensed. 

81. 

This  mixture  in  a  short  time  becomes  yellow  and  within 
twenty-four  hours  it  changes  to  a  light  brown.  The  colora- 
tion is  due  largely  to  the  action  of  the  nitrous  acid  on  the 
morphine.  Less  change  takes  place  if  the  mixture  is  neutral. 
The  morphine  is  converted  into  nitroso-morphine,  pseudo- 
morphine,  and  another  base  (M.  &  M.,  iii.  436). 

82. 

Potassium  chlorate  with  organic  matter  makes  a  mixture 
which  can  be  quite  easily  exploded.  A  store  was  nearly  de- 
molished and  the  compounder  received  serious  injuries  by  an 
explosion  caused  by  rubbing  salicylic  acid  and  potassium 
chlorate  in  a  new  Wedgwood  mortar.  If  the  ingredients, 
are  powdered  separately  and  then  mixed  lightly  there  is  but 
little  danger  to  the  pharmacist.  Perhaps  the  patient  should 
be  informed  of  the  nature  of  the  mixture. 

83. 

The  pharmacist  who  received  this  prescription  in  attempt- 
ing to  fill  it  rubbed  the  three  ingredients  together  dry  and 
caused  an  explosion,  whereby  he  was  quite  severely  injured. 
The  explosion  was  due  to  the  reaction  between  the  chlorate 
and  hypophosphite.  The  pills  can  be  made  by  powdering 
the  ingredients  separately,  then  mixing  lightly  with  powdered 
extract  of  liquorice  and  massing  with  water. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  185 

84. 

Iodine  is  soluble  in  about  10  parts  of  alcohol.  As  much 
of  the  iodine  as  possible  was  dissolved  in  the  alcohol  and 
then  the  camphor  dissolved  in  this.  This  solution  was  then 
gradually  added  to  the  mercurial  ointment  with  constant 
trituration  and  the  water  was  added  last.  On  standing  a  few 
minutes  a  red  precipitate  was  formed  and  the  mixture  sep- 
arated into  three  layers.  In  the  bottom  was  this  red  pre- 
cipitate, probably  mercuric  iodide,  then  a  layer  of  fatty  matter, 
and  on  top  a  hydro-alcoholic  fluid  containing  free  iodine. 
This  mixture  was  such  that  it  could  be  shaken  up  and  applied. 
On  the  third  day  the  red  precipitate  had  disappeared,  leav- 
ing the  yellow  fatty  matter  and  a  fluid  somewhat  red  and 
containing  a  little  free  iodine.  Seven  days  later  the  liquid 
was  yellowish  brown  and  contained  only  a  trace  of  iodine. 
Part  of  the  iodine  probably  combined  with  the  mercury  to 
form  mercuric  iodide,  and  part  was  probably  reduced  to  a 
soluble  iodide,  which  dissolved  the  mercuric  iodide.  Another 
part  of  the  iodine  probably  combined  with  some  of  the  cam- 
phor and  fatty  matter.  Although  the  activity  of  the  iodine 
is  very  much  diminished  the  mixture  is  decidedly  active  on 
account  of  the  mercuric  salt  formed. 

85. 

"  Creolin  is  said  to  be  an  emulsion  of  cresol,  obtained  by 
means  of  resin  soap.  Creolin  forms  a  milky  emulsion  or  mix- 
ture with  water."     (U.  S.  Dispensatory.  1610.) 

This  prescription  may  be  filled  by  dissolving  the  acid  in 
the  water  and  adding  the  creolin  slowly  with  constant  shak- 
ing. Part  of  the  creoHn  separates  on  standing,  but  it  may 
be  readily  mixed  by  agitation.  As  this  is  an  eye-lotion  and 
not  clear,  an  attempt  was  made  to  filter  it,  but  with  the  result 
of  separating  nearly  all  of  the  creolin.  It  should  be  dispensed 
with  a  "  Shake  well  "  label. 


l86  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

86. 

The  citric  acid  should  be  dissolved  in  the  boiling  water 
and  then  the  magnesium  carbonate  added  to  this.  Carbon 
dioxide  is  liberated  and  magnesium  citrate  goes  into  solution. 
The  addition  of  borax  does  not  cause  any  precipitation,  al- 
though the  solution  is  alkaline.  If  the  borax  is  added  to 
the  solution  of  citric  acid  and  then  the  magnesium  carbonate 
a  large  amount  of  the  last  ingredient  is  not  dissolved,  the 
acid  having  been  nearly  neutralized  by  the  borax. 

87. 

Gold  and  sodium  chloride  precipitates  the  sulphates  of 
atropine  and  strychnine  and  the  alkaloids  in  cinchona.  There 
is  about  thirty  per  cent,  of  alcohol  present  but  not  enough  to 
prevent  precipitation.  By  dissolving  the  gold  and  sodium 
chloride  in  water  and  adding  an  equal  weight  of  sodium  thio- 
sulphate  a  compound  is  formed  that  does  not  precipitate  the 
alkaloids  from  this  mixture.  The  gold  may  be  reduced  on 
standing  for  some  time.  Water  precipitates  inert  matter  from 
the  fluid  extract.  Atropine  and  strychnine  are  somewhat  an- 
tagonistic in  their  physiological  action. 

88. 

In  medium-sized  medicinal  doses  morphine  and  atropine 
are  physiologically  incompatible.  But  the  minute  dose  of 
atropine  in  this  prescription  assists  rather  than  diminishes  the 
action  of  morphine  by  relieving  the  cardiac  depression,  indi- 
gestion, and  constipation. 

89. 

The  pharmacist  should  not  use  the  excipient  directed. 
Potassium  permanganate  is  easily  reduced  by  organic  matter, 
which  it  in  turn  oxidizes.  Some  excipient  must  be  chosen 
that  will  not  reduce  the  permanganate.    A  mixture  of  equal 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  187 

parts  of  petrolatum,  paraffin,  and  kaolin  makes  a  good  one, 
or  resin  cerate  with  althea  may  be  used. 

90. 

The  oil  of  turpentine  reacts  with  the  acids,  with  the  gen- 
eration of  much  heat,  and  unless  care  be  taken  it  will  be 
ignited.  The  acids  should  be  mixed  and  cooled  and  then 
added  in  small  portions  to  the  oil,  cooling  after  each  addi- 
tion. The  alcohol  should  be  added  last,  after  the  mixture  is 
cold,  so  as  to  avoid  volatilization. 

91. 

On  mixing  the  acid  with  the  bicarbonate  in  the  presence 
of  water  effervescence  takes  place,  due  to  the  liberation  of 
carbon  dioxide;  a  nearly  colorless  quite  strongly  alkaline  so- 
lution results.  If  this  is  allowed  to  stand  undisturbed  for 
two  or  three  days  the  lower  part  of  the  liquid  will  be  of  a 
light-brown  color  and  the  upper  part  of  a  dark  brown,  and 
finally  it  will  become  dark  brown  throughout.  An  aqueous 
solution  of  a  salicylate  turns  dark  when  exposed  to  the  air, 
probably  on  account  of  the  formation  of  some  oxidation 
products.  This  change  takes  place  much  more  quickly  when 
the  solution  is  alkaline.  If  the  physician  had  prescribed 
sodium  salicylate  instead  of  the  salicylic  acid  and  sodium 
bicarbonate  he  would  have  gotten  the  same  physiological 
effect,  made  a  better  preparation  pharmaceutically,  and  saved 
the  pharmacist  considerable  time  and  work.  The  patient 
should  be  informed  of  the  change  of  color  that  will  take  place. 

92. 

This  can  be  filled  by  dissolving  the  alkaloidal  salts  in  the 
syrup  of  lemon  and  tincture  of  iron,  adding  the  water,  and 
then  the  phosphoric  acid  last.  The  solution  is  clear  and  of  a 
pale  reddish  color  previous  to  the  addition  of  the  acid.  After 
the  addition  of  the  acid  the  solution  becomes  colorless  and 


1 88  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

slightly  turbid  and  in  a  few  minutes  a  heavy  precipitate  is- 
formed.  The  three  disturbing  causes  are  tincture  of  iron, 
phosphoric  acid,  and  quinine  sulphate,  leaving  out  any  one 
of  which  prevents  precipitation.  If  the  amount  of  quinine  is 
reduced  to  three  grams  there  is  but  little  precipitation  and 
none  if  it  is  reduced  to  tw'o  grams.  The  decoloration  is  due 
to  the  formation  of  ferric  phosphate,  w^hich  is  insoluble  in 
water  but  soluble  when  there  is  an  excess  of  free  acid. 

93. 

This  was  filled  by  dissolving  the  antikamnia  in  the  elixir 
with  the  aid  of  heat;  there  was  no  separation  at  once.  The 
quinine  bisulphate  was  then  added  and  an  effervescence  took 
place.  A  clear  solution  resulted,  which  on  standing  a  short 
time  deposited  needle-shaped  crystals.  The  solution  is  al- 
kaline to  litmus.  Antikamnia  is  said  to  contain  acetanilid, 
sodium  bicarbonate,  and  caffeine.  It  is  probably  this  bicar- 
bonate that  causes  the  effervescence  with  the  bisulphate  of 
quinine  and  at  the  same  time  sets  free  the  alkaloid  which  is 
precipitated.  Some  acetaniHd  is  also  precipitated  on  stand- 
ing. 

94. 

The  first  two  ingredients  when  mixed  give  a  greenish- 
brown  solution,  which  when  diluted  with  water  gives  a 
deep-blue  color  and  largely  diluted  gives  a  violet  color. 
On  adding  the  sulphurous  acid  the  color  is  destroyed  within 
a  few  minutes.  -The  ferric  chloride  is  reduced  to  the  ferrous 
chloride  and  sulphate,  and  a  ferrous  salt  does  not  give  a 
coloration  with  carbolic  acid.  If  the  sulphurous  acid  is  added 
direct  to  the  tincture  of  ferric  chloride  a  deep-red  solution  of 
ferric  sulphite  is  formed,  which  changes  to  ferrous  sulphate 
and  becomes  colorless.  Adding  the  carbolic  acid  to  this  gives 
no  coloration.  It  makes  little  or  no  difference  what  order  is. 
observed  in  filling  this  prescription. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  189 

95. 

Ferrous  sulphate  usually  contains  some  ferric  sulphate  and 
this  reacts  with  the  calcium  hypophosphite  to  form  ferric 
hypophosphite  and  calcium  sulphate,  the  former  being  only 
sparingly  soluble,  and  the  latter  requiring  380  parts  of  water 
for  solution.  Part  of  the  sulphuric  acid  of  the  Epsom  salt 
will  go  to  form  calcium  sulphate.  In  an  acid  solution  the 
potassium  chlorate  would  have  an  oxidizing  efifect  on  the 
ferrous  sulphate  and  also  on  the  hypophosphite;  in  this  pre- 
scription it  probably  has  but  little  chemical  action.  The 
solution  of  strychnine  is  a  British  preparation  containing 
about  one  per  cent,  of  strychnine  hydrochloride.  Potassium 
chlorate  and  a  hypophosphite  should  not  be  triturated  to- 
gether dry,  as  they  form  an  explosive  mixture. 

96. 

This  mixture  makes  a  clear  alkaline  solution,  colorless  at 
first,  but  in  a  few  minutes  acquiring  a  light-brown  color, 
which  slowly  becomes  dark  red-brown  or  almost  black.  This 
coloration  is  due  partly  to  the  alkaline  salicylate  acquiring  a 
red  color  in  the  air,  and  partly  to  the  efifect  of  action  of  the 
spirit  of  nitrous  ether  upon  the  salicylate.  Prof.  Attfield 
suggests  the  formation  of  nitrosalicylic  acid  which  is  colored. 
The  change  does  not  take  place  quite  as  rapidly  when  the 
spirit  is  mixed  with  the  carbonate  previous  to  the  dissolving 
of  the  sodium  salt.  Generally  the  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  is 
acid,  and  when  ammonium  carbonate  is  added  to  it  carbon 
dioxide  is  given  ofif. 

97. 

This  was  filled  in  several  ways,  the  result  being  the  same. 
The  codeine  was  triturated  with  a  little  water  and  a  half  dram 
of  dilute  phosphoric  acid  added  to  dissolve  the  alkaloid.  The 
hydrocyanic  acid  was  next  added,  and  then  the  tincture  of 
iodine,  which  did  not  precipitate  the  alkaloid,  but  was  itself 


190 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


decolorized  at  once.     Tlie  furtlier  addition  of  the  water  sim- 
ply diluted  the  solution. 

If  the  tincture  of  iodine  is  added  to  the  solution  of  codeine 
in  water  and  phosphoric  acid  a  reddish-brown  precipitate  is 
formed,  consisting  of  codeine  and  iodine.  This  precipitate 
is  not  dissolved  by  adding  an  excess  of  phosphoric  acid  or 
sulphuric  acid,  but  the  twenty  minims  of  dilute  hydrocyanic 
acid  dissolves  the  precipitate  and  makes  a  clear  colorless  solu- 
tion. The  explanation  is  that  the  hydrocyanic  acid  reduces 
the  iodine  to  an  iodide  and  thus  breaks  up  the  compound 
of  codeine  and  iodine.  Other  reducing  agents,  as  sodium 
hyposulphite,  have  a  similar  effec," 

98. 

Reaction  takes  place  between  the  calcium  hydrate  and 
the  mercurous  chloride,  forming  calcium  chloride  and  the 
black  mercurous  oxide.  This  is  similar  to  the  "  black  wash  " 
of  the  National  Formulary. 

99. 

The  best  way  to  fill  this  prescription  is  to  dissolve  the 
corrosive  sublimate  in  the  glycerin  mixed  with  a  half  dram 
of  water.  Then  to  this  solution  add  all  at  once  the  syrup  of 
lime.  A  yellow  precipitate  is  formed  at  first,  but  this  quickly 
disappears  and  a  clear  slightly  yellowish  liquid  results.  A 
slight  light-gray  precipitate  is  formed  after  standing  a 
day,  and  this  increases  slowly  for  several  days.  Certain  or- 
ganic substances,  such  as  glycerin,  sugar,  and  gum  arable, 
Tiave  the  power  of  preventing  the  precipitation  of  solutions  of 
some  of  the  metallic  salts  by  alkali  hydrates. 

If  the  syrup  of  lime  is  added  slowly  to  the  solution  of 
corrosive  sublimate  a  yellow  precipitate  is  formed,  but  is  re- 
dissolved  again  when  the  water  is  added.  Quite  a  heavy  steel- 
gray  precipitate  forms  within  an  hour  and  it  slowly  increases 
on  further  standing.  A  similar  result  takes  place  if  the  solu- 
tion of  mercuric  chloride  is  added  to  the  syrup  of  lime. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  191 

100. 

Free  bromine  is  formed  if  the  potassium  bromide  is  added 
to  the  tincture  and  the  free  bromine  combines  with  antipyrin. 
If  the  bromide  is  dissolved  in  water  and  then  added  to  the 
tincture  of  iron  previously  diluted  with  water  no  bromine  is 
liberated.  Antipyrin  gives  an  intense  red  coloration  with  the 
tincture  of  iron. 

101. 

The  compound  tincture  of  iodine  was  official  in  the  1870 
Pharmacopoeia  and  contained  iodine  and  potassium  iodide 
dissolved  in  alcohol.  Reaction  takes  place  between  the  gold 
chloride  and  the  potassium  iodide.  "  Potassium  iodide,  added 
in  small  portions  to  a  solution  of  auric  chloride  (so  that 
the  latter  is  constantly  in  excess  where  the  two  salts  are  in 
contact),  and  when  equivalent  proportions  have  been  reached^ 
gives  a  yellow  precipitate  of  aurous  iodide,  Aul,  insoluble 
in  water,  soluble  in  large  excess  of  the  reagent;  the  precipi- 
tate is  accompanied  with  separation  of  free  iodine,  brown,, 
which  is  quickly  soluble  in  small  excess  of  the  reagent  as  a 
colored  solution.  But  on  gradually  adding  auric  chloride  to 
solution  of  potassic  iodide,  so  that  the  latter  is  in  excess  at 
the  point  of  chemical  change,  there  is  first  a  dark-green  solu- 
tion of  potassio-auric  iodide,  KIAuIg;  then  a  dark-green 
precipitate  of  auric  iodide,  very  instable,  decomposed  in  pure 
water,"  forming  the  yellow  aurous  iodide.  (Prescott  and 
Johnson's  Qualitative  Chemical  Analysis,  4th  ed.,  154.) 
Probably  the  organic  matter  present  also  tends  to  the  reduc- 
tion and  precipitation  of  the  gold.  The  physician  should  be 
notified  of  the  change  which  takes  place.  Only  a  very  small 
amount  of  menthol  is  dissolved. 

102. 

The  usual  maximum  dose  of  the  fluid  extract  of  digitalis 
is  two  minims,  some  authorities  giving  it  as  high  as  three. 


192  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

In  this  prescription  it  is  about  three  and  a  half  minims. 
Taking  into  consideration  the  frequency  of  the  dose  and  that 
digitalis  is  cumulative,  the  pharmacist  should  decline  to  fill  it 
until  he  has  consulted  the  prescriber. 

103. 

No  apparent  change  takes  place  at  first  but  in  less  than 
four  hours  a  yellow-brown  precipitate  of  metallic  gold  forms. 
The  arsenous  acid  reduces  the  gold  chloride.  It  is  also  easily 
reduced  by  many  other  inorganic  compounds  as  well  as  by 
organic  matter  and  light. 

104. 

Tincture  of  iron  if  not  too  strongly  acid  will  give  a  color 
varying  from  a  blue  to  a  dirty  green  with  morphine.  This 
color  is  destroyed  by  excess  of  acid  or  by  alcohol.  This 
prescription  will  give  a  bluish-green  mixture,  which  will  turn 
to  a  yellowish  orange  in  a  day  or  two.  This  latter  change  is 
probably  due  partly  to  the  slow  formation  of  chlorine  by  the 
action  of  the  hydrochloric  acid  in  the  tincture  on  the  potas- 
sium chlorate.  Chlorine  turns  a  morphine  solution  orange 
color.  There  is  not  enough  water  to  dissolve  all  of  the 
chlorate. 

105. 

This  gave  a  clear  solution  at  first  but  needle-shaped  crys- 
tals began  to  form  within  a  half  hour  and  by  the  end  of  an 
hour  there  was  quite  a  heavy  precipitate.  By  the  next  morn- 
ing there  was  so  much  precipitate  that  an  even  dose  could  not 
be  poured  out.  Using  elixir  instead  of  water  does  not  entirely 
prevent  precipitation  and  a  larger  percentage  of  alcohol  is 
necessary. 

106. 

If  the  sulphate  of  iron  is  strictly  ferrous,  no  liberation  of 
iodine  takes  place  when  a  solution  of  potassium  iodide  is 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  193 

added  to  it,  but  most  of  it  contains  some  ferric  salt  which 
liberates  iodine.  If  the  morphine  is  now  added  it  will  be 
precipitated  by  the  iodine.  The  solution  of  ferrous  sulphate 
gradually  deposits  a  precipitate  of  subsulphate  of  iron.  Or 
if  the  solution  of  ferrous  sulphate  and  the  morphine  are  mixed 
before  adding  the  potassium  iodide  no  free  iodine  is  formed, 
the  morphine  seeming  to  reduce  the  ferric  sulphate  to  ferrous. 

107. 

In  massing  these  two  chemicals  together  reaction  takes 
piace.  with  the  liberation  of  carbon  dioxide,  which  causes  the 
mass  to  swell  to  several  times  its  original  size.  This  reaction 
.goes  on  slowly,  requiring  several  hours  for  completion,  and 
the  mass  should  not  be  made  into  pills  until  the  reaction  has 
l^een  completed.  Had  the  prescriber  directed  the  subcarbon- 
ate  of  bismuth  instead  of  the  subnitrate  he  would  have 
avoided  this  difficulty  and  gotten  the  same  physiological 
effects. 

108. 

If  the  ingredients  are  powdered  separately  and  are  per- 
fectly dry  when  mixed  no  chemical  reaction  takes  place.  The 
powder  will  keep  for  months  if  protected  from  moisture.  On 
the  addition  of  water  the  powder  at  once  becomes  dark  gray 
in  color.  The  darkening  is  due  to  the  formation  of  metallic 
mercury;  at  the  same  time  some  mercuric  salt  is  formed, 
which  with  the  excess  of  potassium  bromide  forms  a  com- 
pound soluble  in  water.  This  is  a  dangerous  prescription  and 
should  not  be  dispensed  unless  the  dose  is  reduced.  If  the 
reaction  takes  place  according  to  the  equation  given  below, 
each  powder  will  contain  about  three  tenths  of  a  grain  of 
mercuric  salt. 

Hg^Cl^  +  2KBr  =  Hg  +  HgBr^  +  2KCI. 

109. 

Upon  bringing  together  solutions  of  lead  acetate  and  zinc 
sulphate,  mutual  decomposition  takes  place  and  lead  sulphate 


194  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

is  precipitated.     In  a  prescription  for  injection,  like  this,  it 
is  not  customary  to  filter  out  the  precipitate. 

110. 

This  mixture  gives  a  nearly  black  precipitate  and  a  brown- 
black  liquid.  Several  experiments  were  made  to  determine 
what  agents  caused  the  change.  The  hydrogen  dioxide  gly- 
cerin, and  water  showed  no  change  on  standing  several  days 
but  when  a  mixture  of  these  contained  zinc  sulphate  it  ac- 
quired a  yellow  to  a  yellow-brown  color  and  became  turbid 
after  a  day  or  two.  A  mixture  of  carbolic  acid,  hydrogen 
dioxide,  and  water  showed  no  change  after  standing  several 
days,  but  as  soon  as  zinc  sulphate  was  added  a  play  of  colors 
was  noticed.  There  was  first  a  green,  then  green-black, 
brown-black,  red-brown,  red-brown  with  a  tinge  of  purple, 
finally  brown-black,  all  within  a  space  of  a  few  minutes.  In 
less  than  a  half  hour  a  precipitate  had  formed  which  increased 
on  standing.  On  adding  a  solution  of  zinc  sulphate  to  hydro- 
gen dioxide  water  an  effervescence  took  place  and  gas  was 
formed  slowly  for  several  hours;  a  light  precipitate  settled. 
Hydrogen  dioxide  is  said  to  oxidize  carbolic  acid  to  pyro- 
catechin  and  hydroquinone  and  to  oxidize  glycerin  to  gly- 
ceric, oxalic,  and  tartaric  acids.  Just  what  part  the  zinc  sul- 
phate played  in  this  prescription  was  not  determined.  It  per- 
haps acted  only  as  a  carrier  or  perhaps  as  a  decomposer  of 
the  hydrogen  dioxide. 

111. 

This  mixture  is  permanent  in  a  dry  atmosphere,  but  in  a 
damp  one  it  absorbs  moisture.  Either  in  the  presence  of 
absorbed  moisture  or  when  taken  into  the  stomach  several 
reactions  are  liable  to  take  place.  Lead  sulphate  would  be 
formed  from  the  lead  subacetate  and  morphine  sulphate. 
The  sodium  bicarbonate  would  react  with  each  of  the  other 
three  ingredients,  forming  with  bismuth  subnitrate,  bismuth 
subcarbonate  and  carbon  dioxide;   with  lead  subacetate.  lead 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


195 


carbonate;  with  morphine  sulphate,  the  free  alkaloid.  Lead 
subacetate  would  also  combine  with  the  morphine  to  make  a 
compound  insoluble  in  water.  These  incompatibilities  do 
not  make  a  dangerous  mixture,  and  there  is  no  reason  for 
declining  to  fill  it. 

112. 

Triturating  the  iodol  with  the  mercuric  oxide  caused  an 
explosion,  which  might  have  been  avoided  by  mixing  the 
ingredients  separately  with  portions  of  petrolatum  and  then 
mixing  these. 

113. 

A  mixture  of  these  ingredients  sometimes  becomes  soft 
and  sticky  in  a  short  time  and  again  it  may  remain  in  a  powder 
for  days.  The  condition  of  the  atmosphere  seems  to  cause  the 
variation.  "  The  reaction  between  sodium  salicylate  and 
antipyrin,  thought  to  be  due  to  chemical  change,  is  simply 
due  to  deliquescence."  (Nat.  Dispensatory,  5th  ed.,  227.) 
This  explanation  is  hardly  satisfactory,  since  either  cliemical 
alone  is  not  hygroscopic.  By  putting  these  ingredients  into 
capsules  separately  without  previous  mixing  they  in  time 
become  soft  and  liquid,  but  not  before  the  prescription  would 
ordinarily  be  used.  The  capsules  might  be  dispensed  in  a 
bottle. 

114. 

This  was  filled  by  dissolving  the  sodium  bicarbonate, 
borax,  salicylic  and  benzoic  acids  in  water.  The  thymol  and 
menthol  were  rubbed  together  until  a  liquid  resulted;  then 
the  eucalyptol,  the  glycerin,  and  the  oil  of  wintergreen  were 
added.  To  this  was  added  the  first  solution  and  an  efiferves- 
cence  ensued.  After  allowing  the  mixture  to  stand  an  oily 
liquid  separated,  rising  to  the  top.  The  effervescence  is  due 
to   a   reaction    between    the    bicarbonate   and    the    salicylic. 


196  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

benzoic,  and  boric  acids,  the  latter  acid  being  formed  by  the 
action  of  glycerin  on  borax.  (See  No,  141.)  Eucalyptol 
makes  a  clear  mixture  with  glycerin,  but  is  separated  on  the 
addition  of  water.  The  oily  liquid  formed  by  the  menthol 
and  thymol  does  not  make  a  clear  solution  with  glycerin,  nor 
does  the  oil  of  wintergreen;  and  whatever  of  these  may  have 
been  dissolved  by  the  glycerin  is  thrown  out  of  solution  by 
the  water.    A  ''  Shake  "  label  is  necessary. 

115. 

The  quinine  sulphate  was  dissolved  in  a  part  of  the  water 
with  the  aid  of  the  acid.  The  potassium  iodide  was  dissolved 
in  the  balance  of  the  water  and  added  to  the  quinine  solution. 
Iodine  is  gradually  formed  by  the  acid  acting  on  the  iodide, 
and  this  combines  with  the  quinine,  forming  a  dark-brown 
precipitate. 

116. 

Basham's  mixture  contains  acetic  acid  and  an  acetate. 
The  quinine  salt  dissolves  in  this,  but  within  a  few  minutes 
it  is  thrown  down  as  a  bulky  crystalline  quinine  acetate. 
The  mixture  is  so  thick  that  it  would  be  difficult  to  pour  out 
an  even  dose. 

117. 

Borax  is  alkaline  in  reaction  and  precipitates  the  hydras- 
tine  as  the  free  alkaloid,  and  also  precipitates  the  alkaloids 
from  the  tincture  of  opium.  The  boric  acid  is  not  sufficient 
to  neutralize  the  alkalinity  of  the  borax.  As  the  preparation 
is  to  be  dropped  into  the  eye.  it  should  be  filtered,  and  in  so 
doing  nearly  all  of  the  hydrastine  is  removed.  The  physician's 
attention  should  be  called  to  this,  and  he  be  advised  to  in- 
crease the  amount  of  acid  or  decrease  the  borax  or.  what  is 
better,  leave  out  the  latter.  Boric  acid  does  not  give  a  pre- 
cipitate with  a  solution  of  hydrastine  sulphate. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  igj 

118. 

When  these  ingredients  were  mixed  a  clear  solution 
resulted,  which  was  of  a  light-yellow  color  at  first,  but 
within  five  minutes  became  green.  On  allowing  this  to  stand 
no  change  in  color  took  place  until  the  third  or  fourth  day, 
when  it  acquired  a  greenish-brown  color,  and  by  the  sixth  day 
it  had  lost  all  green  and  was  of  a  brownish-red  color;  further 
standing  changed  it  to  a  deep  red. 

It  has  been  proved  that  ethyl  nitrite  or  amyl  nitrite  or 
any  substance  containing  nitrous  acid  forms  with  antipyrin 
the  green  isonitroso-antipyrin,  which  crystallizes  out  of  con- 
centrated solutions.  At  one  time  it  was  thought  that  this 
green  compound  was  poisonous,  but  it  is  not  now  generally 
considered  so.     [See  Antipyrinum,  No.  17.] 

119. 

The  quinine  sulphate  was  dissolved  in  part  of  the  water 
with  the  aid  of  the  acid.  When  the  solution  of  potassium 
iodide  in  the  balance  of  the  water  was  added  to  the  quinine 
solution  a  prcipitation  occurred.  This  granular  precipitate, 
which  falls  quickly,  is  potassium  bitartrate,  formed  by  the 
reaction  between  the  potassium  iodide  and  the  tartaric  acid. 
That  it  is  not  the  quinine  that  is  precipitated  can  be  proved 
by  substituting  sodium  iodide  for  potassium  iodide,  when  no 
precipitation  takes  place.  In  concentrated  solutions  potas- 
sium iodide  precipitates  quinine.  Hydriodic  acid,  formed  by 
the  action  of  tartaric  acid  on  potassium  iodide,  is  easily 
decomposed  by  the  air,  liberating  iodine  which  precipitates 
the  quinine.  When  this  mixture  is  allowed  to  stand  for  two 
or  three  weeks  without  being  disturbed  two  layers  in  the  pre- 
cipitate are  noticed,  the  bottom  one  is  white  and  is  the  potas- 
sium bitartrate,  while  the  upper  one  is  red-brown  and  is  the 
iodine  compound  of  quinine.  The  directions  are:  Mix. 
Label:   Let  a  teaspoonful  be  taken  two  or  three  times  a  day. 


198  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

120. 

When  the  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  is  added  to  the  resorcin 
dissolved  in  the  water  and  glycerin  a  dark-red  solution  is 
formed.  This  is  perhaps  due  to  the  formation  of  dinitroso- 
resorcin  (or  possibly  mononitroso-resorcin),  which  crystallizes 
in  yellowish  plates.    Ammonia  turns  this  solution  a  deep  blue. 

121. 

When  first  mixed  the  solution  is  clear  and  colorless,  but 
changes  in  a  day  or  two  to  a  blue.  This  on  standing  for  two 
or  three  weeks  becomes  dark  purple  or  violet-blue. 

122. 

These  ingredients  make  a  clear  dark-red  solution,  which 
changes  to  a  red-straw  color  within  five  minutes.  The  red 
color  is  due  largely  to  the  tincture  of  iodine.  Iodine  with 
ammonia  in  excess  forms  chiefly  ammonium  iodide  with  a 
little  ammonium  iodate,  so  that  in  this  prescription,  so  far  as 
physiological  effect  is  concerned,  it  would  be  about  as  well  to 
use  some  ammonium  iodide  instead  of  tincture  of  iodine.  At 
the  end  of  twenty-four  hours  the  mixture  was  strong-ly  alka- 
line and  still  slightly  colored. 

In  a  mixture  of  ammonia  and  iodine  there  is  some  danger 
of  the  violently  explosive  iodide  of  nitrogen  being  formed, 
more  especially  where  the  iodine  is  in  excess.  This  iodide  of 
nitrogen  is  insoluble  and  is  slowly  precipitated  as  a  dark- 
brown  solid. 

123. 

This  prescription  makes  at  first  a  clear  solution,  which 
gives  a  precipitate  on  standing  for  a  few  hours.  If  the  tinc- 
ture of  iron  is  not  strongly  acid  the  precipitate  is  yellowish 
brown.  The  precipitate  was  filtered  out  and  washed  with 
water  until  the  washings  no  longer  gave  a  test  for  iron.   It  was 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  199 

then  dissolved  iti  dilute  sulphuric  acid;  the  solution  was  not 
fluorescent  nor  bitter;  on  adding  ammonia  water  it  gave  a 
heavy  red-brown  precipitate  of  ferric  hydrate.  From  this  it 
was  supposed  that  the  original  precipitate  was  a  basic  salt  of 
iron  which  had  been  thrown  out  of  solution  by  the  quinine 
taking  some  of  the  hydrochloric  acid  from  the  tincture  to 
form  a  more  soluble  quinine  salt. 

If,  however,  some  hydrochloric  acid  is  added  to  the  tinc- 
ture before  adding  the  alkaloidal  salts  the  solution  remains 
clear  for  some  time,  but  finally  deposits  prismatic  crystals. 
These  crystals  dissolve  readily  on  addition  of  water,  and  are 
probably  a  quinine  salt  separated  out  from  a  supersaturated 
solution.  The  pharmacist  in  dispensing  the  prescription 
should  see  that  the  tincture  is  quite  strongly  acid.  The 
physician  should  also  give  his  consent  to  allow  the  solution 
to  be  diluted  with  water  with  an  increase  in  the  dose. 

124. 

This  solution  is  bluish  red  in  color.  No  chemical  reac- 
tion occurs  except  that  the  salicylic  acid  occurring  as  methyl 
salicylate  in  the  oil  of  wintergreen  combines  with  the  iron  to 
form  a  salicylate  of  iron,  which  gives  the  increase  of  color. 
By  adding  the  water  gradually  to  the  iron  a  play  of  colors  is 
noticed:  first  yellow,  then  red,  dark  red,  and  finally  violet-red. 

125. 

Salol  and  thymol  triturated  together  make  a  liquid.  When 
the  other  ingredients  are  added  the  mass  is  still  much  too  soft 
to  be  made  into  pills.  If  a  sufficient  amount  of  liquorice  root 
is  added  to  make  the  mass  of  the  required  consistency  the 
pills  are  too  large  to  be  taken  easily.  If  the  soap  and  extract 
of  liquorice  are  omitted  and  in  their  place  one  dram  of 
magnesia  and  one  dram  of  kaolin  are  used  a  fair  mass  is  made. 
Even  then  the  pills  are  large  and  it  is  better  to  make  twice 
the  number  of  pills  and  double  the  dose. 


200  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

126. 

The  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  acts  on  the  morphine,  giving^ 
a  yellow  color  which  becomes  more  of  a  brown  on  standing. 
Nitrous  acid  converts  morphine  into  nitroso-morphine. 
pseudo-morphine,  and  another  base  (M.  &  M.,  iii.  436).  The 
directions  are:  Mix.  Label:  Take  a  teaspoonful  as  often  as 
is  required. 

127. 

Several  reactions  may  occur  when  the  first  two  ingredi- 
ents are  mixed,  depending  upon  the  proportions.  A  mer- 
curic oxychloride  is  formed  by  the  carbonate  of  potassium 
in  the  Fowler's  solution.  Under  certain  circumstances 
mercuric  arsenite  is  formed  and  is  dissolved  in  a  solution  of 
potassium  arsenite.  In  the  presence  of  an  alkali,  arsenites 
reduce  mercuric  compounds  to  mercurous  compounds  and 
then  to  metallic  mercury,  and  the  arsenites  are  oxidized  to 
arsenates.  In  this  prescription  a  pinkish-white  precipitate  is 
first  formed,  consisting  of  calomel  and  the  coloring  matter 
of  Fowler's  solution.  On  further  standing  it  turns  dark,  due 
to  the  reduction  to  metallic  mercury.  Fowler's  solution 
added  to  the  quinine  sulphate  liberates  the  free  alkaloid.  If 
the  prescriber  had  directed  the  solution  of  arsenous  acid 
instead  of  potassium  arsenite  there  would  have  been  no  re- 
duction and  but  little  precipitation. 

128. 

The  ammonia  water  combines  with  the  acid  in  the  tinc- 
ture of  iron,  forming  ammonium  chloride  and  ferric  hydrate. 
The  precipitation  of  the  ferric  hydrate  may  be  prevented  by 
mixing  the  glycerin  with  the  tincture  before  adding  the  am- 
monia. If  the  ammonia  is  added  to  the  tincture  and  then  the 
glycerin  the  precipitated  ferric  hydrate  dissolves  but  slowly  in 
the  glycerin.  Glycerin,  as  well  as  sugar,  acacia,  honey,  and 
some  other  organic  substances,  prevents  or  hinders  the  pre- 
cipitation of  many  of  the  metals  by  alkali  hydrates. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  20T 

129. 

Ferric  salts  gelatinize  mucilage  of  acacia,  and  if  the  solu- 
tion of  dialyzed  iron  is  added  directly  to  the  mucilage  a  solid 
mass  results,  which  dissolves  slowly  in  the  syrup.  By  diluting 
the  solution  of  iron  with  the  syrup,  and  then  adding  this 
slowly  to  the  mucilage  with  constant  stirring,  a  thick  homo- 
geneous liquid  may  be  obtained.  [See  Acacia,  Nos.  h 
and  3.] 

130. 

"  According  to  M.  Mialhe,  calomel  is  partly  converted 
into  corrosive  sublimate  and  metallic  mercury  by  ammoniuiTi 
chloride  and  by  sodium  and  potassium  chlorides,  even  at  the 
temperature  of  the  body."  (U.  S.  Dispensatory,  17th  ed., 
695.)  This  is  not  now  generally  considered  a  dangerous, 
prescription.  [See  Hydrargyri  Chloridum  Mite,  No.  7.] 
The  directions  are:  Mix  and  divide  into  20  equal  parts. 
Label:  Take  one  two  or  three  times  a  day. 

131. 

Spirit  of  nitrous  ether  with  acetanilid  gives  a  yellow  solu- 
tion, becoming  red  on  standing  for  some  time.  The  color 
occurs  more  quickly  with  an  acid  spirit  than  with  a  neutral 
one,  and  the  presence  of  a  little  sodium  bicarbonate  prevents, 
it  for  several  weeks.    Probably  diazo-compounds  are  formed. 

132. 

Amyl  nitrite  and  potassium  iodide  in  the  presence  of  an 
acid  give  free  iodine,  nitric  oxide,  and  amyl  alcohol.  The 
prescription  should  not  be  dispensed  as  written.  As  from  the 
directions — "  Let  it  be  dispensed  quickly  " — it  seems  to  be 
an  urgent  case,  and  in  all  probability  the  efifect  of  the  amyl 
nitrite  is  what  is  wanted,  the  potassium  iodide  should  be 
omitted.  At  the  very  first  opportunity  the  physician  should 
be  informed  of  the  omission. 


202  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

133. 

The  first  three  ingredients  were  mixed  and  the  Epsom 
salt  dissolved  in  the  water  and  the  two  solutions  mixed.  A 
turbidity  occurred  at  once,  due  to  the  precipitation  of  ex- 
tractive matter  from  the  alcoholic  liquids  by  the  water. 
Within  a  few  hours  the  magnesium  sulphate  had  crystallized 
out  so  that  its  bulk  was  nearly  one  half  of  that  of  the  mixture. 
Magnesium  sulphate,  being  insoluble  in  alcohol,  is  thrown 
out  of  its  aqueous  solution  by  the  alcohol  of  the  fluid  extracts 
■and  the  tincture.  This  cannot  be  prevented  except  by 
diminishing  the  magnesium  sulphate  or  increasing  the  pro- 
portion of  water.  If  the  mixture  is  made  up  to  one  pint  with 
water  the  magnesium  salt  is  not  thrown  out  of  solution. 

134. 

Iodine  is  soluble  in  lo  parts  of  alcohol  and  6o  parts 
of  glycerin;  nearly  insoluble  in  water.  The  first  two  in- 
gredients mix,  making  a  clear  solution,  but  water  precipitates 
the  iodine  unless  an  old  tincture  of  iodine  which  contains 
some  hydriodic  acid  is  used.  By  adding  three  or  four  grains 
of  potassium  iodide  to  the  water  the  iodine  remains  in  solu- 
tion.   Such  an  addition  is  admissible  and  should  be  made. 

135. 

The  solution  of  bismuth  (National  Formulary)  contains 
bismuth  and  ammonium  citrate  dissolved  in  water  and  am- 
monia water.  Wine  of  pepsin  (N.  F.)  contains  hydrochloric 
acid.  If  the  acid  in  the  wine  is  in  excess  of  the  ammonia 
bismuth  citrate  will  be  precipitated.  If  the  ammonia  is  in 
excess  of  the  acid  the  pepsin  is  rendered  inert.  Some  ex- 
tractive matter  in  the  tincture  will  be  precipitated  by  the 
water.  In  filling  this  prescription  the  ingredients  should  be 
made  as  nearly  neutral  to  litmus  paper  as  possible  before 
mixing. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  203 

136. 

When  calomel  and  cocaine  hydrochloride  are  triturated 
together  a  gray  mixture  results.  Probably  a  part  of  the 
calomel  is  reduced  to  metallic  mercury,  which  gives  the  gray 
color,  and  another  part  is  oxidized  to  mercuric  chloride.  As 
the  amount  in  each  pill  of  the  mercuric  chloride  formed  is 
within  the  limits  of  the  dose  of  that  substance,  the  pills  may 
be  dispensed.  It  would  be  well,  however,  to  inquire  the  age 
of  the  patient  and  the  frequency  of  the  dose.  By  the  addi- 
tion of  about  five  grains  of  starch  or  liquorice  root  and  a  little 
water  a  suitable  pill-mass  can  be  made,  the  pepsin  giving 
.sufficient  adhesive  qualities. 

137. 

This  is  a  very  common  combination.  Lead  subacetate 
forms  compounds  with  nearly  all  alkaloids,  and  these  are  in- 
soluble in  water.  The  opium  alkaloids  are  no  exceptions. 
The  alcohol  undoubtedly  tends  to  prevent  the  precipitation 
to  some  extent,  though  there  is  still  quite  a  heavy  one.  The 
lead  is  also  precipitated  by  the  meconic  and  sulphuric  acids 
in  the  opium.  The  precipitate  should  not  be  filtered  out  but 
the  mixture  should  be  dispensed  with  a  "  Shake  well  "  label. 

138. 

The  usual  dose  of  the  fluid  extract  of  digitalis  is  o.oi  to 
0.12  Cc.  In  this  prescription  it  is  about  0.24  Cc,  which  is 
so  largely  in  excess  of  the  usual  dose  that  the  pharmacist 
should  satisfy  himself  that  the  physician  has  made  no  mis- 
take. The  water  gives  a  precipitate  with  the  fluid  extracts. 
If  the  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  is  mixed  directly  with  the  fluid 
extracts  it  reacts  with  the  tannin,  giving  off  fumes  of  nitric 
oxide. 

139. 

When  silver  oxide  and  creosote  are  triturated  together 
there  is  great  danger  of  an  explosion.     It  has  been  proposed 


204  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

to  mix  the  creosote  with  powdered  soap  and  then  with  the 
oxide,  which  has  been  previously  mixed  with  Hquorice  root. 
The  mass  should  not  be  rubbed  hard  and  should  be  kept  cool. 

140. 

The  tannic  acid  in  the  tincture  combines  with  the  quinine 
to  make  the  insoluble  nearly  tasteless  quinine  tannate.  The 
water  precipitates  the  resinous  matter  from  the  tincture.  A 
"  Shake  well  "  label  should  be  put  on  the  bottle, 

141. 

In  filling  this  prescription  there  will  be  an  effervescence, 
due  to  the  generation  of  carbon  dioxide.  It  is  not  caused  by 
the  carbolic  acid  and  sodium  bicarbonate,  as  might  be  sup- 
posed. Glycerin  in  the  presence  of  water  decomposes  borax, 
forming  sodium  metaborate  and  boroglycerol.  Water  reacts 
with  the  boroglycerol  to  give  glycerin  and  boric  acid.  The 
boric  acid  with  sodium  bicarbonate  gives  sodium  borate  and 
carbon  dioxide.  Other  polyhydric  alcohols,  such  as  manni- 
tol,  dextrose,  levulose,  and  glucose,  act  like  glycerin  in  de- 
composing borax.  The  chemical  reactions  which  take  place 
may  be  represented  by  the  following  equations: 

Na2B,07-f2C3H5(OH)3  =  2C3H5B03-f-2NaB02  +  3H20; 

C3H5BO3  +  3H2O  =  C3H,(OH)3  +  H3BO3; 

H3BO3  +  sNaHCOg  =  Na3B03  +  3CO0  +  3H2O. 

142. 

Carbon  dioxide  will  be  generated  by  the  sulphuric  acid 
and  the  potassium  bicarbonate.  There  is  a  sufficient  amount 
of  the  bicarbonate  to  neutralize  all  of  the  acid  and  also  ta 
liberate  quinine  as  free  alkaloid,  which  is  nearly  insoluble. 
It  will  also  liberate  ammonia  from  the  ammonium  carbonate 
in  the  aromatic  spirit  of  ammonia  used  as  the  menstruum  in 
making  the  tincture.     Resinous  matter  and  the  oils  in  the 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  205 

tincture  are  thrown  out  of  solution  by  the  water.     Tincture 
of  guaiac  if  freshly  prepared  colors  acacia  blue. 

143. 

Spirit  of  turpentine  is  another  name  for  oil  of  turpentine. 
Oil  of  turpentine  is  easily  oxidized  and  nitrohydrochloric  acid 
is  a  strong  oxidizing  agent,  so  that  there  is  cjuite  a  violent 
reaction  when  the  two  are  brought  together.  Even  though 
the  oil  is  emulsified  first,  chemical  change  cannot  be  avoided. 
Supposing  that  the  prescriber  wanted  a  four-ounce  mixture,, 
the  dose  of  the  acid  would  be  about  thirteen  minims.  The 
maximum  dose,  as  given  in  the  U.  S.  Dispensatory,  is  six 
drops.  The  excessive  dose  would  be  sufficient  to  prohibit 
the  filling  of  this  prescription.  In  such  a  case  where  the  pre- 
scriber could  not  be  notified  many  pharmacists  would  use  the 
dilute  nitrohydrochloric  acid  instead  of  the  concentrated. 

144. 

The  potassium  permanganate  was  dissolved  in  part  of  the 
water  and  the  glycerin  was  diluted  with  the  balance  of  the 
water;  the  two  solutions  were  then  mixed.  Within  two 
minutes  the  mixture  was  of  a  brownish-black  color  and  al- 
most solidified  by  the  manganese  dioxide  that  was  formed. 
After  standing  the  precipitated  manganese  dioxide  settled, 
leaving  a  clear  colorless  solution,  showing  that  the  perman- 
ganate was  all  reduced.  When  potassium  permanganate  and 
concentrated  glycerin  are  brought  together  there  is  some 
liability  of  the  mixture  exploding  or  inflaming.  The  oxida- 
tion products  of  the  glycerin  are  probably  formic,  propionic,, 
and  tartronic  acids;  in  an  alkaHne  mixture  oxalic  and  car- 
bonic acids  are  formed. 

145. 

The  potassium  citrate  was  dissolved  in  the  syrup  and  the 
spirit  was  then  added.    The  two  liquids  were  mixed,  produc- 


2o6  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

ing  a  turbidity,  and  on  standing  separated  into  two  distinct 
layers.  Potassium  citrate  is  hygroscopic,  but  nearly  insolu- 
ble in  alcohol.  The  alcohol  of  the  spirit  has  a  tendency  to 
throw  the  citrate  out  of  solution,  but  the  salt  has  such  an 
affinity  for  water  that  it  carries  some  water  with  it,  forming  a 
solution  not  miscible  with  alcohol. 

146. 

The  aromatic  spirit  of  ammonia  contains  ammonium 
hydrate  and  ammonium  carbonate,  and  these  act  similarly  in 
precipitating  the  corrosive  sublimate  as  ammoniated  mercury 
(NHoHgCl).  Ammoniated  mercury  is  soluble  in  solutions  of 
ammonium  salts  and  somewhat  soluble  in  acids,  so  that  the 
sulphuric  acid  in  the  infusion  will  redissolve  it,  though  not 
very  readily.  The  precipitation  may  be  prevented  by  mixing 
the  infusion  and  spirit  together  first.  Mercuric  chloride  pre- 
cipitates the  cinchona  alkaloids  from  their  aqueous  solutions 
when  not  too  dilute.  The  oils  in  the  spirit  are  thrown  out 
of  solution  by  the  water  of  the  infusion.  The  directions  are: 
Mix.    Label:  Teaspoonful  twice  a  day. 

147. 

Triturating  the  alum  with  the  lead  acetate  produces  a 
moist  sticky  mass.  This  is  due  to  the  chemical  reaction 
which  takes  place,  forming  lead  sulphate,  aluminum  sulphate, 
potassium  acetate,  and  liberating  the  water  of  crystallization 
which  makes  the  mixture  sticky.  A  mass  is  obtained  when 
zinc  sulphate  and  lead  acetate  are  rubbed  together.  In  either 
case  the  odor  of  acetic  acid  is  noticeable.  When  the  mixture 
is  put  into  water  the  tannic  acid  will  precipitate  the  lead,  if 
any  remains  not  combined  with  sulphuric  acid,  as  lead  tan- 
nate.  The  other  two  salts  are  not  so  readily  precipitated  as 
tannates.  In  filling  this  prescription  the  water  of  crystalliza- 
tion may  be  removed  by  heating,  or  the  ingredients  may  be 
powdered  separately  and  then  mixed  lightly,  and  no  difficulty 
will  ensue. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  207 

148. 

The  difficulty  with  this  prescription  is  that  triturating  the 
salicyHc  acid  with  the  exalgin  produces  a  soft  sticky  mass 
which  is  unfit  for  dispensing  in  powders.  Even  by  mixing  all 
of  the  other  ingredients  except  the  acid  and  adding  it  last 
and  then  mixing  lightly  on  paper  the  mixture  becomes 
sticky.  By  diluting  the  acid  with  twice  its  weight  of  pow- 
dered althea  and  then  with  the  other  ingredients  a  fair  powder 
can  be  obtained.  Probably  the  best  way  would  be  to  put 
the  ingredients  into  capsules,  separating  the  acid  from  the 
exalgin  by  the  phenacetin  and  cocaine,  if  the  mixture  is  to 
be  used  internally. 

149. 

This  makes  a  mixture  which  is  very  thick  at  first,  but  yet 
can  be  poured.  Allow  it  to  stand  for  half  an  hour  and  it 
solidifies;  by  the  end  of  twelve  hours  it  is  so  firm  that  it  can- 
not be  shaken  in  the  bottle.  Even  if  only  one  half  of  the 
amount  of  magnesia  is  used  the  mixture  will  solidify  so  that 
it  cannot  be  shaken  up  if  allowed  to  stand  undisturbed  for  a 
day  or  two.  By  vigorous  shaking  several  times  the  mass  can 
be  broken  up  so  that  it  can  be  poured.  Magnesium  oxide 
takes  up  water  to  form  the  gelatinous  magnesium  hydrate. 
The  alkalies  all  tend  to  prevent  the  precipitation  of  the  resin- 
ous matter  in  the  tincture  by  the  water. 

150. 

Several  chemical  reactions  will  take  place,  depending 
upon  the  order  of  mixing.  The  possible  reactions  are  as  fol- 
lows: I.  Ferric  iron  is  reduced  to  ferrous  iron,  giving  at  first 
a  red  solution  of  ferric  sulphite.  2.  The  hydrochloric  acid  of 
the  tincture  reacts  with  the  hyposulphite,  forming  sodium 
chloride,  sulphurous  acid,  and  sulphur.  3.  With  potassium 
chlorate,  the  sulphurous  acid  thus  formed  gives  potassium 
sulphate,  hydrochloric  and  sulphuric  acids.    4.   Hydrochloric 


2o8  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

acid  with  potassium  chlorate  gives  potassium  chloride,  water, 
chlorine,  and  several  oxides  of  chlorine.  5.  The  chlorine  thus 
formed  oxidizes  the  reduced  ferric  salt  back  to  the  ferric  con- 
dition and  oxidizes  the  hyposulphite  to  a  sulphate. 

There  is  not  enough  water  to  dissolve  all  of  the  chlorate, 
and  after  the  reactions  have  taken  place  there  is  not  enough 
acid  to  form  a  normal  ferric  salt  of  all  of  the  iron;  a  part  of 
it  remains  as  an  insoluble  oxychloride. 

151. 

When  phenacetin  and  quinine  sulphate  are  triturated  to- 
■gether  no  change  is  noticed,  but  on  adding  hydrobromic  acid 
the  mixture  acquires  a  yellowish-green  color.  What  reaction 
occurs  has  not  been  determined.  Phenacetin  and  hydro- 
bromic acid  give  a  white  mixture;  quinine  sulphate  and 
hydrobromic  acid  give  only  a  very  slight  greenish  color.  An- 
other incompatibility  is  between  the  hydrobromic  acid  and 
the  calomel;  a  part  of  the  mercurous  chloride  is  reduced  to 
metallic  mercury,  and  a  part  is  oxidized  to  mercuric  chloride, 
which  is  much  more  active  than  calomel.  By  adding  the 
calomel  last  the  reaction  can  be  prevented  to  some  extent, 
but  it  may  even  then  be  considered  as  a  rather  dangerous 
mixture.  The  directions  are:  Mix  and  divide  into  10  equal 
parts  and  put  into  gelatin  capsules.  Label:  One  capsule  to 
be  taken  every  three  hours. 

152. 

Commercial  dilute  hydrocyanic  acid  usually  contains  some 
free  sulphuric  or  hydrochloric  acid,  which  has  been  added  to 
preser\'e  the  hydrocyanic  acid.  If  one  of  these  mineral  acids 
is  present  an  effervescence  will  take  place.  Hydrocyanic 
acid  itself  does  not  decompose  carbonates  (Prescott  and 
Johnson's  Qualitative  Chemical  Analysis,  4th  ed.,  308). 
Hydrocyanic  acid  easily  decomposes  in  water,  but  in  an 
alkaline  solution  its  decomposition  is  much  quicker,  giving 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  209 

a  formate  and  a  dark-colored  precipitate  containing  para- 
cyanogen. 

153. 

Triturating  salol  and  monobromated  camphor  together 
produces  a  Hquid.  But  if  the  acetanihd  and  salol  are 
rubbed  together  first  and  then  the  camphor  added  a  damp 
powder  is  obtained.  If  about  fifteen  grains  of  powdered  soap 
are  then  added  and  a  little  drying  powder  if  necessary,  a  mass 
can  be  made,  the  pills  becoming  hard  in  an  hour  or  two. 

154. 

The  order  of  mixing  these  ingredients  makes  a  difference 
in  the  products  first  formed,  but  after  standing  the  results 
are  probably  similar.  If  the  solution  of  zinc  chloride  and  the 
lime  water  are  mixed  a  white  precipitate  of  zinc  hydrate  is 
formed,  and  there  is  no  change  in  appearance  on  adding  the 
mercuric  chloride  dissolved  in  the  water. 

If,  however,  the  mercuric  chloride  solution  is  added  to 
the  lime  water  the  yellow  oxide  of  mercury  (yellow  wash)  is 
precipitated.  On  adding  the  zinc  chloride  solution  and  al- 
lowing it  to  stand  the  precipitate  is  changed  within  two  hours 
from  a  dense  yellow  to  a  fiocculent  white  precipitate. 

If  the  lime  water  is  added  to  the  solution  of  mercuric 
chloride  a  red-brown  precipitate  of  oxychloride  of  mercury 
is  formed,  and  this  is  replaced  by  a  white  precipitate  when  the 
zinc  chloride  is  added. 

That  the  lime  water  precipitates  nearly  all  of  the  mercuric 
chloride  when  these  two  chemicals  are  brought  together  in 
the  above  proportions  is  evidenced  by  taking  some  of  the 
clear  supernatant  liquid  and  passing  hydrogen  sulphide  gas 
through  it  and  getting  little  or  no  black  precipitate  of  mer- 
curic sulphide.  If  some  of  the  clear  solution  is  taken  after 
the  zinc  chloride  has  been  added  and  the  yellow  precipitate 
turned  white,  and  this  solution  is  treated  with  hydrogen  sul- 
phide, a  heavy  black  precipitate  of  mercuric  sulphide  is  pro- 


2IO  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

duced,  showing  that  the  mercuric  oxide  has  been  dissolved 
and  the  zinc  precipitated.  Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  mer- 
cury is  in  solution,  this  prescription  might  be  considered  dan- 
gerous for  application,  since  if  all  of  the  mercury  is  redissolved 
it  will  be  in  the  proportion  of  about  i  to  500. 

155. 

Piperazin  is  strongly  alkaline  and  when  added  to  an 
aqueous  solution  of  phenocoll  hydrochloride  precipitates  the 
insoluble  base  phenocoll.  Under  certain  circumstances,  as 
when  the  phenocoll  hydrochloride  is  from  fifty  to  one  hun- 
dred per  cent,  in  excess  of  the  piperazin,  a  clear  solution  is 
said  to  be  obtained.  This  prescription  was  filled  by  dissolving 
the  phenocoll  hydrochloride  in  the  elixir,  syrup,  and  pepper- 
mint water,  and  the  piperazin  in  the  water.  The  two  solu- 
tions were  mixed,  making  a  clear  solution,  which  remained 
clear  for  two  days.  It  then  happened  to  be  chilled  at  night 
and  crystallization  took  place,  making  an  almost  solid  mass., 
which  remained  so  even  at  the  ordinary  temperature.  On 
warming  a  solution  resulted,  which  remained  clear  at  the 
ordinary  temperature,  but  again  solidified  on  being  chilled. 

156. 

The  ammoniated  tincture  of  guaiac  if  it  has  not  been  ex- 
posed too  long  to  light  and  air  gives  a  blue  color  with  the 
tincture  of  iron,  but  an  old  tincture  of  guaiac  gives  a  brown- 
black.  The  tincture  of  aloes  gives  a  green-brown  to  a  black- 
brovk'n  with  the  iron.  There  is  not  enough  of  ammonia  in  the 
ammoniated  tincture  of  guaiac  to  form  the  ferric  hydrate  un- 
less the  tincture  of  guaiac  is  freshly  made  with  a  fresh  aro- 
matic spirit  of  ammonia  and  the  tincture  of  iron  is  free  from 
excess  of  acid.  Even  then  the  syrup  will  tend  to  keen  the 
ferric  hydrate  in  solution.  The  syrup  precipitates  the  resin- 
ous matter  from  both  tinctures.  The  resulting  mixture  is. 
nearly  black  and  very  turbid. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  211 

157. 

The  dose  of  the  morphine  sulphate  is  considerably  in 
excess  of  the  amount  usually  given.  The  prescriber  shows 
his  knowledge  and  appreciation  of  this  fact  by  putting  three 
exclamation-points  after  the  ingredient.  The  prescription 
should  be  filled  as  written.  Some  physicians  when  wishing 
to  give  unusual  doses  underscore  the  ingredient  and  the  quan- 
tity. The  latter  is  perhaps  a  better  method,  as  there  is  less 
danger  of  a  mistake.  The  directions  are:  Mix.  Dispense  in 
10  capsules.     Label:   Let  one  be  taken  during  the  night. 

158. 

On  mixing  these  ingredients  a  blue-black  solution  is  ob- 
tained. This  is  due  to  the  presence  of  some  ferric  sulphate. 
Ferrous  sulphate  as  found  in  drug-stores  nearly  always  con- 
tains some  ferric  sulphate.  If  strictly  ferrous  sulphate  is  used 
tannic  acid  gives  no  coloration  with  it. 

This  prescription  was  filled  by  dissolving  the  clear  crystals 
of  ferrous  sulphate  in  water,  adding  four  grains  of  sodium 
thyosulphate  and  two  drops  of  sulphuric  acid,  and  boiling 
until  all  of  the  ferric  iron  was  reduced  to  the  ferrous,  as  shown 
by  adding  a  drop  of  this  solution  to  a  solution  of  potassium 
sulphocyanide  and  getting  no  red  color.  The  tannic  acid 
was  dissolved  in  another  portion  of  water,  the  syrup  added, 
and  this  added  to  the  iron  solution.  A  colorless  liquid  was 
obtained,  astringent  but  not  inky  in  taste.  In  three  days  the 
solution  had  assumed  a  green  color  and  in  ten  days  it  was 
blue-black.  This  change,  caused  by  the  oxidation  of  the  iron 
by  the  air,  would  have  taken  place  sooner  if  the  bottle  had 
been  opened  frequently. 

159. 

This  prescription  can  be  filled  in  one  of  two  ways.  The 
chloral  hydrate  may  be  dissolved  in  the  water,  and  the  cam- 
phor powdered  and  mixed  with  the  syrup  and  then  with  the 


■212 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


solution  of  chloral.  The  camphor  will  rise  to  the  top.  Or 
the  camphor  may  be  triturated  with  the  chloral  hydrate  until 
liquefied,  and  this  shaken  with  the  syrup  and  water.  The 
oily  chloral-camphor  does  not  dissolve  in  the  water,  but 
seems  to  be  decomposed  by  it,  the  chloral  going  into  solu- 
tion and  the  camphor  coming  to  the  top  as  a  soft  white  solid. 
There  seems  to  be  no  difference  in  the  final  result  as  to  which 
method  of  filling  is  used.  In  either  case  the  mixture  is  a 
difficult  one  to  pour  so  as  to  get  an  even  dose  of  the  camphor. 
A  more  elegant  preparation  would  be  made  by  dissolving 
the  camphor  in  a  little  expressed  oil  of  almonds  and  then 
emulsifying  it  with  acacia. 

160. 

On  adding  the  phosphoric  acid  to  a  solution  of  the 
iron  and  quinine  citrate  a  white  precipitate  forms  which 
gives  tests  for  iron  but  not  for  quinine.  It  is  prob- 
ably iron  phosphate  and  is  soluble  in  a  considerable  ex- 
cess of  the  acid.  When  the  dilute  phosphoric  acid  is  further 
diluted  with  water  and  then  added  to  the  iron  salt  dissolved 
in  the  balance  of  the  water  with  the  syrup,  little  or  no  pre- 
cipitation takes  place.  When  the  tincture  is  added  to  this. 
a  turbidity  results  and  the  mixture  becomes  darkened,  due 
to  the  precipitation  of  matter  from  the  tincture  and  the  for- 
mation of  tannate  of  iron. 

161. 

In  lightly  mixing  the  first  two  ingredients  when  powdered 
and  perfectly  dry  no  change  in  color  is  noticed;  triturated 
together  with  considerable  pressure,  the  powder  turns  gray. 
As  soon  as  moisture  comes  in  contact  with  the  mixed  pow- 
ders they  become  dark  gray — the  coloration  is  due  to  the 
formation  of  metallic  mercury — while  at  the  same  time  a  part 
of  the  calomel  is  changed  to  mercuric  chloride  and  mercuric 
cyanide.  The  prescription  should  not  be  dispensed.  (See 
No.  192.)    A  translation  of  the  latter  part  of  the  prescription 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


213 


is:  Tragacanth,  water,  of  each  a  quantity  sufficient  to  make 
a  mass  which  is  to  be  formed  into  30  pihs.  Label:  Take 
two  pills  every  night. 

162. 

Soluble  metallic  salts  frequently  throw  the  volatile  in- 
gredient of  medicated  or  aromatic  'waters  out  of  solution. 
In  this  case  there  will  be  a  separation  of  camphor,  which  will 
rise  and  float  on  top.  The  amount  is  so  small  that  it  may  be 
disregarded  or  filtered  out. 

163. 

The  Rochelle  salt  throws  some  of  the  camphor  out  of 
solution.  Then  on  the  addition  of  the  aromatic  sulphuric 
acid  the  turbidity  is  increased  on  account  of  the  separation 
of  the  oil  of  cinnamon  and  the  resin  of  ginger.  Chemical 
reaction  takes  place  between  the  Rochelle  salt  and  the  sul- 
phuric acid,  the  sodium  sulphate  going  into  solution  and 
potassium  bitartrate  being  precipitated. 

164. 

Fowler's  solution  is  alkaline  in  reaction  and  has  a  ten- 
dency to  precipitate  the  alkaloids  from  the  fluid  extract,  but 
this  is  prevented  by  the  alcohol  in  the  elixir.  The  Fowler's 
solution  contains  some  carbonate  and  bicarbonate  of  potas- 
sium, which  are  said  to  be  incompatible  with  antipyrin.  Am- 
monium iodide  generally  contains  a  little  free  iodine,  and 
iodine  combines  with  antipyrin.  Practically,  however,  this 
prescription  can  be  filled  without  difficulty  or  danger. 

165. 

Strychnine  (free  alkaloid)  is  soluble  in  6700  parts  of  water. 
There  is  enough  of  water  and  alcohol  in  the  elixir  to  prevent 
the  aromatic  spirit  of  ammonia  from  throwing  it  out  of  solu- 
tion.    The  ammonia  will  not  precipitate  the  alkaloids  of  the 


214  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

elixir  of  cinchona.  The  above  mixture  will  not  be  clear,  how- 
ever, because  the  oils  in  the  aromatic  spirit  will  be  separated 
by  the  elixir.  If  the  spirit  of  ammonia  were  used  instead  of 
the  aromatic  spirit  a  clear  dark-red  solution  would  be  ob- 
tained. This  substitution  would  not  be  allowable  without 
the  prescriber's  consent. 

166. 

All  of  the  ingredients  except  the  syrup  can  be  mixed 
without  producing  much  turbidity.  But  on  adding  the 
syrup  to  this  mixture  the  resinous  matter  from  the  fluid 
extract  and  tincture  is  precipitated,  and  the  copaiba,  oil  of 
turpentine,  and  camphor  are  separated.  To  make  a  present- 
able mixture  some  emulsifying  agent  must  be  used. 

167. 

"  On  adding  carbolic  acid  to  albumin  or  to  collodion 
coagulation  takes  place  (difference  from  creosote)."  (U.  S. 
P.,  9.)  This  mixture  makes  a  solid  mass  and  cannot  be 
applied  with  a  brush.  A  gelatinous  mass  which  possibly 
might  be  applied  with  a  brush  is  obtained  when  one  half  of 
the  collodion  is  replaced  by  alcohol. 

168. 

If  the  Fowler's  solution  is  added  to  the  tincture  of  nux 
vomica  the  alkali  in  the  solution  will  liberate  the  free  alkaloid 
strychnine,  but  it  will  be  held  in  solution  by  the  alcohol  until 
the  infusion  is  added.  With  the  addition  of  most  infusions 
the  alkaloids  would  be  precipitated,  but  the  infusion  of  cin- 
chona contains  sulphuric  acid,  which  combines  with  the 
alkaloids,  forming  a  soluble  salt.  The  water  of  the  infusion 
will  precipitate  some  of  the  inert  matter  from  the  tincture. 

169. 

When  solution  of  lead  subacetate  is  added  to  mucilage 
of  acacia  a  solid  gelatinous  mass  is  formed.     In  this  prescrip- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  215 

tion  if  both  are  diluted  with  the  water  and  mixed  with  con- 
stant stirring  the  acacia  is  precipitated  in  small  masses. 
Neutral  lead  acetate  does  not  gelatinize  mucilage  of  acacia. 

170. 

The  silver  nitrate  is  entirely  precipitated  by  the  sodium 
chloride  as  silver  chloride.  It  is  customary  to  filter  eye- 
washes, and  if  this  one  is  filtered  there  will  be  only  a  very 
weak  solution  of  sodium  chloride  and  sodium  nitrate  left. 
There  is  no  admissible  method  by  which  the  precipitation  can 
be  prevented  without  changing  the  prescription. 

171. 

If  concentrated  solutions  of  the  first  two  ingredients  are 
mixed  a  reddish-brown  salicylate  of  iron  is  precipitated. 
The  citric  acid  in  the  syrup  of  lemon  precipitates  salicylic 
acid  from  a  concentrated  solution  of  lithium  salicylate.  By 
dissolving  the  iron  salt  in  a  part  of  the  water  and  adding  the 
syrup,  then  dissolving  the  salicylate  in  the  balance  of  the 
water  and  mixing  the  solutions,  a  clear  deep-red  solution  can 
be  obtained.  The  deep-red  color  is  due  to  the  ferric  salicylate 
formed, 

172. 

The  calcium  hypophosphite  slowly  reduces  the  mercuric 
chloride  to  mercurous  chloride  and  finally  to  metallic  mer- 
cury. This  precipitation  is  not  readily  seen  in  the  syrup  of 
sarsaparilla,  but  if  water  is  used  instead  of  the  syrup  a  tur- 
bidity is  noticed  as  soon  as  solutions  of  the  salts  are  brought 
together.  The  syrup  of  sarsaparilla  also  has  a  tendency  to 
reduce  the  corrosive  sublimate,  but  only  very  slowly. 

173. 

The  maximum  dose  of  santonin,  as  given  by  most  authori- 
ties, is  four  grains,  some  giving  as  high  as  five  grains.     Hav- 


2i6  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

ing  two  maximum  doses  coming  so  close  together  renders 
this  prescription  a  dangerous  one.  Prescriptions  containing 
santonin  should  be  protected  from  the  light,  as  light  causes  a 
change  in  color  from  white  to  yellow,  probably  with  the 
formation  of  new  compounds.  Inquiry  should  be  made  to 
determine  whether  it  is  for  a  child  or  an  adult  and  if  for  the 
former  the  prescription  should  not  be  filled,  as  two  grains  are 
said  to  have  killed  a  child. 

174. 

This  mixture  is  far  from  being  a  solution.  The  benzoin 
and  the  Tolu  are  only  partially  soluble  in  alcohol  and  the 
acacia  is  insoluble.  The  insoluble  matter  quickly  settles  to 
the  bottom  of  the  mixture,  forming  a  layer  nearly  equal  in 
depth  to  that  of  the  supernatant  liquid.  It,  however,  may 
be  readily  dififused  through  the  liquid  by  agitation.  A 
"  Shake  well  "  label  is  necessary, 

175. 

A  clear  solution  is  formed  at  first,  but  in  about  a  half 
hour  needle-shaped  crystals  begin  to  fall.  The  precipitate  in- 
creases for  several  hours  and  contains  strychnine  which  is 
thrown  out  of  solution  with  the  iodide.  Much  commercial 
potassium  iodide  contains  a  carbonate,  but  in  this  case  an 
iodide  free  from  carbonate  was  used.  It  has  been  suggested 
to  use  acacia  to  suspend  the  precipitate,  but  this  is.objection- 
able  because  the  mixture  liberates  iodine  on  standing  a  few 
days  and  iodine  further  precipitates  strychnine.  Mucilage  of 
acacia  is  acid  and  probably  sets  free  some  hydriodic  acid 
which  is  oxidized  by  the  air. 

176. 

Borax  is  alkaline  in  reaction  and  precipitates  nearly  all 
alkaloids  from  solutions  of  their  salts.  It  precipitates  the 
cocaine  in  this  prescription,  but  the  difficulty  can  be  pre- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


217" 


vented  by  the  use  of  a  little  glycerin.  The  glycerin  acts 
chemically  on  the  borax,  breaking  it  up  and  forming  sodium 
metaborate  and  boric  acid.  (See  No.  141.)  If  boric  acid 
were  used  instead  of  borax  no  precipitation  would  occur. 

177. 

Both  the  ammonium  carbonate  and  the  ammonium  hy- 
drate precipitate  the  mercuric  chloride  as  nitrogen  dihydro- 
gen  mercuric  chloride,  known  in  commerce  as  "  ammoniated 
mercury  "  or  "  white  precipitate."  The  precipitate  settles 
quickly,  but  does  not  leave  a  clear  fluid.  The  water  of  the 
mercuric  chloride  solution  throws  the  oils  of  the  aromatic 
spirit  out  of  solution,  making  a  white  milky  mixture. 

178. 

When  the  sodium  salicylate  dissolved  in  a  little  water  is 
added  to  the  quinine  sulphate  dissolved  in  the  balance  of  the 
water  with  the  aid  of  the  hydrobromic  acid,  a  curdy  sticky 
precipitate  is  formed  that  cannot  be  mixed  with  the  liquid. 
Two  chemical  reactions  take  place.  Sodium  salicylate  with 
quinine  sulphate  forms  sodium  sulphate  and  the  nearly  insolu- 
ble quinine  salicylate.  Hydrobromic  acid  with  sodium  salicy- 
ate  forms  sodium  bromide  and  the  nearly  insoluble  salicylic 
acid.  Permission  to  use  alcohol  or  some  other  solvent  should 
be  obtained. 

179. 

On  mixing  solutions  of  the  first  two  ingredients  a  reac- 
tion takes  place,  with  the  formation  of  free  iodine  and  a 
reddish-brown  precipitate.  The  aqueous  solution  of  iron  and 
quinine  citrate  is  acid,  and  ferric  salts  in  acid  solutions  with 
potassium  iodide  are  reduced  to  ferrous  compounds,  iodine 
being  liberated.  Iodine  in  an  aqueous  solution  of  potassium 
iodide  is  a  general  alkaloidal  reagent  and  precipitates  the 


21 8  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

quinine.     Neutralizing  the  solution  will  prevent  liberation  of 
iodine  for  a  time. 

180. 

This  prescription  is  frequently  given  as  an  example  of  the 
incompatibility  of  bromides  with  strychnine  salts.  It  is  said 
that  crystals  of  strychnine  bromide  will  form  after  the  mix- 
ture has  been  standing  for  a  half  hour.  The  writer  failed 
repeatedly  to  get  a  precipitate  even  on  making  the  solution 
twice  as  strong  as  that  called  for  and  also  varying  the  propor- 
tions. The  precipitation  is  partially  explained  by  some 
writers  by  saying  that  the  strychnine  bromide  is  soluble  in 
water,  but  insoluble  in  a  solution  of  potassium  bromide.  In 
many  instances  the  commercial  potassium  bromide  is  alka- 
line, due  to  the  presence  of  a  carbonate  which  has  been  left 
in  to  aid  the  preservation  of  the  bromide.  The  carbonate 
precipitates  the  strychnine  as  the  free  alkaloid. 

181. 

Although  the  Fowler's  solution  is  alkaline,  there  is  enough 
of  acid  in  the  prescription  to  prevent  any  precipitation  by  it. 
The  insoluble  ferric  phosphate  is  thrown  down.  By  using 
the  tincture  of  citro-chloride  of  iron  no  precipitation  results 
at  once  but  does  after  a  day  or  two.  If  it  were  admissible  to 
use  twice  as  much  phosphoric  acid  as  tincture  of  iron  there 
would  be  no  precipitation. 

182. 

The  National  Dispensatory  (5th  ed.,  826)  says  of  calomel: 
"  Boiling  hydrochloric  acid  dissolves  mercuric  chloride  and 
leaves  mercury;  in  the  diluted  state  and  heated  in  contact 
with  air  mercuric  chloride  is  slowly  dissolved  without  separa- 
tion of  mercury."  And  again:  "According  to  Jolly's  ob- 
servations, corrosive  sublimate  is  also  formed  from  calomel 
in  the  presence  of  hydrochloric  acid." 


INCOMPATIBILITIES   IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  219 

It  is  a  somewhat  disputed  question  whether  in  such  a 
prescription  there  would  be  any  mercuric  chloride  formed, 
and  if  so  whether  the  amount  formed  would  be  sufficient  to 
have  any  disagreeable  physiological  effect.  If  the  prescrip- 
tion is  to  be  used  up  in  a  short  time  probably  no  bad  results 
would  follow.    [See  Hydrargyri  Chloridum  Mite,  No.  7.] 

183. 

Terpin  hydrate  dissolves  in  about  250  parts  of  water  and 
iodol  in  about  5000  parts  of  water.  These  should  be  finely 
powdered  before  mixing  with  the  other  ingredients,  and  the 
prescription  dispensed  with  a  "  Shake  well "  label.  The 
glycerin  and  syrup  are  sufficiently  viscid  to  keep  the  insoluble 
substances  in  suspension  for  a  time. 

184. 

Each  ingredient  should  be  powdered  separately  and  then 
mixed  lightly  with  the  other.  If  the  two  are  rubbed  together 
with  some  force  slight  crackling  explosions  take  place.  A 
sharp  blow  would  probably  cause  serious  results.  The  patient 
should  be  cautioned.  With  a  little  care  on  the  part  of  the 
pharmacist  and  patient  no  ill  results  will  follow  from  this 
combination. 

185. 

In  this  mixture  the  menthol  floats  on  top  and  the  boric 
acid  goes  to  the  bottom.  Using  alcohol,  glycerin,  or  a  fixed 
oil  instead  of  water  will  not  make  a  clear  solution.  The  at- 
tention of  the  physician  should  be  called  to  this  prescrip- 
tion. 

186. 

Santonin  is  soluble  in  about  40  parts  of  alcohol,  nearly 
insoluble  in  water,  and  not  readily  soluble  in  turpentine.  The 
amount  prescribed  is  not  all  soluble  in  the  mixture.     The 


220  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

turpentine  does  not  mix,  but  floats  on  top.  Extractive  mat- 
ter from  the  fluid  extracts  is  precipitated.  The  santonin, 
should  be  in  the  form  of  a  fine  powder  and  the  mixture  made. 
into  an  emulsion. 

187. 

The  potassium  carbonate  is  deliquescent.  It  should  be 
powdered  with  some  absorbent  powder,  such  as  althea,  and 
then  the  arsenic,  previously  triturated  v^ith  some  sugar  of 
milk,  added.  Next  add  the  mass  of  iron  and  if  necessary  a 
little  water.  The  pills  should  be  dispensed  in  a  bottle  pro- 
tected from  the  atmosphere;  otherwise  they  will  become  soft, 

188. 

This  solution  has  a  much  larger  proportion  of  active  in- 
gredients than  is  usually  prescribed  in  an  eye-wash.  Probably 
the  prescriber  meant  grains  instead  of  drams.  It  should  not 
be  dispensed  without  consulting  the  physician,  as  it  would 
probably  cause  intense  irritation.  In  case  the  prescriber  can- 
not be  reached  and  it  seems  urgent  that  the  prescription 
should  be  filled  the  quantities  can  be  reduced  to  grains  and 
the  prescriber  notified  at  the  earliest  opportunity. 

189. 

Mixing  a  solution  of  silver  nitrate  with  a  solution  of 
cocaine  hydrochloride  produces  a  white  precipitate  of  silver 
chloride.  If  this  is  filtered  out  about  one  half  of  the  silver  is 
removed.  The  pharmacist  should  use  cocaine  nitrate.  If  he 
does  not  have  it  he  can  make  it  by  dissolving  the  one  grain 
of  cocaine  hydrochloride  in  a  little  water  and  adding  one  half 
a  grain  of  silver  nitrate  in  a  little  water.  This  makes  cocaine 
nitrate  and  silver  chloride.  The  precipitate  can  then  be  fil- 
tered out  and  the  requisite  amount  of  silver  nitrate  added. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  221 

190. 

Borax  is  soluble  in  16  parts  of  water,  and  in  this  case 
there  is  not  enough  to  dissolve  it.  Boric  acid  requires  25.6 
parts  of  water  to  dissolve  it,  but  it  is  much  more  soluble  in  a 
solution  of  borax.  The  principal  difificulty  with  this  prescrip- 
tion is  that  the  mucilage  of  acacia  is  gelatinized  by  the  borax, 
making  a  stiff  mass.  Boric  acid  has  not  the  efifect  of  gelati- 
nizing acacia,  and  borax  is  prevented  from  doing  so  by  the 
presence  of  sugar.  Glycerin  also  prevents  this  action  by  de- 
composing the  borax. 

191. 

The  first  two  ingredients  are  both  disinfectants  and  oxi- 
dizing agents,  yet  they  react  on  each  other,  with  the  reduciion 
of  both.  The  chemical  reaction  is  represented  by  the  follow- 
ing equation: 

2KMn04  +  5H2O2  +  3H2SO4 

=  5O2  +  8H2O  +  K2SO4  +  2MnSO,- 

The  sulphuric  acid  necessary  for  the  reaction  is  present  in 
the  hydrogen  dioxide  water,  as  a  small  amount  is  allowed  to 
remain  for  preservation  of  the  dioxide.  The  amount  of  hy- 
drogen dioxide  which  20  grains  of  potassium  permanganate 
would  act  upon  is  10.7  grains.  If  the  dioxide  water  is  offi- 
cial I  fluid  ounce  contains  about  13.7  grains  of  hydrogen  di- 
oxide, which  would  be  sufficient  to  reduce  all  of  the  perman- 
ganate and  decolorize  the  solution.  The  directions  are:  Let 
them  be  mixed  by  vigorous  shaking.  Label:  Let  it  be  ap- 
plied to  the  affected  parts  night  and  morning. 

192. 

The  cherry-laurel  water  of  the  Br.  P.  contains  o.i  per  cent, 
of  hydrocyanic  acid.  It  has  been  proved  that  calomel  with 
hydrocyanic  acid  is  changed  to  mercuric  chloride,  mercuric 
cyanide,  and  metallic  mercury.     Hydrocyanic  acid  displaces 


2J2  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

hydrochloric  acid  in  dilute  solutions,  while  in  concentrated 
solutions  hydrochloric  acid  displaces  hydrocyanic  acid.  There 
is  such  a  small  amount  of  hydrocyanic  acid  that  there  would 
not  be  much  of  the  mercuric  salts  formed. 

193. 

A  mixture  of  thymol,  alcohol,  and  ammonia  is  colorless 
at  first,  but  acquires  a  decided  though  not  deep  green  color  on 
standing  for  a  week.  If  the  chlorinated  soda  solution  is 
added  to  a  mixture  of  thymol,  alcohol,  and  ammonia  a  light- 
green  clear  solution  is  formed  at  once.  Within  ten  minutes 
this  becomes  slightly  turbid  and  of  a  deep-green  color.  On 
allowing  it  to  stand  a  day  an  oily  fluid  separates  from  the 
dark-green  solution  in  Httle  round  globules.  These  globules 
are  black  in  appearance,  but  when  broken  up  into  very  small 
ones  they  are  blue-red  or  purple  in  color.  This  oily  liquid 
has  nearly  the  same  specific  gravity  as  the  aqueous  liquid. 

194. 

When  the  cocaine  is  mixed  with  the  solution  of  silver 
nitrate  it  gives  a  black  precipitate  of  silver  oxide.  If  the 
cocaine  is  first  dissolved  in  water  with  the  aid  of  a  little  dilute 
nitric  acid,  which  converts  the  alkaloid  into  a  salt,  the  solu- 
tion can  be  mixed  with  the  silver  nitrate  without  any  pre- 
cipitation. A  better  method  of  filling  would  be  to  use  the 
cocaine  hydrochloride  and  follow  the  directions  under  No. 
189. 

195. 

This  mixture  gives  at  first  a  clear  solution,  but  within  a 
few  minutes  it  begins  to  grow  turbid  from  the  production  of  a 
light-brown  precipitate,  which  quite  rapidly  increases  and 
becomes  dark  brown.  This  precipitation  is  due  chiefly  to 
the  action  of  the  eugenol  in  the  pimenta  on  the  tincture 
of  iron.     This  is  somewhat  characteristic  of  all  phenols,  and 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


223 


the  color  varies  with  the  dilution.     If  the  tincture  of  iron  is 
not  so  very  acid  the  quinine  may  precipitate  some  of  the  iron. 

196. 

The  quinine  sulphate  dissolves  in  the  water  and  citric  acid, 
making  a  clear  solution  that  does  not  precipitate  on  standing. 
On  adding  the  potassium  citrate,  crystals  begin  to  separate  at 
once.  Adding  more  citric  acid  will  dissolve  the  precipitate 
and  the  addition  of  another  portion  of  potassium  citrate 
causes  a  precipitation  again.  It  is  said  that  quinine  acid 
citrate  is  formed.  Whatever  the  precipitate  is,  it  is  probably 
thrown  out  of  solution  by  making  a  concentrated  solution 
of  potassium  citrate,  although  this  does  not  entirely  explain 
the  result  since  acid  clears  up  the  mixture  again.  The  direc- 
tions are:  Mix.    Label:  A  dessertspoonful  after  meals. 

197. 

In  the  presence  of  moisture  this  mixture  becomes  black. 
The  pilocarpine  hydrochloride  probably  breaks  up  the  cal- 
omel, forming  mercuric  chloride  which  combines  with  the 
alkaloidal  salt,  and  metallic  mercury  which  gives  the  mixture 
its  dark  color.  Several  of  the  alkaloids  have  that  property. 
The  directions  translated  into  English  are:  Mix.  Send  8 
such  powders.  Label:  Of  these  powders  take  one  night  and 
morning. 

198. 

There  is  considerable  danger  in  mixing  these  ingredients 
and  the  directions  to  "  mix  cautiously  "  should  be  followed. 
The  potassium  bichromate  w^as  powdered  and  mixed  with  the 
tar.  To  this  the  sulphuric  acid  was  added  with  constant 
stirring.  Heat  and  acrid  fumes  were  generated.  The  mix- 
ture was  a  black,  soft,  granular  mass,  which  after  standing  a 
day  was  scarcely  acid  to  litmus  paper.  It  probably  had  but 
little  caustic  effect. 


224  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

199. 

Sometimes  the  lime  liniment  causes  a  darkening  when 
mixed  with  citrine  ointment.  In  making  the  citrine  ointment, 
if  the  nitric  acid  be  insufficient  in  amount  or  the  temperature 
rise  too  high,  the  oxidation  of  the  fatty  matter  is  effected  in 
part  at  the  expense  of  the  mercuric  nitrate,  forming  a  mer- 
curous  nitrate.  The  calcium  hydrate  in  the  lime  liniment 
^cts  on  the  mercurous  salt,  forming  the  black  mercurous 
oxide.  A  translation  of  the  directions  is:  "  Make  an  oint- 
ment, to  be  used  as  directed." 

I  200. 

The  usual  dose  of  the  fluid  extract  of  gelsemium  is  from 
two  to  three  minims.  In  the  above  prescription  it  would  be 
about  twice  this.  When  chloral  hydrate  and  antipyrin  are 
brought  together  in  concentrated  solutions  in  the  right  pro- 
portions an  oily  liquid  separates  and  upon  standing  forms 
crystals  of  monochloral  antipyrin,  commonly  known  as 
hypnal.  In  this  case  there  is  more  than  enough  of  chloral  for 
the  antipyrin,  the  proper  proportions  being  47  Gm.  of  chloral 
to  53  Gm.  of  antipyrin.  Possibly  there  may  be  some  dichloral 
antipyrin  formed  in  this  prescription.  At  least  there  is  a 
separation  of  an  oily  liquid  that  does  not  solidify.  The  resin- 
ous matter  in  the  fluid  extracts  is  precipitated  by  the  water. 
The  prescription  should  not  be  dispensed  without  consulting 
the  prescriber. 

201. 

Ferric  acetate  is  formed  in  this  prescription  and  it  gives 
a  very  deep  red  color  to  the  solution.  If  the  ingredients 
answer  the  pharmacopoeial  requirements  there  will  be  no  in- 
compatibility. However,  the  solution  of  ammonium  acetate 
is  sometimes  quite  strongly  alkaline,  due  to  excess  of  am- 
monium carbonate  or  deficiency  of  acetic  acid  used;  and  if 
the  tincture  of  iron  is  free  from  an  excess  of  acid  the  alkali 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  225 

causes  the  formation  of  ferric  hydrate  which  will  be  kept  in 
solution  by  the  syrup. 

202. 

As  this  prescription  is  written  it  would  make  a  dangerous 
mixture.  The  solution  of  potassium  arsenite,  being  alkaline, 
slowly  precipitates  the  strychnine.  If  the  solution  of  arsenous 
acid  were  directed  instead  of  Fowler's  solution  there  would 
be  no  danger  and  the  physiological  effect  would  be  the  same. 

203. 

When  the  first  two  ingredients  are  rubbed  together  in  a 
mortar  chemical  reaction  takes  place  with  enough  violence 
to  amount  almost  to  an  explosion,  and  there  is  an  evolution 
of  a  large  volume  of  white  fumes.  If  the  two  chemicals  are 
powdered  separately  and  then  mixed  together  lightly  the 
change  is  slower  and  the  mixture  gradually  turns  brown.  If 
mixed  with  separate  portions  of  the  cerate  and  then  these 
mixed  the  reaction  is  retarded,  but  the  ointment  ultimately 
becomes  brown.  Chloral  hydrate  and  potassium  cyanide 
form  dichloro-acetic  acid,  and  in  concentrated  solutions  form 
a  crystalline  compound  which  is  not  very  soluble  in  water 
(M.  &  M.,  II.  4). 

204. 

The  quinine  sulphate  would  not  be  entirely  soluble  even 
though  there  were  no  tannic  acid  in  the  infusion.  The  tannic 
acid  converts  the  quinine  sulphate  into  the  less  soluble  quinine 
tannate.  The  oil  in  the  spirit  of  rosemary  is  thrown  out  of 
solution,  as  well  as  some  of  the  inert  matter  in  the  tincture. 
This  is  a  poor  combination,  even  for  an  external  preparation. 

205. 

By  triturating  the  zinc  oxide  and  carbonate  with  the 
petrolatum,  and  then  adding  the  lime  water  gradually,  a 


226  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

partial  emulsion  can  be  effected.  By  the  addition  of  thirty- 
grains  of  acacia  an  emulsion  can  be  made,  which  soon 
separates  into  three  layers,  the  bottom  consisting  of  the  zinc 
salts,  the  middle  chiefly  of  water,  and  the  top  of  the  emul- 
sified petrolatum.  These  are  readily  mixed  on  agitation. 
Petrolatum  is  not  saponified  or  otherwise  chemically  acted 
upon  by  calcium  hydrate  or  other  hydrates,  as  are  the  organic 
fixed  oils  and  fatty  substances.  The  best  way  to  fill  this 
prescription  is  to  replace  one  fourth  of  -the  petrolatum  with 
lanolin,  mix  these  with  thirty  grains  of  acacia  and  emulsify 
with  about  a  dram  of  the  lime  water,  then  add  the  balance  of 
the  water  and  lastly  the  zinc  oxide  and  carbonate. 

206. 

Salicylic  acid  is  soluble  in  450  parts  of  water  and  60  parts 
of  glycerin;  consequently  a  solution  cannot  be  made  unless 
something  else  be  added.  "  With  half  its  weight  of  borax 
and  two  and  a  half  times  its  weight  of  glycerin  a  twenty-five 
per  cent,  solution  of  salicylic  acid  may  be  obtained."  (Nat. 
Dispensatory,  5th  ed.,  89.)  This  prescription  with  thirty 
grains  of  borax  would  make  a  clear  solution.  But  the  addi- 
tion of  borax,  potassium  nitrate,  ammonium  citrate,  or 
sodium  phosphate  should  not  be  made  without  the  knowledge 
of  the  prescriber.  In  the  absence  of  the  physician  this  should 
be  dispensed  as  a  "  Shake  "  mixture. 

207. 

By  mixing  these  ingredients  a  bright-red  precipitate  is 
formed  in  a  few  minutes  and  the  iodine  color  of  the  liquid  is 
nearly  destroyed.  In  the  course  of  a  day  or  two  there  is  no 
free  iodine  present.  Probably  three  chemical  reactions  take 
place.  The  mercurous  chloride  and  potassium  iodide  in  the 
tincture  form  potassium  mercuric  iodide,  potassium  chloride, 
and  metallic  mercury.  The  metallic  mercury  with  the  iodine 
forms  mercurous  iodide,  and  this  with  more  iodine  makes 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


227 


the  red  mercuric  iodide.    The  final  products  depend  to  some 
extent  upon  the  proportion  of  the  tincture  to  the  calomel. 

208. 

The  trouble  with  this  prescription  is  to  get  into  and  to 
keep  in  solution  the  two  alkaloidal  salts.  Cocaine  hydro- 
chloride is  soluble  in  .48  parts  of  water,  3.5  parts  of  alcohoU 
2800  parts  of  ether,  or  17  parts  of  chloroform.  Morphine 
sulphate  is  soluble  in  21  parts  of  water,  702  parts  of  alcohol, 
and  nearly  insoluble  in  ether  or  chloroform.  The  alcohol  in 
the  tincture  is  not  present  in  sufficient  amount  to  dissolve  all 
of  the  morphine  sulphate,  and  the  ether  and  chloroform 
would  throw  out  about  all  that  the  alcohol  dissolves.  As  a 
rule,  the  free  alkaloids  are  much  more  soluble  in  ether  or 
chloroform  than  are  their  salts,  but  morphine  is  an  exception. 
Morphine  dissolves  in  300  parts  of  alcohol  (not  enough  in  the 
two  ounces  of  the  tincture  to  dissolve  the  amount  that  would 
correspond  to  15  grains  of  the  sulphate),  in  4000  parts  of 
ether,  or  6000  parts  of  chloroform.  It  is  impossible  to  get  the 
morphine  sulphate  or  the  free  alkaloid  into  solution.  The 
prescription  should  not  be  dispensed. 

209. 

In  neutralizing  tincture  of  ferric  chloride  by  adding  am- 
monia water  to  it  a  precipitate  is  formed,  consisting  of  ferric 
hydrate  and  basic  ferric  chloride.  If  the  ammonia  water  is 
added  to  a  part  of  the  syrup,  and  then  this  added  to  the  tinc- 
ture of  iron  previously  diluted  with  the  balance  of  the  syrup, 
no  precipitation  will  occur  even  though  an  excess  of  ammonia 
is  used.  The  resulting  fluid  is  of  a  very  dark  red  color. 
The  syrup  acts  as  a  solvent  for  the  ferric  hydrate.  It  is  better 
to  add  a  strong  solution  of  ammonia  than  a  weak  one,  as  the 
water  dilutes  the  syrup  so  much  that  it  may  not  prevent  the 
precipitation. 


228  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

210. 

This  makes  at  first  a  clear  colorless  solution,  but  within 
a  day  or  two  becomes  of  a  dark  brownish-red  color.  On 
standing  a  few  days  there  is  a  slight  precipitation,  the 
amount  depending  on  the  condition  of  the  salt  and  the  spirit. 
If  the  salt  is  neutral  and  the  spirit  strongly  acid  a  small 
amount  of  salicylic  acid  will  be  thrown  out  of  solution.  By 
neutralizing  the  acid  the  precipitation  is  prevented  and  the 
coloration  hindered,  although  care  must  be  used  not  to  make 
the  solution  alkaline,  as  an  alkaline  solution  of  a  salicylate 
•quite  quickly  becomes  colored.  Possibly  there  is  some 
nitrosalicylic  acid  formed  in  this  prescription.  The  directions 
are:   Mix.    Label:   Dessertspoonful  three  times  a  day. 

211. 

On  adding  the  sulphurous  acid  to  the  tincture  of  iron  the 
mixture  becomes  of  a  much  darker  red  color  at  first  and  then 
nearly  colorless.  The  glycerin  may  now  be  added  and  then 
the  potassium  chlorate  dissolved  in  the  water.  There  is 
barely  a  sufficient  amount  of  water  to  dissolve  the  chlorate 
at  the  ordinary  temperature,  and  after  mixing  with  the  other 
ingredients  some  of  the  salt  is  thrown  out  of  solution  by  the 
■alcohol  of  the  tincture.  Different  chemical  reactions  take 
place,  depending  on  the  order  of  mixing.  The  possible 
reactions  are  as  follows:  i.  Between  the  ferric  iron  and  the 
sulphurous  acid,  forming  ferrous  sulphate  and  hydrochloric 
acid.  2.  Between  the  potassium  chlorate  and  the  hydro- 
chloric acid  in  the  tincture,  forming  chlorine.  3.  Between 
the  chlorine  and  the  ferrous  sulphate,  forming  a  ferric  salt  and 
a  chloride.  4.  Between  the  chlorine  and  the  sulphurous  acid, 
forming  sulphuric  and  .hydrochloric  acids.  5.  Between  the 
chlorine  and  the  glycerin.  6.  Between  the  potassium  chlor- 
ate and  the  sulphurous  acid,  forming  potassium  sulphate  and 
hydrochloric  acid. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  229 

212. 

This  prescription  was  filled  by  dissolving  the  inorganic 
salts  in  the  water  and  the  camphor  in  the  alcohol.  The  tinc- 
ture was  added  to  the  alcoholic  solution  and  then  the  two 
solutions  mixed.  A  turbidity  resulted  at  once,  and  on  stand- 
ing for  some  time  crystals  were  formed.  This  is  due  to  the 
insolubility  of  the  inorganic  salts  in  the  alcohol,  which  throws 
them  out  of  their  aqueous  solution. 

213. 

There  is  barely  enough  of  water  to  dissolve  the  borax,  it 
being  soluble  in  16  parts  of  water.  Mercuric  chloride  requires 
about  16  parts  of  water,  and  the  twenty  grains  would  require 
about  two  thirds  of  an  ounce.  If  the  mercuric  chloride  is 
■dissolved  in  part  of  the  water,  and  the  borax  is  mixed  with 
the  balance  of  the  water  and  then  with  the  corrosive  sub- 
limate solution,  or  if  the  borax  is  dissolved  in  the  water  and 
then  the  mercuric  chloride  added  to  this,  the  result  will  be 
about  the  same.  In  either  case  there  will  be  formed  a  dark 
reddish-brown  precipitate  of  an  oxychloride  of  mercury,  and 
also  a  white  precipitate  of  borax  or  boric  acid.  The  mercury 
is  ultimately  entirely  precipitated.  If  heat  is  used  in  dissolv- 
ing the  borax  there  are  quite  large  clear  crystals  formed  on 
standing,  probably  borax.  The  directions  are:  Make  a 
lotion.    Use  frequently. 

214. 

The  carbonate  in  the  Fowler's  solution  precipitates  the 
ferrous  carbonate,  which  is  white  if  purely  ferrous,  but 
quickly  oxidizes,  changing  to  a  dark  green.  This  slowly 
oxidizes  still  more,  forming  a  red-brown  basic  ferric  salt. 
Probably  some  of  the  arsenic  is  also  precipitated.  The  sugar 
in  the  syrup  tends  to  prevent  the  oxidation  of  the  ferrous 
carbonate. 


230  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

215. 

Piperazin  is  so  deliquescent  that  it  becomes  liquefied  when 
exposed  to  air;  consequently  it  cannot  well  be  dispensed  in 
the  form  of  powders.  Probably  the  best  way  is  to  put  it 
into  good  capsules,  and  even  then  it  may  liquefy.  It  also 
absorbs  carbon  dioxide  from  the  air.  The  directions  are:  Let 
it  be  triturated  well.    Let  12  powders  be  made. 

216. 

The  cocaine  hydrochloride  is  best  dissolved  in  a  little 
water  before  mixing  with  the  base.  No  difficulty  is  experi- 
enced in  filling  this  prescription,  but  the  use  of  a  metallic 
spatula  must  be  avoided. 

217. 

Crystallized  carbolic  acid  when  triturated  with  lead  acetate 
or  with  thymol  gives  a  liquid,  and  the  reaction  cannot  be 
prevented  by  first  mixing  the  ingredients  with  separate  por- 
tions of  the  base  and  then  rubbing  these  together.  The  mass 
is  too  soft  to  make  into  suppositories,  and  it  is  necessary  to 
use  some  drying-powder  or  spermaceti  to  stiffen  it.  The 
directions  are:   Mix  carefully.     Make  10  suppositories. 

218. 

Three  chemical  reactions  may  take  place  in  mixing  these 
ingredients.  One  is  between  the  sodium  benzoate  and  the 
sulphuric  acid,  forming  sodium  sulphate  and  benzoic  acid. 
The  benzoic  acid  is  only  sparingly  soluble  in  water,  but  there 
is  enough  of  alcohol  in  the  elixir  to  keep  it  in  solution. 
Another  reaction  is  between  the  sulphuric  acid  and  the 
quinine  sulphate,  making  the  soluble  bisulphate.  The  third 
reaction  is  between  the  sodium  benzoate  and  the  quinine  salt, 
forming  quinine  benzoate,  which  is  not  very  soluble  in  water. 
The  prescription  was  filled  by  dissolving  the  quinine  sulphate 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


231 


in  part  of  the  elixir  and  the  benzoate  in  the  remainder  and 
then  mixing  the  solutions.  Precipitation  commenced  almost 
at  once  and  in  a  short  time  there  was  a  solid  mass  of  needle- 
shaped  crystals.  This  could  be  shaken  up  so  that  it  could  be 
poured. 

219. 

The  quinine  sulphate  was  dissolved  in  the  tincture  of  iron 
with  the  hydrobromic  acid  and  then  an  aqueous  solution  of 
the  corrosive  sublimate  added.  A  precipitation  commenced 
at  once  and  continued  for  some  time.  Mercuric  chloride  is  a 
general  alkaloidal  reagent,  and  so  also  is  the  double  com- 
pound that  it  forms  with  the  hydrobromic  acid;  these  combine 
with  the  quinine  to  form  insoluble  compounds.  In  such  a 
prescription  as  this  the  danger  lies,  not  in  the  precipitation 
of  the  quinine,  but  of  the  mercuric  chloride,  and  in  this  par- 
ticular instance  it  is  almost  entirely  thrown  out  of  solution. 
This  prescription  might  be  considered  dangerous  to  dis- 
pense. 

220. 

The  potassium  nitrate  and  the  lead  acetate  were  powdered 
separately  and  then  mixed  with  the  oil.  To  this  the  sul- 
phuric acid  was  added  slowly  with  constant  stirring,  avoiding 
letting  the  mixture  get  hot.  The  carbolic  acid  was  added 
last.  The  mixture  thus  produced  was  black  and  thick. 
Several  reactions  ensue,  depending  to  some  extent  upon  the 
order  of  mixing,  i.  Sulphuric  acid  with  lead  acetate  gives 
lead  sulphate  and  acetic  acid.  2.  Sulphuric  acid  with  potas- 
sium nitrate  forms  potassium  sulphate  and  nitric  acid.  3. 
The  nitric  acid  may  act  on  the  oil,  oxidizing  it.  4.  The 
nitric  acid  may  act  upon  the  carbolic  acid,  forming  picric 
acid.  5.  The  sulphuric  acid  forms  with  carbolic  acid  sulpho- 
carbolic  acid.  6.  Sulphuric  acid  has  a  carbonizing  effect  upon 
the  oil. 


232  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

221. 

No  matter  what  order  is  used  in  mixing  these  ingredients 
a  clear  solution  cannot  be  obtained.  Several  chemical  reac- 
tions are  liable  to  take  place.  i.  Potassium  acetate  with 
tincture  chloride  of  iron  gives  a  red  solution  of  ferric  acetate. 
2.  Potassium  acetate  with  a  solution  of  quinine  sulphate 
gives  the  almost  insoluble  quinine  acetate.  3.  Sodium 
bicarbonate  precipitates  morphine  from  a  solution  of  its  salt. 
4.  Sodium  bicarbonate  precipitates  ferric  hydrate  from  the 
tincture  of  iron.  5.  Sodium  bicarbonate  precipitates  the 
quinine  from  a  solution  of  the  sulphate.  6.  The  morphine 
sulphate  gives  a  blue-green  solution  with  the  tincture  of  iron. 
By  replacing  one  half  of  the  water  with  glycerin  the  precipi- 
tation can  be  prevented  to  some  extent. 

222. 

The  strychnine  and  the  iodoform  are  insoluble  in  the 
syrups.  The  strychnine  sulphate  should  be  used  instead  of 
the  alkaloid  and  then  it  will  dissolve  in  the  syrups.  The 
iodoform  should  be  finely  powdered  before  mixing  with  the 
other  ingredients  and  a  "  Shake  "  label  should  be  put  on  the 
bottle.  Very  frequently  syrup  of  hydriodic  acid  contains 
some  free  iodine,  which  would  precipitate  the  alkaloids,  but 
by  mixing  the  two  syrups  first  the  iodine  is  reduced  by  the 
hypophosphorous  acid  in  the  syrup  of  hypophosphites. 
There  is  perhaps  a  little  danger  of  the  hydriodic  acid  precipi- 
tating the  strychnine,  as  under  certain  conditions  iodides  pre- 
cipitate that  alkaloid. 

223. 

On  adding  a  part  of  the  glycerin  to  the  balsam  a  nearly 
solid  mass  results  which  is  thinned  some  by  the  balance  of  the 
glycerin  so  that  it  will  run  slowly.  There  may  be  some 
chemical  reaction,  but  more  probably  the  thickening  is  due  to 
the  separation  of  part  of  the  resinous  matter.     On  standing 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


235 


exposed  to  the  air  the  glycerin  absorbs  moisture  and  the 
mixture  becomes  thinner,  the  balsam  coming  to  the  top.  The 
odor  of  the  iodoform  is  destroyed,  the  balsam  combining  with 
the  iodoform  (U.  S.  D.,  741). 

224. 

The  vaselin  will  not  dissolve  in  the  bay  rum  and  on  being 
melted  and  shaken  with  the  bay  rum  until  cold  separates  in 
a  mass.  Acacia  cannot  be  used  to  emulsify  it  on  account  of 
the  alcohol  present.  The  addition  of  soap  or  resinous  matter 
in  admissible  amounts  does  not  help  it.  If  lanolin  is  used  in- 
stead of  petrolatum  the  acid  can  be  mixed  with  it  and  about 
one  half  of  the  alcohol,  making  a  homogeneous  mass,  but  the 
balance  of  the  alcohol  separates.  The  amount  of  carbolic  acid 
is  very  large,  the  mixture  being  so  strong  as  to  quickly  make 
the  skin  white.    The  prescriber  should  be  consulted. 

225. 

If  the  sodium  salicylate  is  dissolved  in  a  little  water  and 
then  added  directly  to  the  tincture  of  iron  ferric  salicylate  is 
precipitated.  This  can  be  prevented  by  diluting  the  iron 
with  the  solution  of  ammonium  acetate.  The  oil  of  winter- 
green  does  not  dissolve  in  the  glycerin  or  the  mixture  of 
other  ingredients.  The  solution  is  colored  deep  red  by  the 
ferric  salicylate.  If  the  tincture  of  iron  and  the  solution  of 
ammonium  acetate  are  quite  strongly  acid  there  may  be  a 
precipitate  of  salicylic  acid. 

226. 

Exalgin  triturated  with  camphor  makes  a  damp  powder, 
or  with  salol  it  gives  a  liquid.  Salol  and  camphor  triturated 
together  give  a  liquid.  This  mixture  cannot  be  dispensed 
in  the  form  of  powders  unless  a  large  amount  of  some  absorb- 
ing-powder, as  slippery  elm,  is  used.  Perhaps  the  best  way 
to  dispense  this  combination  would  be  to  get  the  prescriber's: 


^34 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


consent  to  make  an  emulsion  with  water  and  acacia,  using' 
•some  expressed  oil  of  almond  to  aid  the  emulsification. 

227. 

The  mercuric  chloride  with  potassium  iodide  gives  the 
potassium  mercuric  iodide  (Mayer's  reagent)  which  precipi- 
tates nearly  all  alkaloids,  quinine  not  being  an  exception. 
The  precipitation  is  prevented  to  considerable  extent  by  the 
presence  of  alcohol,  but  there  is  not  a  sufficient  amount  here. 
In  filling  this  prescription  Mr.  ]Martindale  advises  the  use  of 
one  and  a  half  ounces  of  glycerin  in  place  of  a  like  amount  of 
water,  when  no  precipitation  occurs.  His  directions  are  to 
rub  the  quinine  with  the  glycerin,  then  add  the  iodide,  the 
tincture,  the  spirit,  and  lastly  the  mercuric  chloride  dissolved 
in  water. 

228. 

On  mixing  these  two  ingredients  a  white  precipitate  of 
calcium  carbonate  is  formed,  the  spirit  containing  ammo- 
nium carbonate.  The  lime  water  also  throws  out  of  solution 
the  oils  of  the  aromatic  spirit.  Ordinarily  the  precipitate 
would  not  be  filtered  out  but  the  mixture  dispensed  with  a 
"  Shake  well  "  label. 

229. 

The  bismuth  subnitrate  is  not  dissolved.  The  aromatic 
spirit  of  ammonia  precipitates  the  zinc  as  zinc  carbonate,  due 
to  the  presence  of  ammonium  carbonate.  The  carbonate 
may  be  slowly  decomposed  by  the  bismuth  subnitrate,  liberat- 
ing carbon  dioxide,  which  might  burst  the  bottle  if  tightly 
corked.  Tragacanth  is  perhaps  as  good  as  anything  for  sus- 
pending bismuth  subnitrate.  A  "  Shake  well  "  label  is  neces- 
sary. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  235 

230. 

Ergotin  does  not  mix  well  with  alcohol  and  should  be 
rubbed  up  with  a  little  water  first  and  then  triturated  thor- 
oughly with  the  tincture.    The  mixture  is  not  clear  at  best. 

231. 

Reaction  takes  place  between  the  two  chemicals,  resulting 
in  the  formation  of  the  soluble  ammonium  acetate  and  the 
precipitation  of  a  white  basic  carbonate  of  lead,  which  is  really 
a  carbonate  and  hydrate  combined  in  various  proportions.  All 
the  lead  is  precipitated.  As  it  is  for  external  use,  it  may  be 
dispensed. 

232. 

This  prescription  would  make  pills  weighing  nearly  eight 
■grains  each  even  though  no  excipient  is  used,  and  as  two  of 
the  ingredients  are  liquids,  it  would  require  a  large  amount 
of  an  absorbent  powder  to  make  a  mass  and  the  pills  would 
be  entirely  too  large.  A  smaller  amount  of  excipient  can  be 
used,  and  at  the  same  time  a  larger  amount  of  medicinal 
matter  can  be  taken,  in  the  form  of  capsules  than  in  a  pill. 
This  prescription  should  either  be  put  into  capsules  or  be 
made  into  two  or  three  times  as  many  pills  as  directed,  of 
course  increasing  the  number  to  be  taken  at  a  dose. 

233. 

Several  chemical  reactions  take  place,  depending  on  the 
order  of  mixing.  The  quinine  sulphate  is  not  all  dissolved  by 
the  elixir.  i.  The  sodium  salicylate  combines  with  the- 
quinine  salt,  forming  the  nearly  insoluble  quinine  salicylate. 
2.  The  quinine  sulphate  forms  with  the  mercuric  chloride  a 
double  compound  which  is  insoluble  in  water  but  soluble  in 
alcohol.  In  this  particular  instance  there  is  not  enough  of 
alcohol  in  the  elixir  to  dissolve  it.     3.  The  quinine  is  also 


236  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

precipitated  as  the  free  alkaloid  by  the  alkali  in  Fowler's 
solution.  4.  An  alkaline  solution  of  potassium  arsenite  re- 
duces mercuric  chloride  to  calomel,  but  in  this  prescription 
there  is  not  enough  to  make  any  trouble.  In  filling  this,, 
quite  a  bulky  precipitate  results,  but  by  increasing  the  alcohol 
so  that  it  will  be  about  fifty  per  cent,  there  will  be  little  or  no 
precipitation. 

234. 

The  U.  S.  Dispensatory  (17th  ed.,  716)  gives  a  formula 
for  making  the  colorless  hydrastis,  which  consists  of  twenty 
grains  of  hydrastine  hydrochloride  or  sulphate  dissolved  in  a. 
pint  of  a  mixture  of  glycerin  and  water.  In  this  prescription 
w^e  have  the  borax  decomposed  by  either  the  honey  or  the 
glycerin,  forming  boric  acid  and  sodium  metaborate.  The 
boric  acid  liberates  carbon  dioxide  from  the  sodium  bicar- 
bonate. Carbon  dioxide  may  also  be  liberated  by  the  bis- 
muth subnitrate,  bismuth  subcarbonate  being  slowly  formed. 
The  bicarbonate  of  sodium  may  also  liberate  the  hydrastine 
from  the  acid  with  which  it  is  combined,  but  the  alkaloid  will 
not  be  precipitated  in  the  presence  of  so  much  honey,  glyc- 
erin, and  water. 

235. 

The  compound  liniment  of  camphor  contains  ammonia,, 
and  this  w-ith  the  iodine  forms  ammonium  iodide  and  a  little 
ammonium  iodate.  The  mixture  at  first  is  red-brown,  but 
becomes  colorless  as  the  iodine  is  changed.  There  is  some 
danger  of  forming  the  explosive  iodide  of  nitrogen.  [See 
under  Iodum.] 

236. 

This  mixture  quickly  becomes  blue,  the  color  gradually 
deepening,  and  a  turbidity  is  produced.  The  addition  of  an 
acid  turns  it  red.     Mention  is  made  of  this  change  in  Allen's 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


nr 


Organic  Analysis  (vol.  ii.  p.  539),  and  also  in  Muir  and  Mor- 
ley's  edition  of  Watts'  Dictionary  (vol.  iii.  p.  832),  but  no 
explanation  is  given  nor  intimation  of  the  chemical  change 
which  takes  place. 

237. 

The  trouble  in  filling  this  prescription  comes  in  getting 
the  extracts  into  solution.  The  best  way  is  to  make  a  very 
strong  aqueous  solution  of  the  chloral  hydrate  and  this  will 
dissolve  the  extracts;  to  this  solution  add  the  alcohol  and 
then  the  water  containing  the  bromide,  the  latter  solution  to 
be  added  slowly  with  constant  stirring.  Some  precipitate  will 
form  but  it  can  be  readily  diffused  through  the  liquid  by  agi- 
tation. Using  another  ounce  of  alcohol  makes  a  better  solu- 
tion. 

238. 

In  Scoville's  Art  of  Compounding  the  statement  is  made 
that  sodium  bicarbonate  with  calomel  forms  corrosive  sub- 
limate slowly,  the  change  not  taking  place  within  four  to  six 
weeks  ordinarily,  so  that,  except  under  unusual  conditions, 
any  prescription  would  be  used  before  mercuric  chloride 
is  formed.  It  is  a  very  common  practice  of  physicians  to 
direct  the  use  of  these  two  chemicals  together  and  no  ill  effect 
seems  to  have  resulted. 

239. 

Sodium  bicarbonate  requires  11.3  parts  of  water  for  solu- 
tion. While  there  is  suf^cient  water  to  dissolve  the  two  salts 
and  the  acid,  a  precipitate  very  slowly  forms  after  the  addi- 
tion of  the  chloroform,  due,  probably,  to  the  throwing  out  of 
solution  some  of  the  bicarbonate  by  the  chloroform.  The 
chloroform  is  not  all  dissolved,  but  sinks  to  the  bottom.  In 
dissolving  sodium  bicarbonate  in  water  heat  should  not  be 
used,  because  carbon  dioxide  is  liberated,  forming  the  normal 


238  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

sodium  carbonate.     Carbolic  acid  does  not  liberate  carbon 
dioxide  from  the  sodium  bicarbonate. 

240. 

When  antipyrin  is  rubbed  with  resorcin  a  pasty  mass  re- 
sults, and  this  gradually  becomes  liquid.  Acetanilid  and 
resorcin  triturated  together  make  a  liquid.  When  an  aqueous 
solution  of  antipyrin  is  mixed  with  a  solution  of  resorcin  a 
white  precipitate  is  formed.  Acetanilid  requires  194  parts 
K)i  water  for  solution,  so  that  in  this  prescription  it  will  not 
be  all  dissolved.  No  matter  how  this  is  filled  a  clear  solu- 
tion cannot  be  made  without  the  addition  of  alcohol  or  some 
other  solvent. 

241. 

Cocaine  hydrochloride  is  soluble  in  2800  parts  of  ether  or 
3.5  parts  of  alcohol.  As  collodion  is  made  up  of  3  volumes 
of  ether  to  i  of  alcohol,  this  salt  will  not  dissolve  in  it.  The 
free  alkaloid  cocaine  is  readily  soluble  in  alcohol  or  ether,  and 
consequently  in  collodion.  The  free  alkaloid  should  be  used 
and  the  prescriber  notified  of  the  change. 

242. 

Atropine  sulphate  is  nearly  insoluble  in  fixed  oils.  The 
free  alkaloid  is  soluble  in  38  parts  of  olive  oil,  and  this  is  what 
should  be  used  in  filling  this  prescription.  The  physician 
should  be  notified  of  the  change." 

243. 

The  chromic  acid  and  cocaine  hydrochloride  were  dis- 
solved in  separate  portions  of  water,  using  one  dram  for  each, 
and  these  solutions  were  mixed.  A  heavy  yellow  sticky  pre- 
cipitate formed  which  made  a  mass.  It  is  necessary  to  use 
about  twelve  drams  of  water  to  get  a  clear  solution  and  then 
it  may  precipitate  on  standing  for  a  time.    Alcohol  or  glycerin 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


239 


cannot  be  used  with  chromic  acid.     It  cannot  well  be  dis- 
pensed as  written. 

244. 

The  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  gives  a  blue  color  with  a  fresh 
tincture  of  guaiac  but  a  brown  one  with  a  tincture  that  has 
been  exposed  to  the  light  for  a  time.  The  nitrous  acid  would 
probably  affect  the  alkaloid  colchicine,  since  it  is  so  easily 
decomposed.  Acids  usually  give  yellow  solutions  with  col- 
chicine, but  this  change  would  not  be  noticed  here.  The 
syrup  precipitates  resinous  matter  from  the  tinctures. 

245. 

The  potassium  sulphide  in  the  "  liver  of  sulphur  "  pre- 
cipitates part  of  the  zinc  as  the  white  zinc  sulphide.  There 
is  left  in  solution  some  zinc  sulphate,  potassium  sulphate,. 
and  potassium  thiosulphate. 

246. 

The  aromatic  sulphuric  acid  was  probably  added  to  reduce 
the  bulk  of  the  quinine,  but  an  incompatibility  is  thereby 
introduced.  The  acid  will  liberate  the  carbon  dioxide  from 
the  mass  of  carbonate  of  iron,  causing  the  pills  to  swell  and 
forming  ferrous  sulphate.    The  acid  should  be  omitted. 

247. 

There  will  be  a  little  silver  permanganate  thrown  out  of 
solution,  it  being  soluble  in  109  parts  of  water.  This  salt, 
like  other  silver  salts,  is  decomposed  by  Hght  and  also  by 
heat. 

248. 

Thymol  and  menthol  liquefy  when  triturated  together. 
If  a  powder  were  used  to  mass  the  liquid  the  required  cap- 


240  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

sule  would  be  entirely  too  large  to  swallow.  By  putting  in 
the  menthol,  then  the  guaiacol  carbonate,  then  the  thymol, 
and  lastly  the  eucalyptol,  a  kind  of  mass  will  be  formed,  but 
it  will  be  necessary  to  seal  the  capsules.  Or  a  drying  powder 
can  be  used  and  the  number  of  capsules  and  the  dose  be  in- 
creased. 

249. 

Benzoic  acid  is  soluble  in  500  parts  of  water  and  salicylic 
acid  in  450  parts  of  water.  If  the  directions  to  make  a  solu- 
tion with  the  aid  of  heat  are  followed  the  acids  on  cooling 
will  separate  out  in  much  larger  crystals  than  at  first.  A 
better  mixture  will  be  obtained  by  rubbing  the  acids  well  in 
the  mortar  and  then  mixing  with  the  water  and  cocaine  salt 
in  the  cold.    The  acids  do  not  precipitate  the  alkaloid. 

250. 

The  analysis  of  antikamnia  shows  it  to  contain  some 
sodium  bicarbonate,  which  would  react  with  each  of  the  other 
ingredients  of  the  prescription  if  a  mass  were  made  of  them. 
The  capsules  would  necessarily  be  too  large  even  though  the 
ingredients  were  made  into  a  mass.  The  dose  of  strychnine 
is  too  large;  the  usual  maximum  limit  is  ^/2o  of  a  grain,  al- 
though some  authorities  give  it  as  high  as  V12  grain.  The 
prescriber  should  be  consulted. 

251. 

The  oil,  chloroform,  spirit  of  camphor,  and  aromatic  spirit 
of  ammonia  mixed  make  a  clear  solution,  but  on  the  addi- 
tion of  the  tincture  and  the  whiskey  the  oil  and  chloroform 
are  thrown  out  of  the  solution,  and  on  standing  the  mixture 
separates  into  two  clear  layers  the  lower  one  being  chloro- 
form and  oil.  There  is  no  danger  of  the  morphine  being  pre- 
cipitated, for,  although  the  free  alkaloid  is  formed  by  the 
ammonia,  there  is  enough  of  alcohol  and  chloroform  to  keep 
it  in  solution. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  241 

252. 

The  carbonate  in  the  solution  of  potassium  arsenite  pre- 
cipitates the  yellow-white  silver  carbonate.  The  arsenic  also 
combines  with  the  silver,  forming  yellow  silver  arsenite,  which 
is  insoluble  in  a  neutral  aqueous  liquid.  In  this  prescription 
the  silver  is  not  all  precipitated.  The  yellow-white  precipi- 
tate becomes  dark  on  standing  for  a  day,  with  the  formation 
of  silver  oxide  or  metallic  silver  or  both. 

253. 

In  the  presence  of  moisture  the  potassium  iodide  reacts 
with  the  mercurous  iodide,  forming  metallic  mercury  and  the 
more  active  mercuric  iodide.  The  potassium  chlorate  in  the 
presence  of  a  mineral  acid,  as  the  hydrochloric  acid  of  the 
gastric  juice,  causes  the  liberation  of  iodine.  It  should  not  be 
dispensed  as  written. 

254. 

Castor  oil  and  nearly  all  other  fixed  oils  do  not  make  clear 
solutions  with  glycerin.  A  "  Shake  well  "  label  is  necessary 
for  this  prescription.  The  oil  need  not  be  emulsified,  as  the 
two  liquids  are  thick  and  do  not  separate  quickly. 

255. 

The  ammonia  and  the  oil  in  the  liniment  reduce  the  iodine 
to  an  iodide,  the  fresher  the  liniment  and  the  more  ammonia 
present,  the  larger  the  proportion  of  iodine  reduced.  The 
oily  matter  is  rather  heavier  than  the  alcohol  and  it  forms  a 
globule  in  the  bottom  of  the  mixture.  The  two  liquids  can 
\)t  readily  mixed  by  agitation. 

256. 

The  two  ingredients  cannot  be  mixed  so  as  to  make  a 
homogeneous  mass  as  the  alcohol  does  not  mix  with  fatty 


2^2 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


matter.  The  iodine  combines  with  the  mercury  to  form  mer- 
curous  iodide  and  then  mercuric  iodide.  In  a  day  or  two  the 
liquid  becomes  nearly  colorless.  There  is  no  way  to  remed}^ 
the  trouble  except  by  rewriting  the  prescription. 

257. 

The  antipyrin  was  dissolved  in  the  syrup  and  added  to  the 
syrup  of  iodide  of  iron  without  producing  any  apparent 
change  at  first.  After  a  day  or  two,  however,  the  liquid  be- 
came dark  red  and  a  crystalline  precipitate  of  a  deep-red  color 
began  to  form.  These  crystals  grew  as  the  liquid  was  allowed 
to  stand.    Their  composition  was  undetermined. 

258. 

Potassium  permanganate  oxidizes  carbolic  acid  to  oxalic 
acid  and  carbon  dioxide.  (Morley  and  Muir,  iii.  832.) 
The  permanganate  is  reduced  and  precipitated  as  man- 
ganese dioxide,  which  makes  the  mixture  a  semi-solid,  but 
by  shaking  it  may  be  gotten  into  a  condition  so  that  it  can 
be  poured.  There  is  a  large  excess  of  carbolic  acid  not 
oxidized. 

259. 

If  a  solution  of  borax  is  added  to  a  solution  of  lead 
acetate  a  white  precipitate  of  lead  borate  is  formed.  Or  if 
the  glycerin  is  added  to  the  solution  of  lead  acetate  and  then 
the  borax  solution  added  a  precipitate  is  also  formed.  But 
if  the  glycerin  is  added  to  the  borax  solution  first  the  borax 
is  decomposed,  with  the  ultimate  formation  of  sodium  meta- 
borate  and  boric  acid,  making  an  acid  solution  which  does  not 
precipitate  the  lead. 

260. 

The  iodine  is  reduced  by  the  tannic  acid,  but  not  com- 
pletely, and  a  turbid  mixture  is  made.  According  to  the  U.  S. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  243: 

Dispensatory  (p.  loi),  hydriodic  acid  is  formed  and  combines 
with  a  portion  of  the  tannic  acid  and  remains  in  solution, 
while  the  oxygen  of  the  decomposed  water  combines  with 
another  portion  of  the  tannic  acid  to  form  an  insoluble  com- 
pound.   This  mixture  is  capable  of  dissolving  iodine. 

261. 

If  the  potassium  chlorate  and  the  glycerin  are  rubbed 
together  an  explosion  is  liable  to  occur.  The  chlorate  and 
acid  react  to  form  a  chloride  and  sulphate.  After  a  day  or 
two  no  odor  of  sulphurous  acid  can  be  detected.  The 
chlorate  does  not  all  dissolve  in  the  water,  but  the  excess 
should  not  be  filtered  out,  as  it  is  to  be  mixed  with  more 
water  before  being  used. 

262. 

Chromic  acid  oxidizes  glycerin  to  oxalic  and  carbonic 
acids;  it  oxidizes  alcohol  to  aldehyde  and  acetic  acid.  There 
is  great  danger  of  causing  an  explosion  or  igniting  the 
organic  matter  in  filling  this  prescription.  The  reaction  is. 
very  violent.  The  chromic  acid  is  changed  to  an  insoluble 
oxide  of  chromium. 

263. 

The  National  Dispensatory  (p.  847)  states  that  when  the 
first  two  ingredients  are  rubbed  together  explosion  takes 
place,  due  to  the  formation  of  iodide  of  nitrogen.  By  mixing 
the  first  two  ingredients  with  separate  portions  of  lard  and 
then  mixing  these  there  is  but  little  danger.  The  iodine  is 
reduced  and  the  ointment  becomes  nearly  white. 

264. 

When  the  salol  is  added  to  the  tincture  of  iron  a  dark- 
green  to  red  mixture  is  produced.  The  salol  is  partially  dis- 
solved., but  is  nearly  all  precipitated  when  the  syrup  is  added^ 


244  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

According  to  the  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia,  with  a  dilute  solution 
of  iron  an  alcoholic  solution  of  salol  gives  a  violet  color, 
while  a  dilute  solution  of  salol  added  to  the  iron  solution 
gives  a  whitish  turbidity. 

265. 

The  tincture  of  iodine  and  the  collodion  mix  without  any- 
trouble  or  any  reduction  of  the  iodine  even  on  standing  for 
several  days.  But  when  the  ammonia  water  is  added  and 
thoroughly  shaken  with  the  mixture  it  coagulates  the  collo- 
<iion,  making  a  thick  liquid,  the  iodine  is  changed  chiefly  to 
ammonium  iodide  and  a  little  ammonium  iodate,  and  there  is 
danger  of  some  explosive  iodide  of  nitrogen  being  formed. 
Adding  water  to  collodion  tends  to  throw  the  pyroxylin  out 
of  solution  and  ammonia  water  has  a  similar  effect.  This  is 
not  so  marked  when  stronger  ammonia  water  is  used.  One 
physician  who  wrote  a  similar  prescription  afterwards  said 
that  he  wanted  and  expected  to  get  the  stronger  water.  This 
prescription  can  be  filled  by  using  the  spirit  of  ammonia.  By 
using  twice  the  amount  of  collodion  the  coagulation  is 
avoided  but  a  deposit  forms  after  a  time. 

266. 

Shaking  the  solution  of  potassium  hydrate  with  the  olive 
oil  gives  a  white  emulsion;  some  soap  is  formed  in  the  reac- 
tion and  this  acts  as  an  emulsifying  agent.  The  compound 
iodine  solution  added  to  this  gives  a  red-brown  mixture,  which 
slowly  loses  its  color,  becoming  white  within  a  few  hours. 
The  iodine  is  partly  changed  by  the  alkali,  forming  an  iodide 
and  an  iodate.  Part  of  the  iodine  combines  with  the  oil  to 
form  a  nearly  colorless  compound  in  which  two  atoms  of  the 
iodine  are  combined  with  one  molecule  of  oleic  acid. 

267. 

This  mixture  makes  a  clear  solution  at  first,  but  soon  com- 
TTiences  to  become  turbid  and  give  a  slight  deposit.    This  is 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


245 


tlue  to  the  action  of  the  ferric  chloride  on  the  cinnamic 
aldehyde  in  the  oil  of  cinnamon  which  is  in  the  water.  The 
arsenic  and  quinine  are  not  precipitated. 

268. 

This  ointment,  which  is  nearly  white  at  first,  soon  becomes 
■darkened  and  ultimately  nearly  black.  The  pyrogallic  acid 
is  oxidized  and  turned  black  by  contact  with  air  and  light. 
It  is  also  oxidized  by  the  mercuric  chloride,  which  is  reduced 
to  metallic  mercury,  while  the  pyrogallic  acid  is  changed  to 
acetic  and  oxalic  acids  (Richter,  695). 

269. 

When  the  first  two  ingredients  are  rubbed  together  a 
liquid  is  produced,  and  this  mixed  with  the  lard  makes  a  very 
thin  ointment  in  warm  weather.  The  prescription  was  filled 
by  replacing  one  half  the  lard  by  that  amount  of  simple 
cerate.  Rubbing  the  ingredients  with  separate  portions  of 
lard  and  then  these  together  seems  not  to  prevent  the  reac- 
tion between  the  exalgin  and  naphthol. 

270. 

The  two  liquids  do  not  mix  to  form  a  clear  solution.  On 
allowing  the  mixture  to  stand  the  oil  rises  to  the  top.  A 
*'  Shake  well  "  label  is  necessary.  The  two  liquids  are  so 
thick  and  viscid  that  the  separation  is  slow. 

271. 

On  adding  a  solution  of  pyrogallol  to  a  solution  of  lead 
•acetate  a  white  precipitate  is  formed,  which  turns  dark  in  a 
few  days,  the  upper  portion  getting  black  much  sooner  than 
the  lower.  The  lead  in  this  prescription  is  not  all  precipi- 
tated. 


246  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

272. 

If  the  oil  is  emulsified  and  then  the  borax  dissolved  in  the 
water  is  added  a  tough  solid  mass  is  formed.  If,  however, 
the  borax  is  dissolved  in  the  syrup  with  a  little  water  and 
then  added  to  the  emulsion  no  trouble  is  experienced.  Sugar 
prevents  the  gelatinizing  effect  of  borax  on  the  acacia. 


273. 

This  prescription  was  filled  by  dissolving  the  salts  in 
separate  portions  of  water  and  then  mixing.  After  a  few 
hours  a  crystalline  precipitate  began  to  appear.  The  strych- 
nine was  liberated  from  the  sulphate  by  the  cyanide  solution, 
which  was  alkaline.  Potassium  cyanide  is  generally  more  or 
less  alkaline,  depending  upon  its  exposure  to  air.  The  car- 
bon dioxide  of  the  air  decomposes  it,  liberating  hydrocyanic 
acid.  After  neutralizing  the  potassium  cyanide  with  sulphuric 
acid  no  precipitation  resulted. 


274. 

While  these  ingredients  make  a  homogeneous  mixture,  on 
allowing  it  to  stand  the  glycerin  separates  out.  By  using 
three  fourths  of  a  dram  of  lanolin  in  place  of  that  much  of 
the  ointment,  and  rubbing  with  it  the  glycerin  and  borax  and 
then  the  ointment,  an  excellent  mass  is  formed,  from  which, 
the  glycerin  does  not  separate. 

275. 

The  two  salts  were  dissolved  in  separate  portions  of  the 
syrup  and  then  mixed.  A  turbidity  resulted,  and  on  filtering 
out  the  white  precipitate  and  adding  ammonia  to  it  it  was 
darkened,  indicating  calomel.  The  tartar  emetic  reduces  the 
mercuric  chloride  to  mercurous  chloride  (M.  &  M.,  iv.  643). 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  247 

276. 

Codeine  is  strongly  basic  and  liberates  ammonia  from  a 
solution  of  ammonium  chloride.  This  can  be  readily  proved 
by  suspending  wet  red  litmus  paper  in  the  bottle  over  the 
liquid.  The  National  Dispensatory  (p.  515)  says  that  codeine 
also  liberates  morphine  from  its  salt,  so  that  in  the  presence 
of  the  ammonia  which  is  formed  in  this  prescription  there  is 
some  danger  of  the  morphine  being  precipitated.  A  slight 
precipitate  makes  its  appearance  after  some  hours  and  grad- 
ually increases,  but  the  morphine  is  not  nearly  all  thrown 
out  of  solution.  A  salt  of  codeine,  as  the  sulphate,  should  be 
used. 

277. 

When  lime  and  sulphur  are  boiled  together  a  red  solution 
is  formed.  The  calcium  and  sulphur  unite  to  form  calcium 
thiosulphate  and  calcium  disulphide  or  pentasulphide,  de- 
pending on  the  proportions.  This  is  the  first  reaction  in 
making  the  official  precipitated  sulphur. 

278. 

If  the  lime  water  is  added  to  the  solution  of  lead  sub- 
acetate  the  lead  is  partially  precipitated  as  lead  hydrate,  the 
amount  increasing  on  standing.  By  adding  the  glycerin  to 
the  lead  solution  first  the  lime  water  causes  no  precipitation. 
The  zinc  oxide  is  insoluble  and  quickly  settles  to  the  bottom. 

279. 

There  is  some  danger  of  causing  an  explosion  in  mixing 
these  two  chemicals.  Even  on  mixing  them  in  smaller 
amounts  the  chemical  reaction  is  quite  violent.  There  are 
white  fumes  given  ofT  and  the  mixture  is  turned  brown.  The 
odor  of  chlorine  is  soon  lost.  Chlorine  oxidizes  glycerin  to 
oxalic  and  carbonic  acids  with  intermediate  products. 


248  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

280. 

Potassium  acetate  is  very  hygroscopic  and  soon  liquefies 
on  exposure.  It  is  necessary  to  use  some  absorbent  powder 
as  althea  and  then  to  wrap  in  parchment  or  oiled  paper.  If 
the  atmosphere  is  damp  it  may  be  best  to  dispense  the  pow- 
ders in  a  bottle. 

281. 

Potassium  permanganate  oxidizes  salicyhc  acid  to  formic 
acid  and  carbon  dioxide  and  oxidizes  the  ferrous  sulphate  to 
ferric  sulphate,  while  it  is  itself  precipitated  as  manganese 
dioxide.  There  not  being  enough  of  acid  to  combine  with 
all  of  the  ferric  iron,  part  of  it  is  precipitated  as  a  red- 
brown  basic  ferric  salt,  which  with  the  black  manganese 
dioxide  makes  a  dark-brown  mixture.  When  the  solid  matter 
settles  there  is  left  a  violet-colored  supernatant  liquid.  The 
violet  color  is  due  to  the  formation  of  ferric  salicylate.  There 
is  not  enough  of  permanganate  to  oxidize  all  of  the  salicylic 
acid  or  all  of  the  ferrous  sulphate. 

282. 

The  quinine  sulphate  was  dissolved  in  the  tincture  of  iron> 
giving  a  dark-red  solution.  The  syrup  of  ginger  was  next 
added  and  lastly  the  ammoniated  tincture  of  guaiac,  the  first 
few  drops  of  which  gave  a  green  color,  that  had  changed  to 
blue  by  the  time  all  of  the  tincture  was  added.  On  standing 
a  few  minutes  it  had  changed  back  to  a  blue-green,  and  then 
green,  and  in  a  few  hours  to  a  dark  brown.  Guaiac  with  ferric 
chloride  or  other  oxidizing  agent  gives  a  blue  color.  The 
resinous  matter  of  the  guaiac  and  also  the  oils  of  the  aromatic 
spirit  of  ammonia  (the  menstruum  used  in  making  the  tinc- 
ture) were  precipitated  by  the  syrup.  The  ammonia  and 
ammonium  carbonate  precipitate  the  quinine  and  also  the 
iron;  the  ferric  hydrate  is  somewhat  soluble  in  syrup,  but  in 
this  case  the  syrup  is  too  much  diluted  by  the  tinctures  to 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


249 


keep  all  of  the  iron  in  solution.  The  precipitated  matter  is 
bulky  and  rather  gelatinous,  but  the  mixture  can  be  dispensed 
with  a  "  Shake  well  "  label. 

283. 

Potassium  permanganate  oxidizes  quinine  sulphate  to 
pyridin  tricarboxylic  acid,  oxalic  acid,  and  ammonia  (M. 
&  M.,  IV.  375).  It  also  oxidizes  the  iron.  When  the  per- 
manganate and  the  iron  are  rubbed  together  a  detonation 
takes  place.  The  excipient  should  be  one  that  will  not  reduce 
the  permanganate,  and  it  should  also  protect  the  other  in- 
gredients; a  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  paraffin,  petrolatum, 
and  kaolin  is  a  good  one,  or  resin  cerate  with  althea  may  be 
used. 

284. 

The  strychnine  will  not  dissolve  in  the  glycerin  or  in 
the  water.  The  consent  of  the  prescriber  to  use  strychnine 
sulphate  or  nitrate  (the  nitrate  is  the  more  common  for 
hypodermic  injection)  should  be  obtained.  In  the  absence  of 
the  prescriber  the  nitrate  should  be  dispensed,  notifying  the 
prescriber  of  the  change  at  the  earliest  possible  opportunity. 

285. 

Carbolic  acid  and  thymol  when  triturated  together  form  a 
liquid  which  can  be  mixed  with  the  vaselin  and  cerate,  mak- 
ing a  homogeneous  mass.  On  allowing  it  to  stand  for  a  time 
the  liquid  separates  to  some  extent,  though  hardly  enough 
to  do  any  harm.  This  can  be  prevented  by  using  lanolin  in- 
stead of  petrolatum.  Using  one  half  dram  of  lanolin  for  that 
amount  of  vaselin  does  not  entirely  prevent  the  separation. 

286. 

Sodium  phosphate  precipitates  a  solution  of  lithium 
bromide  as  lithium  phosphate.    There  is  more  sodium  phos- 


250 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


phate  than  the  water  will  dissolve.  Heat  should  not  be  used 
to  aid  the  solution,  since  on  cooling  large  crystals  will  form. 
The  phosphate  should  be  powdered  and  the  cold  water  al- 
lowed to  dissolve  what  it  will.  Even  then  the  part  left  un- 
dissolved may  form  a  crystalline  mass  that  can  be  gotten  out 
of  the  bottJe  only  by  heating. 

287. 

Podophyllin  gives  a  black-brown  color  with  the  tincture 
of  iron  and  nearly  all  is  dissolved  on  warming.  Quinine  sul- 
phate dissolves  in  this  solution,  and  when  the  tincture  of 
rhubarb  is  added  the  tannic  acid  in  it  precipitates  the  quinine, 
and  with  tincture  of  ferric  chloride  gives  the  black  tannate 
of  iron.  The  mixture  is  quite  thick  from  the  precipitated 
matter. 

288. 

When  camphor  and  carbolic  acid  are  brought  together  a 
liquid  results.  In  order  to  avoid  making  any  more  liquid 
than  was  necessary  the  corresponding  amount  of  solid  iodine 
was  used  in  place  of  the  tincture.  The  iodine  dissolved 
readily  in  the  phenol-camphor  liquid  and  then  the  powdered 
lead  acetate  was  added.  Kaolin  was  tried  as  an  absorbent 
excipient,  but  the  amount  required  made  the  pills  entirely  too 
large.  Starch  was  then  used  together  with  some  glucose 
syrup,  so  as  to  form  the  easily  decomposed  iodide  of  starch. 
This  made  the  pills  very  large  and  they  were  finally  put  into 
capsules. 

289. 

This  prescription  made  at  first  a  clear  pale-yellow  solu- 
tion. Within  about  an  hour  crystals  began  to  form  and  by 
the  next  morning  there  was  quite  a  heavy  deposit  of  nearly 
colorless  prismatic  crystals  besides  some  smaller  red-brown 
crvstals.     In  concentrated  solutions  potassium  iodide  pre- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  251 

'cipitates  the  quinine  as  a  double  iodide  which  is  white. 
Citric  acid  liberates  hydriodic  acid  and  this  is  oxidized  by  the 
air  forming  iodine.  The  free  iodine  precipitates  the  quinine, 
giving  red-brown  crystals. 

290. 

Phenacetin  is  only  sparingly  soluble  in  water,  but  more 
soluble  in  alcohol,  although  there  is  not  enough  present  in 
this  prescription  to  dissolve  it  entirely,  and  what  is  dissolved  is 
again  thrown  out  of  solution  on  adding  the  water.  Heating 
the  phenacetin  with  the  tincture  causes  solution  to  take  place, 
giving  a  dark-red  color.  On  adding  water  the  color  is  de- 
stroyed and  the  phenacetin  is  precipitated.  The  best  way 
to  fill  this  prescription  is  to  powder  the  phenacetin,  mix  with 
a  little  acacia,  and  add  the  water  and  lastly  the  tincture  of 
iron.  Filled  in  this  way  the  phenacetin  is  in  a  finer  powder 
than  when  it  is  first  dissolved  in  the  tincture. 

291. 

The  sodium  salicylate  and  benzoate  and  the  carbolic  acid 
were  dissolved  in  the  lime  water,  making  a  nearly  clear  color- 
less solution,  and  then  the  tannic  acid  was  added.  A  blue- 
white  precipitate  was  formed,  due  to  the  reaction  between 
the  tannic  acid  and  lime  water.  The  precipitate  afterwards 
slowly  turned  to  a  dirty-yellow  color. 

292. 

This  gave  a  clear  solution  at  first  but  a  turbidity  was 
noticed  within  an  hour  and  by  the  next  morning  the  bottom 
of  the  bottle  was  covered  with  a  white  precipitate  which  re- 
sponded to  the  tests  for  calomel.  Mercuric  chloride  is  slowly 
reduced  to  calomel  by  alcohol  (M.  &  M.,  i.  98).  This  does 
not  explain  the  ready  reduction  that  occurs,  and  the  writer 
is  inclined  to  think  that  the  nitrous  ether  or  acid  has  some 
effect,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  some  writers  say  that 


252  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

nitrous  acid  does  not  reduce  mercuric  salts.     (See  P.  &  J.^ 
203.) 

293. 

The  solution  of  morphine  contains  some  free  hydrochloric 
acid,  which  reacts  with  the  potassium  chlorate,  with  the  for- 
mation of  a  very  small  amount  of  chlorine.  The  chlorine  oxi- 
dizes a  portion  of  the  morphine,  giving  a  pale-brown  solution. 
By  dissolving  the  chlorate  in  the  water  and  diluting  the  solu- 
tion of  the  morphine  with  the  syrup  and  then  mixing,  scarcely 
any  coloration  is  produced,  and  none  when  the  free  acid  is 
neutralized. 


294. 

The  mercuric  chloride  reacts  with  the  hydriodic  acid^ 
forming  the  red  iodide  of  mercury,  and  then  this  combines 
with  more  hydriodic  acid  to  form  a  soluble  double  compound 
which  precipitates  the  cinchona  alkaloids.  Extractive  matter 
in  the  fluid  extract  is  also  precipitated  by  the  water  in  the 
syrups  and  solution.  There  is  such  a  small  amount  of  mer- 
cury precipitated  that  the  mixture  is  not  a  dangerous  one.. 
It  should  be  dispensed  with  a  "  Shake  well "  label. 


295. 

Adding  the  tincture  to  the  syrup  produces  a  gelatinous 
precipitate  which  dissolves  on  adding  the  acid.  The  precipi- 
tate is  ferric  hypophosphite  which  is  decomposed  by  the  phos- 
phoric acid  forming  ferric  phosphate  which  is  soluble  in 
excess  of  acid.  If  the  prescriber  had  used  hydrochloric  acid 
instead  of  the  phosphoric  the  precipitate  would  have  not  dis- 
solved, the  iron  having  a  stronger  affinity  for  the  hypophos- 
phorous  acid  than  for  hydrochloric  but  less  than  for  the 
phosphoric. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  253 

296. 

The  syrup  of  iodide  of  iron  frequently  contains  some  free 
iodine,  which  would  precipitate  the  quinine.  By  warming  the 
two  syrups  the  iodine  is  reduced  by  the  hypophosphorous  acid 
in  the  syrup  of  hypophosphites.  When  quinine  sulphate  dis- 
solved in  the  phosphoric  acid  is  added  to  the  mixed  syrups 
a  white  amorphous  precipitate  is  formed  which  is  probably 
calcium  sulphate.  Some  of  the  quinine  is  also  precipitated 
on  allowing  the  mixture  to  stand. 

297. 

By  dissolving  the  morphine  in  a  little  water  and  adding  it 
to  the  tincture  of  iron  a  blue  solution  is  formed  which  quickly 
turns  green.  When  the  calcium  hypophosphite,  dissolved  in 
the  water  and  syrup,  is  added  a  white  precipitate  of  ferric 
hypophosphite  is  thrown  down.  The  color  of  the  solution  is 
nearly  but  not  entirely  destroyed.  By  adding  the  morphine 
dissolved  in  water  to  the  mixture  of  other  ingredients  no 
coloration  is  produced,  and  this  is  the  method  that  should 
be  followed,  as  the  morphine  is  not  decomposed  by  the  iron 
hypophosphite.  The  precipitate  of  ferric  hypophosphite  can 
be  dissolved  by  adding  some  potassium  citrate  to  the  moist 
magma.  A  better  method  of  filling  is  to  use  the  tincture  citro- 
chloride  of  iron  of  the  National  Formulary  instead  of  the 
official  tincture  of  iron,  the  two  tinctures  having  the  same 
iron  strength.  By  using  it  no  precipitation  takes  place  for 
several  days  at  least. 

298. 

The  doses  of  the  first  two  ingredients  are  too  large.  The 
rrraximum  dose  of  mercuric  chloride  is  about  Ve  of  a  grain 
and  of  sodium  arsenate  about  ^/g  of  a  grain.  The  prescription 
should  not  be  dispensed  without  first  consulting  the  pre- 
scriber.    Should  it  be  filled  the  potassium  carbonate  will  react 


254  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

with  the  strychnine,  the  mercury,  and  the  iron  salts,  but  the 
activity  is  not  increased. 

299. 

The  soap  acts  as  an  emulsifying  and  solidifying  agent  and 
the  consistency  of  this  mixture  is  about  that  of  lard.  Soap 
is  nearly  always  alkaline  and  acts  on  the  calomel,  producing 
the  black  mercurous  oxide.  This  explains  why  the  mixture 
slowly  turns  dark. 

300. 

This  prescription  was  filled  by  dissolving  the  quinine  sul- 
phate in  a  portion  of  the  water  with  the  aid  of  the  acid;  the 
potassium  iodide  dissolved  in  the  balance  of  the  water  was 
added  and  lastly  the  sodium  arsenate  solution.  The  solution 
was  clear  and  of  a  pale-yellow  color.  Within  five  minutes 
precipitation  had  commenced,  and  in  less  than  fifteen  minutes 
there  was  quite  a  heavy  purple-red  precipitate.  Within  a 
few  hours  a  solid  mass  had  formed  which  was  of  a  purple- 
chocolate  color.  Sodium  arsenate  in  the  presence  of  an  in- 
organic acid  oxidizes  potassium  iodide,  liberating  iodine,  and 
this  precipitates  the  quinine. 

301. 

If  the  directions  to  use  enough  of  the  extract  of  gly- 
cyrrhiza  to  make  a  pill-mass  be  followed,  the  pills  will  be  en- 
tirely too  large.  The  best  way  is  to  melt  one  gram  of  beeswax, 
add  the  balsam  and  stir  till  the  mixture  is  cool.  Then  use 
enough  of  powdered  liquorice  root  to  make  the  mass.  Some 
would  prefer  to  make  twice  the  number  of  pills  and  double 
the  dose. 

302. 

It  is  impossible  for  the  dispenser  to  tell  what  the  pre- 
scriber  wanted.     "  Hvd."  mav  stand  for  hvdrochloric,  hvdro- 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


255 


bromic,  hydriodic,  or  hydrocyanic.  From  the  directions  to 
the  patient  to  take  after  meals  probably  hydrochloric  was 
what  was  intended,  but  it  would  be  necessary  to  consult  the 
physician. 

303. 

By  rubbing  the  powdered  tragacanth  with  the  petrolatum, 
then  adding  the  glycerin  and  zinc  oxide,  a  comparatively 
smooth  ointment  can  be  made,  but  the  glycerin  separates  on 
standing.  The  glycerin  and  tragacanth  should  be  heated 
together,  with  the  addition  of  a  little  water  if  necessary,  so  as 
to  make  a  glycerite  of  tragacanth,  and  then  mixing  this  with 
the  other  ingredients  a  smooth  permanent  ointment  can  be 
made. 

304. 

Potassium  iodide  is  deliquescent  in  moist  air,  and  on  pow- 
dering, even  in  the  ordinary  atmosphere,  it  becomes  damp. 
It  may  be  necessary  to  add  some  absorbing-powder.  The 
powders  should  be  dispensed  in  paraffin  or  wax  paper. 

305. 

In  making  ointments  the  medicinal  ingredients  must  be  in 
the  form  of  a  fine  powder,  soft  solid,  or  solution.  Iodine  is 
powdered  with  difficulty.  It  might  be  dissolved  in  alcohol 
and  this  solution  added  to  the  lard.  The  U.  S.  Pharma- 
copoeia directs  that  it  be  dissolved  in  an  aqueous  solution  of 
potassium  iodide,  using  one  fourth  as  much  potassium  iodide 
as  iodine  and  twice  as  much  water  as  iodide.  Lard  will  hold 
nearly  10  per  cent,  of  its  weight  of  water. 

306. 

This  was  filled  by  dissolving  the  quinine  in  a  little  water 
with  the  aid  of  the  acid,  adding  the  syrup,  and  lastly  the 
potassium  chlorate  dissolved  in  the  water.    The  solution  was. 


256  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

clear  and  nearly  colorless  at  first,  but  in  a  few  minutes  a  red- 
brown  precipitate  began  to  form  and  increased  until  the  mix- 
ture was  quite  thick.  Sulphuric  acid  liberates  chloric  acid 
from  the  potassium  chlorate,  and  this  oxidizes  the  ferrous 
iodide,  liberating  iodine,  which  precipitates  the  quinine. 

307. 

Phenacetin  requires  1400  parts  of  water  or  6  parts  of  alco- 
"hol  for  solution.  In  filling  this  prescription  the  phenacetin 
can  be  dissolved  in  the  tincture  and  spirit,  but  on  adding  the 
syrup  and  water  nearly  all  of  it  will  be  thrown  out  of  solu- 
tion. A  better  mixture  would  be  made  by  powdering  the 
phenacetin  with  about  two  drams  of  acacia,  then  adding  the 
syrup  and  part  of  the  water,  and  lastly  the  tincture  and  spirit 
■diluted  with  the  balance  of  the  water. 

308. 

An  absorbent  excipient  is  necessary  in  order  to  make  a 
pill-mass.  To  use  a  powder  like  liquorice  root  or  althea  would 
make  the  pills  too  large.  Freshly  calcined  magnesia  dampened 
with  a  little  water  is  the  best,  as  it  is  only  necessary  to  use 
six  or  eight  grains.  The  magnesia  combines  with  the  copaibic 
acid  in  the  balsam  to  form  a  solid  mass;  a  little  water  aids 
the  reaction  and  it  may  be  necessary  to  use  the  heat  of  a 
water-bath.    A  little  drying  powder  will  still  be  required. 

309. 

With  bismuth  subnitrate  salicylic  acid  forms  a  series  of 
nitrosalicylates  of  bismuth,  varying  in  color  from  a  white  to  a 
reddish  orange.  This  mixture  gives  a  faint  pink  color  after 
standing  for  a  time. 

310. 

Chloral  hydrate  rubbed  with  phenacetin  gives  a  liquid,  a 
sticky  mass  is  also  obtained  when  chloral  hydrate  is  rubbed 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


257 


■with  quinine  sulphate.  A  large  amount  of  an  absorbent  pow- 
der would  be  necessary  to  make  this  liquid  into  a  mass,  and 
the  capsules  would  necessarily  be  very  large. 

311. 

The  alcohol  in  the  tincture  is  without  any  therapeutical 
value  in  this  case,  and  only  makes  the  pill-mass  too  soft.  The 
■alcohol  should  be  evaporated  before  mixing  with  the  other 
ingredients  unless  the  extract  of  jalap  has  become  dry  and 
hard,  in  which  case  it  can  be  used  to  soften  the  extract  and 
then  evaporated. 

312. 

Twenty  grains  of  salicylic  acid  require  nearly  nineteen 
fluid  ounces  of  water  for  solution,  but  in  this  case  the  acid 
combines  with  the  calcium  hydrate  to  form  a  soluble  calcium 
salicylate.    The  solution  is  clear  and  slightly  acid. 

313. 

When  the  acetanilid  is  added  directly  to  the  tincture  of 
iron  and  heated  it  makes  a  deep-red  clear  solution.  On 
adding  the  water  the  acetanilid  is  precipitated  and  the  color 
changed  back  to  that  of  diluted  tincture  of  iron.  A  better 
mixture  can  be  made  by  powdering  the  acetanilid  first,  mixing 
with  water  and  acacia  or  tragacanth,  then  adding  the  tincture 
of  iron  highly  diluted  with  water.  The  tincture  of  iron,  unless 
diluted  with  water,  has  a  tendency  to  coagulate  acacia.     [See 

ACETANILIDUM,  No.  2.] 

314. 

The  hydrogen  dioxide  oxidizes  the  ferrous  iron  to  a  ferric 
salt  and  the  glycerin  to  glyceric,  oxalic,  and  tartaric  acids, 
and  in  an  acid  solution  reduces  the  bichromate  to  a  green 
chromic  salt.  The  hydrogen  dioxide  usually  contains  some 
sulphuric  acid,  which  is  left  in  to  preserve  it.    In  the  presence 


258  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

of  free  acid  the  bichromate  oxidizes  the  ferrous  sulphate  and 
the  glycerin.  This  prescription  gives  a  heavy  brown  precipi- 
tate, probably  of  a  basic  ferric  salt. 

315. 

So  long  as  this  mixture  is  kept  from  the  light  it  does  not 
change  in  color,  but  on  exposure  to  direct  sunlight  for  a  few 
hours,  or  to  diffused  light  for  a  longer  period,  it  acquires  a 
red  color.  This  is  due  to  the  decomposition  of  iodoform, 
liberating  iodine,  and  the  iodine  combines  with  and  oxidizes 
the  calomel,  forming  mercuric  iodide. 

316. 

The  trouble  with  this  prescription  is  that  the  water  breaks 
up  the  boroglycerin,  liberating  boric  acid.  Boric  acid  requires 
about  25  parts  of  water  for  solution,  and  there  is  not  enough 
to  dissolve  it.  By  replacing  one  half  of  the  water  with  glyc- 
erin no  precipitation  results. 

317. 

The  salicylic  acid  is  not  soluble  in  the  water  and  glycerin; 
it  requires  450  parts  of  water  for  solution,  and,  according  to 
the  U.  S.  D.  (p.  84),  by  careful  heating  it  will  dissolve  in 
50  parts  of  glycerin.  If  the  acid  is  dissolved  in  the  glycerin 
with  the  aid  of  heat  and  ihe  tincture  then  added  a  clear  solu- 
tion results,  but  on  adding  the  water  a  bulky  crystalline  pre- 
cipitate comes  down.  A  better  method  of  filling  is  to  rub  the 
acid  with  the  glycerin  and  water  and  then  add  the  tincture. 
Free  iodine  reacts  with  salicylic  acid,  giving  mono-,  di-,  and 
tri-iodobenzoic  acids  and  tri-iodophenol  (M.  &  M.,  iii.  680). 
All  of  the  iodine  is  not  changed. 

318. 

The  citrate  of  iron  and  quinine  was  dissolved  in  a  part  of 
the  wine,  making  a  clear  acid  solution.     To  this  was  added 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


259 


the  carbolic  acid  dissolved  in  the  balance  of  the  wine.  A 
light-yellow  sticky  precipitate  was  formed.  The  composition 
of  the  precipitate  was  not  determined,  but  on  testing  it 
quinine  was  proved  to  be  present.  Moreover,  when  iron 
citrate  is  used  instead  of  the  iron  and  quinine  citrate  no  pre- 
cipitation occurs.  The  precipitate  is  not  dissolved  by  the 
further  addition  of  the  tincture,  neither  is  precipitation  pre- 
vented by  adding  a  little  dilute  sulphuric  acid.  The  tinc- 
ture darkens  the  mixture  a  little  and  slightly  increases  the 
turbidity. 

319. 

Diuretin  is  sodium-theobromine  salicylate  and  is  readily 
soluble  in  water.  Acids  decompose  it,  with  the  precipitation 
of  the  theobromine.  Theobromine  differs  from  many  alka- 
loids in  that  it  does  not  readily  combine  with  acids.  In  this 
prescription  the  diuretin  was  dissolved  in  the  syrup,  and  then 
the  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  added,  and  lastly  the  tincture  of 
iron.  When  the  iron  is  added  a  very  deep  violet  color  is 
produced,  due  to  the  formation  of  ferric  salicylate,  and  on 
allowing  the  mixture  to  stand  a  few  hours  a  white  precipitate 
falls;  the  acids  in  the  tincture  and  spirit  liberate  the 
theobromine. 

320. 

Quinine  sulphate  makes  a  sticky  mass  when  rubbed  with 
the  chloral  hydrate;  the  antipyrin  and  the  chloral  form  a  mass 
on  being  triturated  together.  Even  if  the  ingredients  a:e 
powdered  separately  and  mixed  lightly,  the  mixture  becomes 
sticky.  By  the  use  of  a  Httle  drying-powder  it  can  be  put 
into  capsules. 

321. 

The  pilocarpine  differs  from  many  alkaloids  in  that  it  is 
soluble  in  water.    The  hydrochloride  is  used  much  more  fre- 


26o  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

quently  than  the  free  alkaloid.  The  terpin  hydrate  requires 
about  250  parts  of  water  for  solution;  consequently  only  a 
small  portion  of  it  will  be  dissolved.  A  '*  Shake  "  label  is 
necessary.  A  more  elegant  preparation  would  be  made  by 
•emulsifying  it. 

322. 

The  potassium  bicarbonate  precipitates  the  ferr6us  iodide 
as  ferrous  carbonate.  If  the  iron  salt  is  purely  ferrous  the 
carbonate  will  be  white,  but  it  oxidizes  in  the  air,  becoming 
green  and  after  some  time  yellow-brown,  forming  a  ferric 
oxide.  A  little  cai'bon  dioxide  is  given  off.  In  the  alkaline 
mixture  the  iron  does  not  oxidize  the  iodide. 

323. 

An  absorbent  powder  will  be  necessary  to  make  a  mass 
that  can  be  put  into  capsules.  When  pyrocatechin  is  rubbed 
with  acetanilid  or  phenacetin  a  liquid  results.  Acetanilid  and 
phenacetin  do  not  liquefy. 

324. 

This  combination  has  perhaps  caused  more  trouble  than 
almost  any  other  one  prescription.  The  U.  S.  P.  phosphate 
of  iron  may  be  a  double  compound  of  sodio-ferric  citro-phos- 
phate  or  it  may  be  a  mixture  of  ferric  phosphate  and  sodium 
citrate.  If  it  is  the  double  compound  (and  there  are  reasons 
for  thinking  that  it  is)  the  phosphoric  acid  decomposes  it,  pre- 
cipitating the  phosphate  of  iron.  If  it  is  a  mixture  the  ex- 
planation given  is  that  the  sodium  citrate  is  readily  soluble 
in  water  and  an  aqueous  solution  of  it  is  a  good  solvent  for 
the  ferric  phosphate.  Now  when  phosphoric  acid  is  added 
it  is  supposed  that  the  sodium  citrate  is  decomposed,  form- 
ing sodium  phosphate  and  citric  acid;  the  ferric  phosphate, 
being  no  longer  soluble  in  this  solution,  is  precipitated.  This 
difficulty   can   be   overcome   by   using   strictly   pure   dilute 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  261 

inetaphosphoric  acid  (known  also  as  glacial  phosphoric  acid) 
in  place  of  the  official  orthophosphoric  acid.  A  solution  of 
metaphosphoric  acid  changes  in  time,  forming  some  ortho- 
phosphoric  acid,  and  if  the  meta-acid  contain  some  of  the 
ortho-variety  a  precipitation  will  occur.  The  dispenser  must 
decide  for  himself  as  to  the  substitution  proposed.  There  is 
sometimes,  however,  another  difficulty  present  in  this  com- 
bination of  ingredients.  When  quinine  sulphate  is  present  in 
a  much  larger  proportion  than  two  grains  to  the  dram  a  pre- 
cipitation of  the  quinine  by  the  ortho-  or  the  meta-acid  takes 
place,  and  there  seems  to  be  no  way  to  make  a  permanent 
solution.  There  is  always  some  objection  to  dispensing  a 
*'  Shake  "  mixture  when  it  contains  such  an  active  agent  as 
strychnine. 

325. 

In  a  neutral  solution  potassium  iodide  does  not  react  with 
the  tartrate  of  iron  and  potassium,  but  in  the  presence  of  the 
sulphuric  acid  the  ferric  salt  oxidizes  the  iodide,  liberating 
iodine.  This  iodine  then  combines  with  the  quinine  to  form 
an  insoluble  compound.  A  "  Shake  well  "  label  is  necessary. 
If  there  were  much  more  free  iodine  than  would  combine 
with  the  quinine  the  prescription  should  not  be  dispensed. 


326. 


The  quinine  sulphate  was  dissolved  in  the  tincture  of  iron 
and  a  portion  of  the  elixir  added.  The  strychnine  sulphate 
was  dissolved  in  the  balance  of  the  elixir  and  added  to  the 
iron  solution  and  the  phosphoric  acid  added  last.  Adding 
the  acid  causes  the  formation  of  a  nearly  white  precipitate 
which  is  phosphate  of  iron.  If  water  is  used  in  place  of  the 
elixir  no  precipitation  results.  The  phosphate  of  iron  is  in- 
soluble in  water  but  souble  in  acidulated  water,  and  it  is 
thrown  out  of  solution  by  the  alcohol  in  the  elixir. 


262  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

327. 

This  prescription  was  filled  by  rubbing  the  mercury  with 
the  iodine,  then  adding  the  glycerin,  and  lastly  the  tannic  acid. 
Reaction  takes  place  between  the  mercury  and  iodine,  form- 
ing mercurous  iodide  and  then  mercuric  iodide.  Tannic  acid 
reduces  the  iodine  to  hydriodic  acid.  Considerable  red 
iodide  of  mercury  is  precipitated,  although  some  is  probably 
dissolved.  This  prescription  is  given  in  one  of  the  standard 
works  on  therapeutics. 

328. 

The  arsenite  in  alkaline  solution  reduces  the  iodine  to  an 
iodide  while  the  arsenite  becomes  an  arsenate.  About  one 
eighth  of  the  iodine  is  reduced. 

329. 

This  mixture  if  kept  perfectly  dry  will  not  change  in  color, 
but  pepsin  is  frequently  hygroscopic  and  absorbs  moisture  in 
sufficient  amount  to  enable  a  reaction  to  take  place  between 
the  calomel  and  sodium  bromide,  causing  the  powder  to  turn 
black.  Sodium  bromide  in  the  presence  of  moisture  breaks 
up  calomel,  forming  a  mercuric  compound  and  metallic  mer- 
cury, the  latter  giving  the  dark  color.  Theoretically  one  half 
of  the  calomel  goes  to  form  mercuric  chloride,  and  if  this 
is  really  so  there  would  be  about  one  fourth  of  a  grain  of  mer- 
curic chloride  to  the  dose  which  would  be  dangerous. 

330. 

Sodium  bicarbonate  is  used  in  making  the  solution  of 
saccharin,  and  while  this  solution  makes  a  clear  one  with  the 
strychnine  at  first  yet  on  standing  overnight  the  strychnine 
is  precipitated.  There  is  not  enough  of  alcohol  in  the  sac- 
charin solution  to  prevent  it.  The  strychnine  frequently  ad- 
heres to  the  sides  of  the  bottle,  but  may  be  loose,  and  in  that 
case  an  overdose  is  liable  to  be  taken. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  263 

331. 

The  glycerite  of  boroglycerin  which  is  called  for  can  be 
mixed  with  the  vaselin,  but  it  separates  on  standing.  Using 
lanolin  in  place  of  vaselin  no  separation  occurs. 

332. 

The  organic  matter  in  the  infusion  changes  the  iodine  so 
that  it  no  longer  gives  a  test  with  starch.  The  benefit  derived 
from  the  iodine  is  questionable. 

333. 

The  glycerin  was  added  to  the  tincture  of  myrrh,  then  the 
solution  of  potassium  chlorate  in  small  amounts  with  con- 
tinued shaking,  and  the  tincture  of  iron  last.  Tincture  of 
iron  gives  a  dark  green-brown  color  with  tincture  of  myrrh. 
Water  precipitates  the  resinous  matter  from  the  tincture  of 
myrrh,  and  it  forms  in  masses  that  cannot  be  evenly  sus- 
pended. It  seems  to  make  but  little  difference  whether  the 
alcoholic  mixture  is  added  to  the  aqueous  or  the  aqueous  to 
the  alcoholic.  By  using  honey  instead  of  glycerin  the  resin 
is  separated  but  does  not  form  masses,  consequently  it  can  be 
€venly  distributed  through  the  liquid. 

334. 

The  fluid  extracts  and  elixir  are  sufBciently  acid  so  that 
chemical  reaction  takes  place  between  the  potassium  nitrite 
and  the  organic  matter.  Considerable  effervescence  ensues 
and  continues  for  some  time.  Oxides  of  nitrogen  are  given 
off.  A  slight  precipitate  forms  on  standing.  Probably  much 
of  the  physiological  activity  of  the  mixture  is  destroyed  by 
the  chemical  reaction. 

335. 

A  mixture  of  these  ingredients  quite  quickly  separates 
into  two  layers,  the  lower  one  being  about  one  fourth  the 


264  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

total  volume.  There  is  not  sufficient  alcohol  to  dissolve  the 
other  liquids.  There  is  no  effervescence  at  first,  but  if  the 
bottle  is  tightly  corked  it  may  be  burst  by  the  gas  which  is 
slowly  evolved.    The  liquid  becomes  red-brown  on  standing. 

336. 

A  clear  solution  was  obtained  which  had  at  first  a  dark 
violet  color.  The  color  soon  changed  to  brown,  and  in  a 
few  hours  a  dark-brown  precipitate  began  to  form.  The 
amount  of  precipitate  continued  to  increase  for  some  time. 
It  was  filtered  out,  thoroughly  washed  with  water,  and  heated 
with  water  acidulated  with  hydrochloric  acid;  part  went  into 
solution  and  part  remained  undissolved.  The  filtrate  showed 
the  presence  of  iron.  The  part  left  undissolved  is  probably 
some  oxidation  product  of  carbolic  acid,  produced  by  the 
chlorine  liberated  by  the  acid  in  the  tincture  acting  on  the 
potassium  chlorate. 

337. 

The  color  of  this  mixture  is  brown  at  first,  due  to  the  free 
iodine.  The  iodine  soon  combines  with  the  free  oleic  acid., 
forming  addition  products  which  are  nearly  colorless. 

338. 

There  is  a  sufficient  amount  of  water  to  dissolve  the  potas- 
sium salts  and  the  solution  remains  clear  for  a  time  after  the 
spirit  is  added.  It  is  not  long,  however,  before  crystals  begin 
to  separate.  The  alcohol  in  the  spirit  throws  the  potassium 
chlorate  out  of  solution. 

339. 

When  the  two  prescriptions  are  mixed  in  the  proportion^ 
as  directed  the  result  is  almost  a  mass.  Reaction  takes  place 
between  silver  nitrate  and  potassium  iodide,  forming  the  in- 
soluble silver  iodide.    It  is  customary  to  filter  all  preparations 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS.  265; 

intended  to  be  dropped  into  the  eyes,  but  in  this  case  the  pre- 
scriber  wanted  the  solid  matter  left  in.  The  solution  marked 
No.  I,  containing. silver  nitrate,  began  to  darken  within  an 
hour,  due  to  the  reduction  of  silver.  This  reduction  con- 
tinued for  some  time.  Solution  No.  2  turned  yellow  in  a 
few  days. 

340. 

The  alkaloid  morphine  is  liberated  and  is  dissolved  to 
some  extent  by  the  chloroform.  Only  a  small  part  of  the 
chloroform  is  dissolved  'by  the  water,  the  remaining  part  goes 
to  the  bottom.  The  oils  liberated  from  the  aromatic  spirit  by 
water  are  dissolved  in  the  chloroform.  This  prescription  was 
dispensed  with  a  "  Shake  well  "  label. 

341. 

Filled  as  directed  this  prescription  gives  a  nearly  colorless 
mixture  which  does  not  give  a  test  for  free  iodine.  On  stand- 
ing two  layers  are  formed,  the  upper  being  about  one  third 
of  the  volume  of  the  lower.  The  upper  layer  consists  chiefly 
of  turpentine,  while  the  lower  consists  of  the  alcohol  contain- 
ing some  oil  of  turpentine  and  an  iodide  of  mercury.  Leav- 
ing out  either  the  turpentine  or  mercuric  chloride,  the  iodine 
is  not  all  reduced.  If  the  mercuric  chloride  is  left  out  the 
lower  layer  is  smaller  in  volume  and  is  nearly  colorless,  while 
the  upper  one  is  chiefly  alcohol  containing  free  iodine.  The 
turpentine  is  the  principal  factor  in  reducing  the  iodine.  The 
mercuric  chloride  perhaps  acts  as  a  carrier  or  acts  by  break- 
ing up  the  compound  which  iodine  forms  with  the  oil,  thereby 
allowing  the  oil  to  combine  with  more  iodine. 

342. 

The  sodium  bromide  and  antipyrin  were  dissolved  in 
syrup  of  lemon  and  a  part  of  the  water  and  the  chloral  hydrate 
in  the  balance  of  the  water.    The  two  solutions  were  mixed 


366  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

and  a  turbidity  was  produced.  On  allowing  the  mixture  to 
stand  it  separated  into  two  layers,  the  lower  being  small  in 
volume,  yellow  brown,  and  of  an  oily  nature,  and  was  prob- 
ably a  compound  of  antipyrin  and  chloral  hydrate. 

343. 

Although  a  clear  solution  is  produced  at  first,  within  a 
few  minutes  a  crystalline  precipitate  begins  to  form. 
Piperazin  is  quite  strongly  alkaline  and  causes  a  precipitation 
of  the  strychnine.  As  written  this  should  be  considered  a 
dangerous  combination.  The  difficulty  can  be  remedied  by 
neutralizing  the  piperazin  solution  with  dilute  sulphuric  acid. 

344. 

When  chloral  hydrate  and  ammonol  are  rubbed  together 
a  liquid  is  produced.  The  prescription  was  filled  by  massing 
with  powdered  liquorice  root.  In  such  a  case  it  is  preferable 
to  use  a  white  absorbent  powder. 

345. 

A  mixture  of  these  ingredients  makes  a  clear  colorless 
solution  at  first.  Antipyrin  destroys  the  fluorescence  of  quin- 
ine sulphate.  A  white  amorphous  precipitate  forms  in  a  day 
or  two  and  increases  in  amount  for  some  time.  If  the  pre- 
scription is  filled,  using  distilled  water  instead  of  cinnamon 
"water,  no  precipitation  results.  The  trouble  seems  to  be 
due  to  antipyrin,  sulphuric  acid,  and  cinnamon  water,  since 
a  mixture  of  any  two  or  three  ingredients  of  the  prescription 
other  than  the  combination  mentioned  does  not  precipitate. 

346. 

Trional  and  salol  produce  a  soft  mass  when  rubbed  to- 
;gether,  and  a  drying  powder  is  necessary. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN   PRESCRIPTIONS.  267 

347. 

This  prescription  was  filled  by  mixing  the  first  four  in- 
gredients and  putting  into  capsules  and  then  dropping  in 
the  tincture.  The  next  day  the  box  in  which  the  capsules 
were  dispensed  was  brought  back,  the  capsules  had  been  dis- 
solved. Sodium  bromide  attracts  moisture  from  the  atmos- 
phere. Antipyrin  with  caffeine  citrate  makes  a  mixture  that 
forms  a  sticky  mass  on  standing  a  few  hours.  A  mixture  of 
all  the  ingredients  makes  a  damp  powder  at  first,  but  in  a 
few  hours  it  becomes  almost  liquid.  A  large  amount  of  dry- 
ing powder  is  necessary. 

348. 

The  bottle  containing  this  mixture  should  not  be  stop- 
pered tightly  or  it  may  be  burst.  Infusion  of  digitalis  is  acid 
in  reaction  and  slowly  liberates  carbon  dioxide  gas  from  am- 
monium carbonate. 

349. 

There  is  a  sufificient  amount  of  alcohol  and  water  to  pre- 
vent the  gold  salt  from  precipitating  strychnine.  However, 
the  gold  is  reduced  in  a  few  hours,  largely  by  the  alcohol  but 
partly  by  the  syrup.  The  gold  as  precipitated  has  a  purplish 
color  by  transmitted  light  but  yellow  or  brown  by  reflected 
light. 

350. 

The  potassium  acetate  was  dissolved  in  water  and  the 
spirit  added.  Efifervescence  ensued  and  continued  for  a  few 
minutes,  but  ceased  after  several  shakings.  Alcohol  effer- 
vesces a  little  when  mixed  with  water,  but  not  nearly  as 
much  as  the  above  mixture  did.  One  writer  (Scoville,  223)  says 
that  nitrous  acid  converts  acetates  into  carbon  monoxide  and 
other  gases.    This  explanation  is  not  satisfactory  since  about 


268  INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

as  much  effervescence  results  when  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  is 
added  to  a  strong  solution  of  Rochelle  salt,  sodium  chloride, 
or  potassium  nitrate.  It  has  been  suggested  that  the  potas- 
sium acetate  or  other  salt  throws  the  ethyl  nitrite  out  of  solu- 
tion in  the  mixture  of  alcohol  and  water  and  that  the  vola- 
tilization of  the  ethyl  nitrite  is  the  cause  of  the  effervescence. 
There  is  much  less  effervescence  when  the  solutions  have  been 
well  chilled  before  mixing. 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


269 


2/0 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


TABLE    OF    SOLUBILITIES* 

IN   WATER,    ALCOHOL,    ETHER.    CHLOROFORM    AND   GLYCERIN,  OF   MEDI- 
CINAL  SUBSTANCES   OFFICIAL   IN  THE    U.  S.  PHARMACOPOEIA,    IN- 
CLUDING   MANY  OTHERS    OF   COMMON  OR  FREQUENT  USE. 

Abbreviations— J.,  soluble;  i/.  j.,  very  soluble;  j/..  sparingly;  a.,  all  proportions;  j/.,  slightly; 
ins.,  insoluble;  «.  ins.,  nearly  insoluble;  t/ec,  decomposed. 


Medicinal  Substances. 

One  part  is  soluble  in 

[at  59°  F.  (.5°  C.)  U.  S.  P. 

Standard  Temperature] 


Acacia   

Acetanilid 

Acid,  Arsenous  

Benzoic 

Boric 

Carbolic 

Chromic   

Citric 

Gallic 

Lactic 

Meconic 

Oleic 

Oxalic   

Phosphoric,  Glacial 

Picric 

Pyrogallic  (see  Pyrogallol). 

Salicylic 

Stearic   . 

Tannic 

Tartaric     

Valerianic 

Aconitine   

Alcohol 

Amylic   

Methylic 

Aloin 

Alum  

Aluminum  Hydrate 

Sulphate 

Ammonium  Benzoate 

Bicarbonate 

Bromide 

Carbonate 

Chloride 

Iodide   

Nitrate 

Pliosphate 

Sulphate 

Valerianate 

Amyl  Nitrite 

Antimony  Oxide 

Sulphide 

and  Potassium  Tartrate. . . . 

Antipyrin 

Apomorphine  Hydrochloride 

Aristol 

Arsenic  Iodide 

Atropine   

Sulphate 

Balsam  Peru 

Tolu   

Barium  Carbonate 

Chloride 

Bebeerine 

Sulphate 

Benzanilid 

Berberine 

Hydrochloride 


Water. 


194 

80 

500 

25.6 

»5 

V.  s. 

0.63 

100 

a. 

sp. 

ins. 

8.17 

V.  s. 


450 
ins. 


'•5 

5 

3 

I 

0.5 

4 

1.2 

V.  S. 

ins. 

n.  ins. 

ins. 

17 
I 
6.8 
ins. 
7 
130 
0.4 


Alcohol. 


2-5 

6000 


ins. 

5 

141 

2 

15 

V.  s. 

dec. 

1.61 

5 

a. 

V.  s. 

a. 

2-5 
V.  s. 


0.6 

2-5 


20 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 

28 
ins. 

30 
dec. 


ins. 

sp. 


45 
sp. 


s. 

n.  ins. 

ins. 

sol. 

V.  s. 

58 

250 

sp. 


Ether. 


dec. 


n.  ins. 
ins. 


a. 
470 
ins, 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 


Chloroform. 


V.  s. 

7 


V.  s. 

ins. 
n.  ins. 

ins. 


ins. 


80 
s. 

n.  ins. 

n.  ins. 
3 
3 


ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 


600 
ins. 


50 
si. 
s. 

sol. 

16 

2270 

sp. 

s. 


ins. 
ins. 


si. 


694 


Glycerin. 


2-S 

ins. 
ins. 
ins. 


♦  Taken  frcra  "  Era  Dose  Book." 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


271 


TABLE   OF    SOLUBILITIES— (Cb«/««w/'</). 


Medicinal  Substances. 
One  part  is  soluble  in 

Parts 

of 

[at59°F.  (i5°C.)U.  S.P. 
Standard  Temperature] 

Water. 

Alcohol. 

Ether. 

Chloroform. 

Glycerin. 

ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

V.  s. 

s. 

V.  sp. 

750 
V.  s. 

50 
80 
30 

s. 

i8 
0.7 
ins. 

6:1 
0.5 
9. 12 

ins. 

390 

sp. 

n.  ins. 

si. 

ins. 

V.  s. 

200 

sp. 

1680 

27 

70 

3760 

22 

66 

700 

0.48 

80 

20 

3S 

4 

100 

2 

2.6 

150 

1000 

s. 

si. 

Soo 

s. 

4250 

2000 

ins. 

8 

13 

sp. 
n.  ins. 

ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
sp. 

s. 

s. 

2 

V.  s. 

I 

33 
s. 
s. 

Oxide     

Salicylate 

ins. 
ins. 
ins. 

Subgallate 

Subnitrate 

Tannate 

s. 

s. 

ins. 

s. 

555 

s. 

Rromoform 



n.  ins. 
7 

50 

I 
9 

Sulphate 

But vl  Chloral  Hydrate 

Caffeine 

Bromide   

I 

ins. 

8 

ins. 

s. 

s. 

ins. 

ins. 

V.  s. 

6 

si. 

ins. 

V.  s. 

a. 

sp. 

20 

s. 

66 

n6 

I 

10 

V.  s. 

3-5 

3 

ins. 
ins. 

ins. 

Chloride   

Hypophospliite   

ins. 
ins. 

Phosphate 

V.  s. 

V.  s. 

si. 

ins. 

V.  s. 

a. 

s. 

70 

n.  ins. 

ins. 

526 

550 

ins. 

V.  s. 

2800 

30 

V.  s. 
V.  s. 

Monobromated 

Cannabine  Tannate 

si. 

Chloral 

V.  s. 

Chloroform 

Chrysarobin     

10 

n.  ins. 

1316 

163 

200 

Sulphate 

78 

16 

Cocaine 

•7 
2 

Codeine 

sp. 

V.  s. 

2 

n.  ins. 
s. 
s. 

6 
s. 

ins. 
a. 

ins. 

I 
s. 

Hydrobromide 

3-5 

a. 

sp. 
s. 

V.  s. 

s. 
337 

s. 
V.  s. 

a. 

a. 

a. 
V.  s. 

a. 

s. 

Sulphate  

Elaterin 

543 

sp. 

V.  s. 

a. 

2.4 
V.  s. 
V.  s. 

Ergotinine 

Sulphuric 

a. 
s. 

a. 
V.  s. 

si. 

ins. 

a. 

s. 

s. 

ins. 

a. 

s. 

ins. 

■Glycyrrhizin,  Ammoniated 

2^2 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN    PRESCRIPTIONS. 
TABLE    OF    SOLUBILITIES— (Cow//««^t/). 


Medicinal  Substancf.s. 

One  part  is  soluble  in 
[at  59°  F.  (15°  C  )  U.  S.  P. 
Standard  Temperature] 


Gold  Bromide  (mono) 

(tri) 

Chloride  (tri)  

Iodide 

and  Sodium  Chloride 

Guaiacol 

Benzoate 

Hydrastinine 

Hydrochloride 

Kyoscine   

Hydrobromide 

Hydrochloride 

Hyoscyamine   

Hydrobromide 

Sulphate 

Hypnone 

Ichthyol 

Iodine 

Iodoform 

lodol 

Iron  Acetate . . 

Albuminate 

Arsenate 

Bromide 

Carbonate,  Saccharated 

Chloride  (Ferric) 

Citrate 

Hypophosphite 

Iodide 

Iodide.  Saccharated 

Lactate 

Nitrate     

Phosphate  (Soluble) 

Pyrophosphate 

Sulphate 

Valerianate... 

and  Ammonium  Citrate... 
Ammonium  Tartrate. 
Potassium  Tartrate... 

Quinine  Citrate 

Strychnine  Citrate... 

Lanolin.. ...   

Lard 

Lead  Acetate 

Carbonate 

Chloride 

Chromate 

Iodide 

Nitrate 

Oxide   

Sulphate 

Lime. 

Chlorinated 

Sulphurated 

Lithium  Benzoate 

Bromide 

Carbonate   

Citrate .. 

Iodide   

Salicylate 

Magnesia     

Magnesium  Acetate 

Benzoate     

Bromide 

Carbonate 

Phosphate 


Parts  of 


Water. 


500 

0.3 

o-S 

n.  ins. 

s. 

5000 

14000 

5000 

4 

s. 

ins. 

s. 

sp. 

V.  s. 


2-3 

s. 
ins. 
ins. 

2-3 

ins. 

140 

ins. 

2000 

2 

n.  ins. 

n.  ins. 

750 

sp. 

si. 

3 

0.6 

80 


V.  s. 

.  ins. 

350 


Alcohcl. 


ins. 
sp. 


V.  s. 

sp. 


ins. 
ins. 


n.  ins. 
ins. 


ins. 

V.  s. 

ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

sp. 

sp. 

sp. 

si. 

21 

ins. 

200 


Ether.      Chloroform.      Glycerin 


sp. 


ins. 

ins. 

sp. 

ins. 

10 

V.  s. 

ins. 

n.  ins. 


V.  s. 
ins. 


V.  s. 

n.  ins. 

V.  s. 

si. 

ins. 

s. 


sp. 

3 

S-2 

3 


si. 
ins. 


ins. 
ins. 


ins. 
ins. 


si. 


250 

si. 


IXCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 
TABLE    OF   SOLUBILITIES— (a^«/«M«^a'). 


273 


Medicinal  Substances. 

One  part  is  soluble  in 

[at  59°  F.  (15°  C.)  U.  S.  P. 

Standard  Temperature] 


Magnesium  Sulphate 

Tartrate 

Manganese  Dioxide 

Hypophosphite 

Sulphate 

Menthol 

Mercury  Chloride,  Ammoniated. 

Corrosive 

Mild 

Cyanide 

Iodide,  Yellow 

Red 

Oxide,  Yellow 

Red 

Salicylate 

Sulphate,  Basic 

Morphine 

Acetate 

Hydrobromide 

Hydrochloride 

Lactate  

Meconate 

Sulphate 

Tartrate 

Naphtalin 

Naphtol  (Beta) 

Narcotine 

Nicotine 

Nitroglycerin 

Pancreatin 

Paraffi  n 

Paraldehyde . . . , 

Pelletierine 

Tannate 

Pepsin 

Petrolatum 

Phenacetin , 

Phenocoll  Hydrochloride , 

Phosphorus   

Physostigmine     

Salicylate 

Sulphate 

Picrotoxin 

Pilocarpine 

Hydrochloride 

Hydrobromide 

Piperazin   

Piperin 

Podophyllin 

Potassa,  Sulphurated 

Potassium  Acetate 

Arsenate   

Arsenite 

Benzoate 

Bicarbonate 

Bichromate 

Bitartrate  

Bromide 

Carbonate   

Chlorate 

Chloride 

Citrate 

Cyanide 

Ferricyanide 

Ferrocyanide  

Hydrate 


Parts  of 


Water. 


'•5 

122 

ins. 
V.  s. 

0.8 
si. 

ins. 
16 

ins. 

12.8 
I.  ins. 
I.  ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

2000 

4350 

2-5 

25 

24 

8 

25 

21 

10 

ins. 

1000 

I.  ins. 

V.  s. 

1,  ins. 

s. 

ins. 

8.5 

V.  s. 

700 

100 

ins. 

sp. 

16 

ins. 

sp. 

'5° 

V.  s. 

240 

s. 

V.  s. 

s. 

V.  s. 

1.  ins. 

1.  ins. 

2 

0.36 

V.  s. 

V.  s. 

V.  s. 

3-2 
10 
201 
1.6 
I.I 

16.7 

3 
0.6 


Alcohol. 


ins. 


ins. 

V.  s. 

ins. 

3 

ins. 

•5 

ins. 

130 

ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

300 

47.6 


62 

93 

V.  s. 

702 

V.  s. 

15 

0-75 


ins. 
ins. 


ins. 

ins. 

16 


sp. 

1.9 

25 

sp. 


u.  ins. 
ins. 

sp. 

200 
ins. 

sp. 
s. 

sp. 

sp. 

sp. 
ins. 


Chloroform. 


ms. 
V.  s. 


4 
ins. 
sp. 
ins. 
ins. 


4000 
1700 


si. 


ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 


sp. 


160 
2100 


V.  s. 

V.  s. 

3 


Glycerin. 


14 
4 

3-5 


210 

5 


274 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 
TABLE    OF    SOLUBILITIES— (Ct7«/t««^a'). 


Medicinal  Substanxes. 

One  part  is  soluble  in 

[at  59°  F.  (15°  C.)  U.  S.  P. 

Standard  Temperature] 


Potassium  Hypophosphite. 

Iodide 

Nitrate 

Nitrite , 

Permanganate  , 

Phosphate 

Salicylate  

Sulphate 

Tartrate  

and  Sodium  Tartrate. 

Pyoktannin 

Pyridine   . .   , 

Pyrogallol 

i^uinidine 

Hydrochloride 

Sulphate 

<3uinine 

Acetate  

Arsenate 

Arsenite   

Benzoate , 

Bisulphate 

Hydrobromide , 

Hydrochloride , 

Hypophosphite 

Lactate 

Phosphate 

Salicylate   

Sulphate 

Tannate 

Valerianate 

Resin 

Resorcin 

Saccharin 

Sahcin   , 

Salol 

Sanguinarine 

Nitrate 

Santonin     

Silver  Acetate  . .   

Bromide 

Chloride 

Cyanide 

iodide 

Nitrate 

Oxide 

Sulphate 

Sodium  Acetate 

Arsenate 

Arsenite 

Benzoate 

Bicarbonate 

Bisulphite 

Borate 

Bromide 

Carbonate 

Chlorate 

Chloride   

Citrate 

Hydrate 

Hypophosphite 

Hyposulphite 

Iodide 

Lactate. 

Nitrate 

Nitrite 


Parts  of 


Water. 


0.6 
0.75 


1-4 

75 
a. 

1-7 

2000 
27 

100 
1670 

600 

sp. 

sp. 

350 

10 

54 

34 

45 

3 

700 

225 

740 

,  ins. 

100 

ins. 

0.6 

230 

28 

.  ins. 

ins. 

.  ins. 

5000 

100 

ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

ins. 

0.6 

.  ins. 

200 

1.4 


1.2 

1.6 

I.I 

2.8 

V.  s. 

1-7 

I 

0.65 

0.6 
V.  s. 

1-3 

'•5 


Alcohol. 


7-3 

18 

sp. 

dec. 


ins. 

ins. 

n.  ins. 


32 
0.6 


6s 
si. 

5 

s. 

0.5 

30 

30 


40 
sp. 


ins. 

ins. 

26 

ins. 


30 

sp. 

sp. 

45 

ins. 

72 

ins. 

'3 

ins. 

100 

n.  ins. 


V.  s. 

30 

ins. 

3 


Ether. 


Chloroform. 


Glycerin. 


ins. 
ins. 


ins. 


ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
V.  s. 
1.2 

30 

ins. 

n.  ins. 

23 


ins. 

6 

ins. 


0-3 

n.  ins. 

0.3 


ins. 
ins. 


ins. 
ins. 


ins. 
ins. 

ins 


V.  s. 
680 


40 
135 


n.  ins. 
V.  s. 


1. 03 

5 

5 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 
TABLE    OF   SOLUBILITIES— (a«/t««<?^). 


275 


Medicinal  Substances. 

One  part  is  soluble  in 
[at  59°  F- (.'5°  C.)  U.  S.  P. 
Standard  Temperature] 


Parts  of 


Water. 


Chloroform. 


Glycerin. 


Sodium  Phosphate   

Pyrophosphate 

Salicylate 

Santoninate 

Sulphate     .   

Sulphite 

Sulphocarbolate 

Tartrate 

Valerianate 

Sparteine  

Sulphate 

Spermaceti       

Strontium  Bromide 

Iodide 

Lactate 

Nitrate 

Sulphate  

Strophanthin ..   

Strychnine 

Acetate 

Hydrobromide 

Hydrochloride 

Nitrate ....    

Sulphate 

Sugar,  Cane .. 

Milk 

Sulphonal   

Sulphur,  Precipitated 

Terebene 

Terpin  Hydrate 

Tetronal 

Thalline  Sulphate 

Tartrate 

Trional   

Thymol 

Urethane 

Vanillin 

Veratrine 

H ydrochl oride  

Wax,  Yellow 

Zinc  A cetate 

Bromide 

Carbonate,  Precipitated 

Chloride  

Cyanide 

Iodide 

Lactate 

Oxide 

Permanganate 

Phosphate   

Phosphide 

Salicylate 

Sulphate 

Tannate  

Valerianate 


5.8 

12 

0.9 

3 


4.8 

5 

V.  s. 

sp. 
V.  s. 

ins. 


4 

5 
Si. 

s. 

6700 

75 

3a 

50 

75 

50 

o.S 

6 

500 

ins. 

si. 

250 

si. 


320 

1200 
s. 

sp. 

si. 

V.  s. 

ins. 

2.7 
V.  s. 

ins. 

0.3 


60 
ins. 


25 

0.6 
ins. 
100 


ins. 

ins. 

6 

12 

ins. 

sp. 

132 

ins. 

s. 

V.  s. 

V.  s. 

n.  ins. 


ins. 
ins. 


sp. 


100 

log 
175 
ins. 

65 
ins. 


V.  s. 
100 
sp. 


V.  s. 
sp. 

36 

V.  s. 

ins. 
V.  s. 

ins. 
V.  s. 

ins. 

ins. 
V.  s. 

ins. 

ins. 

3-5 

ins. 

ins. 

40 


ins. 
ins. 
ins. 


ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
ins. 
125 


si. 
n.  ins. 


36 
ins. 


ins. 
ins. 


276 


INCOMPATIBILITIES  IN  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


TABLE    OF    PRICES. 

AVERAGE  OF  PRICES  CHARGED  IN  THE  VARIOUS  SECTIONS  OK  THE 
UNITED  STATES  FOR  PRESCRIPTIONS  NOT  REyUIRING  EXTRAORDK 
NARY  SKILL  OR  CALLING   FOR   ANY  VERY   EXPENSIVE  INGREDIENT. 


LIQUIDS. 

I  ounce,     $0.20-0.25 


2 

0.30-0.35 

3 
4 

0.35-0.40 
0.40-0.50 

6 

0.60-0.65 

8 

0.75 

OINTMENTS. 

i 

ounce, 

$0.25 

I 

<< 

$0.30-0.35 

2 

(C 

0.40-0.50 

DERS,   CAPSULES,   OR    PILLS 

I  to  4, 

$0.15-0.25 

5  to  6, 

0.25-0.30 

8, 

0.30-0.35 

10, 

0.35-0.40 

12, 

0.40 

24, 

0.50-0.75 

SUPPOSITORIES. 

i  dozen,    $0.40-0.50 
I      "  0.75-1.00 


INDEX  TO  INCOMPATIBILITIES. 


1^°°  References  are  to  pag-es. 


Acacia. . . . 

Aceta 

Acetamid . 
Acetanilid 


I 

3,  7 
3 
3 


Acetates 5,   7 

Acid,  acetic 7 

arsenic 8 

arsenous 9 

benzoic lo 

boric lo 

carbolic ii 

chromic 13 

chrysophanic 14 

citric 14 

gallic 15 

hydriodic 17 

hydrobromic 19 

hydrochloric 20 

hydrocyanic,  dil 21 

hypophosphorous,  dil 22 

lactic 23 

meconic 23 

inetaphosphoric 28 

nitric 24 

nitrohydrochloric 25 

nitrous 25 

oleic 27 

phosphoric 27 

picric 28 

pyrogallic 105 

pyrophosphoric 28 

salicylic 28 

stearic 30 


Acid,  sulphuric 31 

sulphurous   31 

tannic 32 

tartaric 35 

Acids 5 

Aconitine 36 

Adeps 35 

^ther 35 

aceticus 36 

^thyl  bromide 36 

^thyleni  bichloridum 37 

^thyl  iodidum 37 

Ariol 37 

Albumin 37 

Alcohol 37 

Alkalies 29,  81 

Alkaloids 3^. 

Aloin 40 

Alum 41 

Aluminum  hydrate 41 

Alumnol 41 

Ammonium  benzoate 41 

bromide 41 

carbonate 41 

chloride 42 

iodide 42 

nitrate 42 

phosphate 42 

salts , .  . .  42 

valerianate 42 

Amyl  nitrite 43. 

Amylum 43 

Antimony  and  potassium  tartrate  43. 
277 


278 


INDEX   TO  INCOMPATIBILITIES. 


Antimony  sulphide 44 

Antipyrin 44 

Apomorphine  hydrochloride 46 

Aqua 47 

Aqua  ammoniae 47,  82 

amygdalae  amarae 47 

camphorae 47,  56 

chlori 47,  62 

clnnamomi 47,  96 

creosoti 47,  64 

Aquae 47 

Aqua  hydrogenii  dioxidi 47 

menthae  piperitae 49,  97 

pimentae 49,  97 

Argenti  nitras 49 

oxidum 50 

Aristol 50 

Arsenic  iodide 50 

Arsenates 8,  50 

Arsenites 9,  51 

Asaprol 51 

Atropine 51 

Auri  et  sodii  chloridum 51 

Balsam  of  copaiba 64 

Barium  salts 52 

Belladonna -51,  52 

Benzaldehyde 52,  95 

Benzoates 10,  52 

Bicarbonates 58 

Bismuth  and  ammonium  citrate. .  52 

salicylate 52 

subgallate 52 

subnitrate. 52 

Borates 10,  53 

Brandy 113 

Bromal  hydrate 53 

Bromides 19,  53 

Bromoform 53 

Bromine 53 

Butyl  chloral  hydrate 54 

Cadmium  salts 54 

Caffeine 54 

'Calcium  bromide 55 


Calcium  carbonate 55 

hypophosphite 55 

phosphate 55 

salts 55 

sulphate 55 

Calx 55 

chlorata 55 

sulphurata 56 

Cambogia 56 

Camphor 56 

monobromated 57 

Cannabis  Indica 57 

Cantharidin 57 

Carbo 58 

Carbonates 58 

Catechu 59 

Cerium  oxalate .  59 

Chalk,  prepared... 65 

Charcoal 58 

Chinolin 59 

Chloral 59 

alcoholate 61 

Chloralamid 61 

Chloralimid 61 

Chlorates 61 

Chlorides 20,  62 

Chlorine 62 

Chromates 13,  62 

Cinchona 62 

Citrates 14,  63 

Cocaine 63 

Codeine 63 

Colchicine 63 

Collodion 64 

Coniine 64 

Copaiba 64 

Copper  sulphate 65 

Creosote 64 

Creta  praeparata 65 

Cupri  sulphas 65 

Cyanides 21,  66 

Decoctions 66 

Dermatol 52 

Digitalis 66 

Diuretin 66 


INDEX   TO   INCOMPATIBILITIES. 


279 


Elaterin 

Emulsions 

Ergot 

Ether 

acetic 

Ethyl  bromide 

Ethylene  bichloride. 

Ethyl  iodide 

Eucalyptol 


Eugenol 67, 

Euphorin 

Europhen 

Exalgin 


Ferricum 

Ferri  phosphas  solubilis 

pyrophosphas   solubilis. 

Ferropyrin 

Ferrosum 

Ferrum 

Formaldehyde  (formalin) 


Galls 32, 

Gallates 15, 

Gamboge 

Gelatin 

Glonoin 

Glucosides 

Glycerin 

Glyceritum  boroglycerini 

Glycyrrhizin,  ammoniated 

Guaiac  resin 

Guaiacol 

Homatropine 51, 

Honey 

Hydrargyri  chloridumcorrosivum 

chloridum  mite 

cyanidum 

iodidum  flavum 

iodidum  rubrum 

oxidum  flavum 

subsulphas  flavus. . . . 

Hydrargyrum  ammoniatum 

Hydrates,  fixed  alkali 

Hydrate,  volatile  alkali 


66 
67 
67 
36 
36 
36 
37 
37 
67 
95 
67 
67 
67 

69 
67 

68 

67 
68 
72 
72 

73 
73 
56 
73 
73 
73 
73 
74 
75 
75 
75 

75 
91 
75 
77 
80 
80 
80 
80 
81 
81 
81 
82 


Hydrogen  dioxide 47,  83. 

Hydroquinone 84 

Hyoscyamine 84 

Hyoscyamus 51,  84 

Hypochlorites 84 

Hypophosphites 22,  84 

Hyposulphites 84,   iii 

Ichthyol 84 

Infusions 85 

lodates 85 

Iodides 17,  85 

Iodine 86 

Iodoform 85 

lodol 86 

lodophenacetin 86 

Iron  (metallic) 72 

(ferrous) 68 

(ferric) 69 

phosphate  soluble 67 

pyrophosphate  soluble 6S 


Lard 

Lead  acetate 

subacetate 89, 

Lime 

chlorinated ...    

sulphuretted 

Liquor  acidi  arsenosi 

ammonii  acetatis 

arseni  et  hydrargyri  iodidi 

calcis 

ferri  chloridi 

ferri  dialysati 

ferri  et  ammonii  acetatis. . 

ferri  subsulphatis 

iodi  compositus 

plumbi  subacetatis 

potassae 81 

potassii  arsenitis 

sodse 81 

sodae  chloratae 

sodii  silicatis 

Lithium  benzoate 

salicylate 

salts 


36 

lOI 

102 

55 
55 
56 

88 
83 


89 
89 
89 
89 
89 
89 
89 
89 
89 
90 
90 
90 
90 


28o 


INDEX   TO  INCOMPATIBILITIES. 


Lobelia 90 

Magnesia 90 

Magnesium  salts 90 

sulphate 90 

Manganese  salts 91 

Mel 91 

Menthol 91 

Mercuric  chloride 75 

cyanide 80 

iodide 80 

oxide 80 

subsulphate 81 

Mercurous  chloride 77 

iodide 80 

Mercury,  ammoniated 81 

Methacetin 92 

Methylene-blue 92 

Methyl  salicylate 92 

Morphine 92 

Mucilage  of  acacia I,  93 

starch 43,  93 

tragacanth 93,  117 

Naphtalin 93 

Naphtol 94 

Nitrates 24,  94 

Nitrites 25,  94 

Nitroglycerin 73 

Nutgalls 32,  73 

Nux  vomica 94,  113 

Oil  of  birch 95 

bitter  almond 95 

cinnamon 96 

cloves 95 

cotton-root  bark 96 

ethereal 95 

lavender 96 

lemon 96 

linseed 96 

olive 97 

orange 95 

peppermint 97 

pimenta 97 

sassafras 97 


Oil  of  turpentine 97 

wintergreen 96 

Oils,  fixed 94 

volatile 94 

Opium 98 

Oxidizing  agents 98 

Pancreatin 98 

Paraldehyde 98 

Pepsin 99 

Permanganates 99,  103 

Ph  en  ace  tin 99 

Phenocoll  hydrochloride 99 

Phosphates 27,   99 

Phosphorus 99 

Physostigmine 100 

Picrotoxin 100 

Pilocarpine  hydrochloride 100 

Piperazin loi 

Plumbi  acetas loi 

subacetas 89,  102 

Potassa 81,  102 

Potassium  acetate 7,  102 

and  sodium  tartrate  .  .  103 

bicarbonate 58,  102 

bichromate 13,  102 

bitartrate 102 

bromide... 19,  103 

carbonate 58,  103 

chlorate 61,  103 

citrate 14,  103 

cyanide 103 

hypophosphite  . ...   22,  103 

iodide 103 

nitrate 24,  103 

permanganate 103 

salts 104 

Pyoktannin 104 

Pyrocatechin 104 

Pyrogallol 105 

Pyroxylin 106 

Quinine 106 

Resin 107 

Resins 107 

Resorcin 107 


INDEX   TO  INCOMPATIBILITIES. 


281 


Saccharum    

lactis 

Salic  in 

Salicylates 28, 

SalocoU  

Salol 

Salophen 

Santonin 

Silver  nitrate 

oxide 

Soap 

Soda 81, 

Sodium  arsenate 

benzoate 10, 

bicarbonate 

borate 

bromide 19, 

carbonate 58, 

chloride 20, 

hypophosphite 22, 

hyposulphite 

iodide 17, 

nitrate 24, 

nitrite 25, 

phosphate 

pyrophosphate 28, 

salicylate 28, 

sulphate 31, 

thiosulphate 

Solution  of  ammonium  acetate.  . . 

arsenous  acid 

arsenic    and   mercury 

iodide  

iodine,  compound.... 
iron   and   ammonium 

acetate 

iron  chloride 

iron  dialyzed 

iron  subsulphate 

lead  subacetate 

lime 

potassa 81 

potassium  arsenite. . . 

soda 81 

soda,  chlorinated  .... 
sodium  silicate 


107 
108 
109 
109 
109 
109 
109 
no 

49 
50 


90 


Spirit  of  ammonia 113 

ammonia  aromatic 113 

camphor 56,  113 

ether,  compound. .. .  95,  112 

lemon 96 

nitroglycerin 113 

nitrous  ether 112 

vvintergreen 96,  113 

Spirits 112 

Starch 43 

Stramonium 51,  113 

Strontium  bromide 113 

lactate 113 

salts 113 

Strychnine 113 

Sugar , 107 

of  milk 108 

Sulphates 31,  115 

Sulphites 31,  115 

Sulphonal 115 

Sulphur 115 

Syrup  of  garlic 115 

hydriodic  acid 115 

hypophosphites 115 

iodide  of  iron 115 

ipecac 115 

lime 115 

squills 115 

Tannates 32,  115 

Tartar  emetic 43 

Tartrates 35,  115 

Terebene 115 

Theobromine 116 

Thiol 116 

Thymol 116 

Tincture  of  chloride  of  iron 116 

iodine 116 

Tolypyrin 117 

Tragacanth 117 

Trional 117 

Urea 117 

Urethane 117 

Vinum 117 

Vitellus 37,  117 


282 


INDEX   TO  INCOMPATIBILITIES. 


"Water 47 

of  ammonia 47,  82 

bitter  almond 47 

camphor 47,   56 

chlorine 47,  62 

cinnamon 47,  96 

creosote 47,  64 

hydrogen  dioxide 47 

peppermint 49,  97 


Water  of  pimenta 49,  g*^ 

Waters 47 

Whiskey 113 

Wine 117 

Zinc  chloride 117 

salts 117 

sulphate 117 


INDEX  TO  PRESCRIPTIONS 


References  are  to  Prescriptions. 


Acacia  (seg  Muc.  acaciae). 

Acetanilidum — camph.  monobrom. — salol 153 

"             — antipyrin. — resorcin 240- 

"             — spiritus  aetheris  niirosi 131 

"             — tinct.  ferri  clor 313 

Acidum  arsenos. — (too  large  a  dose) 69 

"         benzoic. — ac.  salicyl.  —  eucalyptol — thymol — menthol — sod.  bi- 
carb   114 

benzoic. — (insoluble  in  water) 24<y- 

"         — sodii  boras — syrupus 357 

carbolic. — euphorin 66- 

"         — aqua 70 

''         — ac.  sulphurosum — tinct.  ferri  chlor g4 

"         — aq.  hydrog.  diox. — glycerin no 

"         — aq.  ammon ic t 

"         — collodium 167 

"         — plumbi  acet. — thymol 217 

"         — ac.  sulph. — ol.  lini — plumbi  acet. — pot.  nitras 220 

"         — petrolat. — sp.  myrciae 224 

"         — aq.  ammon.  —  liq.  sod.  chloratae. 236 

"         — potass,  permang 25S 

"         — ferri  et  ammon.  citras 318'. 

"         — ceratum — thymol 285- 

"         — camphora — plumbi  acet. — tinct.  iodi 28S 

"         — liq.  ferri  subsulph. — glycerinum 380 

"         — pot.  chloras — tinct.  ferri  chloridi 336 

chromic. — cocain.  hydrochlor 243 

' '        — ale. — glycerin 26? 

citric. — mag.  carb. — sod.  boras 86 

"     — pot.  cit. — quinin.  sulph 196 

"     — pot.  iodidum — quinin.  sulph 289 

gallic. — cocainae  hydrochlor. — petrolatum — ung.  zinci  oxidi...  2i5 

hyd.  dil. — (incomplete) 302, 

283 


284 


INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


NUMBER 

Acidum  hydrobrom. — hydrarg.  chlor.  mit. — phenacetin 151 

"  "  — quinin.  sulph. — sod.  salicyl 178 

"  "  — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — quinin.  sulph 219 

"         hydrochlor. — bis.  et  ammon.  cit. — pepsin 30 

"  "  — potass,  chloras 45 

"  "  — hydrarg.  chlor.  mit 182 

"         hydrocyan. — ac.  phosphor. — codeina — tinct.  iodi 97 

"  "  — sod.  bicarb 152 

"         nitricum — creosot. — chloroform 42 

"  "        — ac.  sulph. — ol.  terebin 90 

"         nitrohydrochlot. — tinct.  nucis  vom 33 

"  "  — glycerin 62 

■""  "  — quinin.  sulph. — potass,  iodidum 115 

"  "  — ol.  terebin 143 

"         phosphoric. — tinct.  digital. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 12 

"  "  — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — tinct.  iodi  co. — quinin.  sulph.     27 

"  "  — quinin.  sulph. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 92 

"  "  — ac.  hydrocyan. — codeina 97 

"  "  — ferri  et  quinin.  cit. — tinct.  cardam.  co 160 

"  "  — quinin.  sulph. — syr.  ferrii  odidi 296 

"  "  — ferri  phosphas — quinin.  sulphas — strych.  sulph.   324 

"'•  "  — syr.  hypophosphitum — tinct.  ferri  chlor 295 

"  "  — quin.  sulph. ^ — strych.  sulph. — tinct.  ferri  chlor.  .    326 

"         pyrogallic. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor 268 

"  "  — plumbi  acet 272 

"         salicylic. — sod.  bicarb 91 

— ac.  benzoic. — thymol — menthol — sod.  bicarb 114 

— exalgin — phenacetin 148 

— aqua — glycerin 206 

— insolubility  in  water 249 

— ferri  sulph. — potass,  permang 281 

— liq.  calcis 312 

— tinct.  iodi  comp 317 

— atropinae  sulph. — strych.  sulph. — sodii  boras 377 

sulphuricum — quinin.  sulph. — ammon.  carb 2 

—  "  "       — acid,  tannic 15 

—  "  "      — ext.  glycyrrh.  fi ...     67 

—  "  "      — potass,  bicarb 142 

— ferri  pyrophosph.  sol 28 

— ac.  nitric. — ol.  terebin 90 

— picis  liq  — potass,  bichrom 198 

— ol.  lini. — plumbi  acet. — pot.  nitrat 220 

— potass,  chloras — syr.  ferri  iodidi 306 

— ferri  et  pot.  tart. — potass,  iodidum 325 

— arom, — potass,  et  sod.  tart 163 

"      — massa  ferri  carbon 246 


INDEX   TO   PRESCRIPTIONS. 


285 


NUMBER 

Acidum  sulphuricum — arom. — quin.  sulph. — sp.  ammon.  aromat 385 

sulphurosum. — sod.  hypophosphit 31 

"             — ac.  carbolic. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 94 

"             — glycerin. — pot.  chloras — tinct,  ferri  chlor 211 

"             — potass,  chloras 261 

tannic. — ac.  sulphur. — quinin.  sulph 15 

"      — iodoformum 47 

"      — morph.  acet, — tinct.  myrrh 78 

"      — alum  —  plumbi  acet. — zinci  sulph 147 

"      — ferri  sulph 158 

"      — tinct.  iodi. 260 

"      — liq.  calcis 291 

"      — glycerinum — hydrargyrum — iodum 327 

"      — tinct.  iodi — ac.  carbol. — ceratum 373 

"      — tinct.  iodi — tinct.  myrrhae — pot.  iodidum — aq.  rosae..  391 

tartaricum — quinin.  sulph. — potass,  iodidum 119 

Aconitina — (too  large  a  dose) 61 

.(Ether — cocain.  hydrochlor. — morph.  sulph 208 

Albumen — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor 22 

Alcohol — iodum — ol.  terebin 76 

— potass,  nit. — sod.   chlor 212 

"       — ac.  chromic. — glycerin 262 

"       — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — iodum — ol.  terebinthin 341 

Alumen — plumbi  acet 14 

"       — ac.  tannic. — plumbi  acet. — zinc  sulph 147 

"       — sodii  boras — glycerinum 382 

Ammonii  bromidum — codeinae  sulphas 105 

Ammon.  carbon. — ac.  sulphur. — quinin.  sulph 2 

"       — syr.  scillae 4 

"        — syr.  allii 24 

"        — syr.  ipecac. — vin.  pepsin 35 

"        — hydrarg.  chlor.  mit 48 

"        — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — potass,  iodidum 79 

"        — sodii  citras — sp.  aether,  nit 96 

"        — plumbi  acet 231 

"        — infus.  digitalis  — acacia — guaiacolum 348 

chlorid. — hydrarg.  chlor.  mit 130 

"       — codeina — morph.  hydrochlor 276 

"       — sodii  salicylas — syr.  tolu 394 

iodid. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — potass,  chlor 8 

"     — antipyrin 164 

valerianas — quininae  sulphas 399 

Ammonol — chloral 344 

Amyl  nitris — potass,  iodidum 132 

Antikamnia — quinin.  sulph. — elix , 93 

"           — ferri  sulph. — quinin.  sulph. — strych.  sulph 250 


286 


INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


NUMBER- 

Antikamnia — morph.   sulph. — elixir  aromat 352 

Antimon.  et  pot.  tart. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor 27s 

"  "     "       "     — hydrarg.     chlor.    cor. —  sp,     ammon,     arom. — 

morph.  hydrochlor 388 

"         sulphurat. — potass,  chlorat. — sulphur 36 

Antipyrin. — sod.  bicarb. — hydrarg.  chlor.  mit 53 

"         — tinct.  ferri  chlor loo- 

"         — sod.  salicyl. 113 

"         — spir.  aether,  nit 118 

"         — ammon.  iodid 164 

"         — chloral 200 

"         — chloral — quinin.  sulph 320 

"         — acetanilid. — resorcin 240 

"         — syr.  ferri  iodidi 257 

"         — aq.  cinnamomi — ac.  sulph.  dil. — quinin.  sulph 345 

"         — caffeina — sodii  bromidum — syr.  limonis — aq.  cinnam 371 

"         — caffeina  citrata— sodii  salicylas 393 

"         — camphora — caffeina  cit. — sodii  bromidum 347 

"         — chloral — sodii  bromidum — syr.  limonis 342 

Apiol. — (in  pills). 232. 

Aqua  ammon. — ac.  carbolic 121 

"      — tinct.  iodi — lin.  sapon. — tinct.  aconit 122 

"      — glycerin. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 128 

"      — syrupus — tinct.  ferri  chlor 209 

"      — liq.  sod.  chloratae — thymol 193 

"      — ac.  carbolic. — liq.  sod.  chloratae 236 

"      — collodium — tinct.  iodi 265 

camphor — potass,  bromid 162 

cinnamon. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 267 

"           — ac.  sulph.  dil. — antipyrinum — quinin.  sulph 345 

"          — antipyrinum  —  caffeina  —  sodii  bromidum  —  syr.    li- 
monis   371 

gaulther. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 124 

hydrogen,  diox. — acid,  carbol. — glycerin no 

"               "     — potass,  permangan 191 

"               "     — ferri  sulph. — glycer. — pot.  bichrom 314 

"               "     — glycerinum 392 

"  "     — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — morph.  sulph. — zinci  sul- 

phocarbol 3S9 

lauro-cerasi — hydrarg.  chlor.   mit 192 

pimentae — tinct.  ferri  chlor 195 

Argent,  nitras — sod.  chlor 170 

"              "     — cocaina 194 

"              "     — potass,  permangan 247 

"              "     — liq.  pot.  arsenit 252 

"              "     — cocainae  hydrochloridum i8() 


INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS.  287 

NUMBER 

Argent,  nitras — glycerinum — pot.  iodidi 339 

"              "     — glycerinum 364 

"              "     — opium 368 

"          oxid. — creosot I3g 

Atropin.  sulph. — auri  et  sod.  chlor. — strych.  sulph 87 

"              "      — morph.  sulph 88 

"             "     — ol.  olivae 242 

"              "      — ac.  salicyl. — sodii  boras — strych.  sulph 377 

"              "      — auri  et  sod.  chlor. — strych.  nitras — glycerinum 381 

Auri  chlor. — tinct.  iodi  co. — glycerin loi 

Auri  et  sod.  chlor. — atropin.  sulph.— strych.  sulph.  —  ext.  cinchon.  fl. .  87 

"      "      "         "       — liq.  arsenic 103 

"     "     "         "      — alcohol — strych.  sulphat. — syr.  cinnamomi 349 

"     "     "         "      — strych.  nitras — atrop.  sulph. — ext.  cocaefl 381 

Bals.  copaibae — {see  copaiba). 

".     peru       — (in  pills) 301 

"         "          —glycerin 223 

"          "          — petrolat , 64 

Bis.  et  ammon.  cit. — ac.  hydrochlor 30 

Bismuth,  subnit. — morph.  sulph. — plumbi  subacet. — sod.  bicarb iii 

"               "       — quinin.  sulph. — plumbi  acet 13 

"               "       — sp.  ammon.  aromat. — zinci  acet 229 

"               "       — sod.  bicarb 107 

"               "       —    "     hypophosphis 7 

"               "              "     salicylat 309 

"               "       — sp.  ac.  hydriodici 73 

"               "       — ac.  carbol.  —  liq.  calcis . .  363 

"               "       — liq.  ferri  dialys. — tr.  lav.  co. — tr.  cinchon.  co 383 

"               "       — sp.  ammon.  arom. — aqua — ac.  carbol. — tinct.  capsic.  370 

Boroglycerinum — petrolatum 331 

Caffeina — antipyrinum — sodii  bromidum — aq.  cinnam. — syr.  limonis..  371 

"         citrata — antipyrium — sodii  salicylas 393 

"               "      — camphorae — antipyrinum — sodii  bromidum 347 

"               "      — sp.  setheris  nitrosi — liq.  ferri  et  ammon.  acet 372 

Calcii  hypophosph. — ferri  lact.  —  potass,  chloras 83 

"             — ferri  sulph. — mag.  sulph. — potass,  chloras 95 

"  "  — el.     gent.    et.     ferri    chlor. — ac.     lactic. — strych. 

lactas.  —  ferri   lactis — potass,     hypophos. — sod. 

hypophos 361 

"               "             — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. —syr.  sarsap 172 

"               '■             — ac.  phosphor. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 181 


— tinct.  ferri  chlor. 


297 

Calx — sulphur 277 

"        chlorata — glycerin 279 


288  INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

NTJMSER- 

Camphora — chloral 41 

—      "       159 

"          — iodum — ung.  hydrarg 84 

"          — chloral — cocainse  hydrochlor.— morph.  sulph 208 

"          — exalgin — phacenetin. — salol 226 

"          — ac.  carbol. — plumbi  acet 288 

"           — chloral — amylum 384 

"             monobrom. — acetanilid. — salol 153 

Carbo  ligni — cinchon. — potass,  chloras 82 

Catechu — potass,  rhloras 184 

Ceratum — ac.  carbol. — thymol 285 

Chloral — pot.  bromid. — elixir 20 

"      — camphora 41 

"      — sod.  boras 43 

"      — camphora — syr.  zingiber 159 

"      — antipyrin 200 

"      — pot.  cyanid 203 

"      — camphor. — cocain.  hydrochlor. — morph.  sulph 20S 

"      — phenacetin. — quinin.  sulph 310 

"      — antipyrin. — quinin.  sulph 320 

"      — ammonol 344 

"      — antipyrinum — sodii  bromidum — syr.  limonis 342 

"      — camphora — amylum 384 

"      — ext.  hyoscyami — ext.  can.  indicse — pot.  bromidum — aqua....  237 

Chloroform. — cocaina  hydrochlor. — morph.  sulph 20S 

"            — aqua — sod.  bicarb 239 

-'            — sp.  frumenti — tinct.  opii 251 

"           — aq.  camphorse — sp.  ammon.  arom. — morph.  sulph 340 

Cinchona — potass,  chloras 82 

Cocaina — argent,  nitras 194 

"         hydrochlor. — hydrarg.  chlor.  mit 136 

"                    "           — sod.  boras 176 

"                    "          — chloroform. — sether 20S 

"                    "          — collodium  flex 241 

"                    "          — ac.  chromic 243 

"                    "           — ac.  gallicum — petrolatum — ung.  zinci  oxidi 216 

"                    "          — argenti  nitras 189 

Codeina — potass,  iodidum 38 

"       — ac.  hydrocyan. — ac.  phosphor. — tinct.  iodi 97 

"       — ammon.  chlor. — morph.  hydrochlor 276 

"       — sulphas — ammonii  bromidum 105 

Collodium — ac.  carbolic 167 

"          — aq.  ammon. — tinct.  iodi 265 

"          flex. — cocain.  hydrochlor 241 

Copaiba- — (in  pills) 30S 

"       — tinct.  ferri  chlor.  —  tinct.  canthar. — syr 40 


INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS.  289 

NUMBER 

Copaiba — ext.  can.  indie,  fl. — tinct.  camphorae — syr.  zingib 166 

' '       — ol.  cubebae — ol.  santali — sp.  aether,  nitrosi 335 

Creolin — aqua 85 

Creosotum — ac.  nitric 42 

"          — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — syr.  ferri  iodidi 63 

"          — argent,  oxid 139. 

Cupri  sulph. — (too  much) 187 

Diuretin — tinct.  ferri  chlor 319. 

Elixir — chloral — pot.  brom 20- 

"      — cinchonae — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — pot.  iodidum r 

"      — gent,  et  fer.  chlor. — calc.  hypophos. — ferri  lactas — ac.  lactic  ..    361 

"  "      "      "  "     — ext.  digitalis  fi. — ext.nucisvom.fi 334 

Ergotin — tinct.  cinnamomi 23a 

Eucalyptol — aqua 114 

"  — in  capsules 248 

Euphorin — acid,  carbolic 66- 

Exalgin — acid,  salicyl. — phenacetin 148 

"       — camphora — phenacetin. — salol 225 

'         — naphtol 269. 

Extract,  digital.— (dose  too  large) 102 

"         glycyrrhiz. — pot.  permangan ,. 89. 

"         buchu  fl. — sp.  aether,  nit ir 

"  "       "  —  "  "        "  — pot.  bicarb 51 

"         cinchon.  fl. — auri  et  sod.  chlor 87 

"         digital,  fl. — sp.  aether,  nit 18 

"         glycyrrhiz.  fl. — acid,  sulphuric 67 

"  "  " — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — pot.  chloras 68 

"        can.  indicae — ext.  hyoscyami — pot.  bromidum — chloral — aqua.   237 

"         digitalis  fl. — pot.  nitris — el.  gent,  et  ferri  chlor 334 

"  "  " — sp.  aetheris  nitrosi ^ 366 

"         epigaea  repens  fi. — ext.  uvae  ursi  fl. — sp.  aetheris  nitrosi 353 

"        ergotae  fl. — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — tinct.  nucis  vom 365 

"         hyoscyami — chloral — ext.  can.  indicae — pot.  bromidum — aqua.   237 

"         nucis  vom.  fi. — pot.  nitris — el.  gent,  et  ferri  chlor 334 

"         suprarenal  gland  (in  powders) 397 

"         uvae  ursi  fl. — ext.  epigaea  repens  fi. — sp.  aetheris  nitrosi 353 

Ferri  et  ammon.  cit. — lithii  salicyl. — sp.  limon 171 

"  "         "           "  — ac.  carbolic 318 

"  "    quinin.  cit. — acid,  phosphor. — tinct.  cardam.  co 160 

"  "         "        "  — potass,  iodidum 179 

"  "          "         "  — liq.  pot.  arsenilis — strych.  sulph. — aq.  cinnam.  ..  362 

"  "    potass,  tart. — acid,  sulphuric. — potass,  iodidum 325 

"  lactas — calc.  hypophos. — potass,  chloras 85 


290 


INDEX   TO   PRESCRIPTIONS. 


NUMBER 

Ferri  lactas — el.  gent,  et  far.  chlor. — pot.   hypophos. — calc.   hypophos. 

— sod.  hypophos. — ac.  lactic. — strych.  lactas 361 

phosphas — acidi.  phosphoric.  —  quinin.   sulph 324 

"         — phosphorus — strych.  sulph. — det.  el.  cinchon 386 

pyrophos. — acid,  sulphur 28 

sulphas — calc.  hypophos. — mag.  sulph. — pot.   chloras 95 

— morph.  sulph. — pot.  iodidum 106 

— ac.  tannic 15S 

— antikamnia — quin.  sulph. — strych.  sulph 250 

— ac.  salicylic — potass,  permang 281 

— aq.  hydrogen,  diox. — glycerin. — pot.   bichromas 314 

Ferruni  reductum — potass,  permangan 283 

Glycerinum — pot.  chloras — liq.  ferri  chlor 44 

"           — acid,  nitrohydrochlor 62 

"          — pot.  chloras. — ext.  glycyrrh. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 68 

"           — argenti  nitras 364 

"          — aq.  hydrogenii  dioxidi 392 

"           — pot.  iodidum — argenti  nitras 339 

"          — pot.  chloras — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — tinct.  myrrhse 333 

"          — sodii  boras — alumen 382 

■"          — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — syr.  calcis 99 

"          — ac.  carbol. — aq.  hydrogen,  diox no 

"           — aq.  ammon. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 128 

"          — sod.  bicarb. — sod.  boras 141 

"          — pot.  permangan 144 

"          — ac.  sulphurosi  —  pot.  chloras. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 211 

"           — bals.  Peru 223 

"          — ol.  ricini 254 

"          — plumbi  acet. — sod.  boras 259 

"           — ac.  chromic. — alcohol 262 

"          ■ — ol.  tiglii 270 

"           — unguentum 274 

"           — calx  chlorata 279 

"          — liq,  calcis. — liq.  plumbi  subacet 278 

"          — strychnina 284 

"           — petrolatum 303 

"           — aq.  hydrogen,  diox. — ferri  sulph. — pot.  bichrom 314 

Glyceritum  boroglycerini — aqua 316 

Hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — -acid,  pyrogal 26S 

— albumin 22 

— ammon.  carb. — pot.  iodidum 79 

— antimon.  et  pot.  tart 275 

— calc.  hypophos. — syr.  sarsap.  co 172 

— (too  large  a  dose) — potass,  carb 298 

— glycerin. — syr.  calcis 99 


INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS.  291 


NUMBER 


Hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — liq.  ac.  arsenosi — strych.  sulph ig 

"  "  "    — liq.  calcis — muc.  acaciae y2 

"  "         "    — liq.  calcis. — liq.  zinci  chlor 15^ 

"         "    — liq.  pot.  arsenit 58 

'  "         "    —  "       "  "      — quinin.  sulph 127 

"  "  "    —  "       "  "      — quin.  sulph. — sod.  salicyl 233 

"  "         "    — pot.  chloras — sod.  iodidum — ammon.  iodid 8 

"  "  "  • — pot.  iodid. — elix.  cinchon i 

"  "  "    — pot.  carb. — strych.  sulph 52 

"  "         "    — quinin.  sulph. — pot.  iodid. — tinct.  cinchon 227 

"  "         "    —       "  "      — tinct.  ferri  chlor 219 

■*'  "         "    — sp.  ammon.  arom 146 

"  "         "    — sod.  boras 213 

"  "         "    ^syr.  ferri  iodid 63 

"  "         "    — alcohol — iodum — ol.  terebinthin 341 

"  "         "   — antimon.    et    pot.    tart. — sp.     ammon.     arom. — 

morph.  hydrochlor 388 

"  "         "   — aq.  hydrogen,  diox. — morph.   sulph. — zinci  sul- 

phocarb 389 

"  "         "    —liq.  pot.  arsenitis— syr.  ferri  iodidi — el.  cinchon.   396 

*'  "         "    — pot.  iodidum — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — syr.  sarsap...    356 

*'  "         "    — spiritus  aetheris  nitrosi — alcohol 292 

"  "        mite — ac.  hydrobrom ii^i 

"  "  "    — ac.  hydrochlor -.    jgo 

"  "  "    — ammon.  carb 48 

"  "  "    — ammon.  chlor 130 

"  "  "    — liquor  calcis gS 

"  "  "    — pepsinum — sodii  bromidum 329 

"  "  "    — antipyrin. — sod.  bicarb 53 

"  "  "    — aq.  laurocerasi 192 

"  "  "    — cocain.  hydrochlor 136 

"  "  "    — iodoform 315 

"  "  "    — pilocarpin.  hydrochlor 197 

"  "  "    — pot.  bromid 108 

"  "  "    — pot.  chloras 3 

*  "  "    — pot.  cyanid 161 

'  "  "    — pot.  iodid 32 

"  "  "    — sapo 299 

"  "  "    — sod.  bicarb 238 

"  "  "    — tinct.  iodi 207 

'  iodidum  flavum — potass,  iodidum 351 

"  "         viride — potassii  chloras — potassii  iodidum 253 

"  oxid.  flav. — iodol 112 

Hydrargyrum — iodum — ac.  tannic. — glycerinum 327 

"  ammon. — tinct.  iodi 263 

Hydrastinae  sulph. — sod.  boras 117 


292  INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

NUMBER- 

Infus.  cinchon. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — sp.  ammon.  aromat 145 

"      digitalis — ammon.  carb. — acacia — guaiacolum 348 

"       humuli — tinct.  iodi 332 

"       salviae — quinin.  sulph. — sp.  rosemar. — tinct.  canthar 204 

Iodoform — ac.  tannic ,  47 

"         — (insol.  in  syr.) 222 

' '        — hydrarg.  chlor.  nit 315 

lodol — hydrarg.  oxidi  flav 112 

"     — terpin  hydras — syr.  Tolu iSt 

lodum — ale. — ol.  terebin : 76 

"      — camphora — ung.  hydrarg 84 

"      — lin.  camphor  co 235 

"      — (in  ointment) 305 

"      — sp.  camphor — lin.  sapon 29 

"      — ac.  tannic. — glycerinum — hydrargyrum 327 

"      — alcohol — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — ol.  terebinthin 341 

"      — oleatum  hydrargyri 337 

Liniment,  ammoniae — tinct.  iodi — tinct.  aconiti 255 

"           calcis — unguent,  hydrarg.  nit  rat 199 

"           camphor,  CO. — iodum 235 

"           saponis — iodum — sp.  camphor 29 

"                  "      — aq.  ammon. — tinct.  iodi 122 

Liquor  acidi  arsenosi — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — strych.  sulph 19 

"       ammon.  acet. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 201 

"              "            ■'    — ol.  gaulther. — sod.  salicyl. — tinct.  ferri  chlor. . .  225 

"              "            "    — sp.  setheris  nitrosi 374 

"       arsenic — auri  et  sod.  chlor. • 103 

"       arseni  et  hydrarg.  iodidi — quinin.  sulph 17 

"        bismuthi — vini  pepsini 135 

"       calcis — ol.  morrhuae — syr.  ferri  iodidi 16 

"           "     — muc.  acaciae — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor 72 

"           "     — bis.  subnit. — ac.  carbolicum 363^ 

"           "     — hydrargyri  chlor.  mite 98 

'*           "     — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — liq.  zinci  chlor 154 

"           ''     — petrolat. — zinci  carbon. — zinci  oxidum 205 

"            "     — sp.  ammon.  aromat 22S- 

"            "     — liq.  plumbi  subacet. — glycerin 278. 

"           "     — ac.  tannic 291 

*'           "     — ac.  salicyl 312 

"       ferri  chlor. — pot.  chloras — glycerin 44 

"          "     dialys. — liq.  pot.  arsenit 56 

"          "          "      — "      "          "       — tinct.  cinchon 60 

'*          "          "      — mucil.  acaciae 129 

'•          "          "      — tr.  lav.  CO. — tr.  cinchon.  CO. — bis.  subnit 383 

*•          "     et  ammon.  acet. — quinin.  sulph 116 


INDEX   TO   PRESCRIPTICNS.  293 


NUMBER 


Liquor  ferri  et  ammon.  acet. — sp.  aetheris  nitrosi — caffeina  citrata 372 

"  "     subsulph. — acidum  carbolicum— glycerinum 380 

' '       hydrarg.  chlor. — sp.  ammon.  aromat 177 

"  "  "     — syr.  acidi  hydriodici 294 

"       iodi  CO. — liq.  potassae— ol.  olivae 266 

"       morphinae  hydrochlor. — pot.  chloras 293 

"  "  hypodermicus — pot.  iodidum 359. 

"       plumbi  subacet. — tinct.  opii 137 

"  "  "        — mucil.  acacise. .  <■ 169 

"  "  "         — glycerin. — liq.  calcis 278 

"       potassae — liq.  iodi  co. — ol.  olivae 266 

"  potassii    arsenitis — ac.    phosphor. — tinct.   ferri    chlor. — quinin. 

sulph 27 

"       potassii  arsenitis — liq.  ferri  dialys 56 

"  "  "         — hydrarg,  chlor.  cor 58 

"  "  "         — liq.  ferri  dialys. — strych.  hydrochlor 60 

"  "  "        — liq.  strych 77 

"  "  "        — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — quinin.  sulph 127 

"  "  "        — tinct.  nucis  vom 168 

"  "  "         — strych.  nitras 202 

"  "  "        — syr.  ferri  iodidi 214 

"  "  "        — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — sod.  salicyl 233 

"  "  "        — argenti  nitras 252 

"  "               "        — hydrarg.   chlor.   cor. — syr.   ferri    iodidi — el. 

cinchon 396. 

"  "  "        — potassii  iodidum 65 

"  "  "         — pot.  iodidum — strych.  sulph 369. 

"  "                "        — strych.  sulph. — fer.et  quin.cit. — aq.cinnam.    362 

"  "  "        — tinct.  iodi 328 

"       saccharini — liq.  strych.  hydrochlor 330 

"       sodae  chloratae — ammon. — thymol 193 

"  "  "        — aq.  carbol.  —  aq.  ammon 236 

"  sodii  arsenatis — ac.  sulphur. — pot.  iodidum — quinin.  sulph. .  ..    300 

"  "  "         — syr.  ferri  iodidi 390 

"       strych. — sod.  bicarb 57 

"  "      — liq.  pot.  arscnit 77 

"  "      — potassii  iodidum 175 

"  "       hydrochlor. — liq.  saccharini 330 

"        zinci  chlor. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — liq.  calcis 154 

Lithii  bromidum — sodii  phosphas — sodii  chloridum 286 

"      salicylas — ferri  et  ammon.  cit ivt 

Magnesia — aqua 149 

Magnes.  carb. — ac.  citrici — sod.  boras 86 

"         sulph. — calc.  hypophos. — ferri  sulph 9S 

"  "      — ext.  valerian,  fl. — ext.  tarax.  fl. — tinct.  gent,  co 13^ 


294 


INDEX   TO   PRESCRIPTIONS. 


NUMBER 

Massa  ferri  carb. — ac.  sulph.  aromat 246 

Mel — sod.  bicarb. — sod.  boras 234 

Menthol — thymol — ac.  benzoic,  ac.  salicyl. — sod.  bicarb 114 

"        —      "       — eucalyptol — guaiacol  carb. . ._ 248 

'*        — (insolubility  in  water)   185 

"        — chloroformum — tinct.  benzoini — petrolatum  liquidum 400 

Morphinae  acet — pot.  cyanid 49 

"  "    — ac.  tannic. — tinct.  myrrhae 78 

"  "    — sp.  aether  nit. — liq.  ammon.  acet 81 

"  "    ferri  sulph. — potass,  iodidum ic6 

"  hydrochlor. — ammon.  chlor. — codeina 276 

•'  "  — hydrarg.     chlor.     cor. — sp.     ammon.    arom. — 

antim.  et  pot.  tart 3S8 

"  sulph. — atrop.  sulph 88 

— pot.  chloras — tinct.  ferri  chlor 104 

— bis.  subnit. — sod.  bicarb iil 

— sp.  aether,  nit = 126 

— (large  dose) 157 

— cupri  sulp. — zinci  sulph 188 

— aether  chloroform 208 

— sod.  bicarb. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 221 

— antikamnia — elixir  aromat 352 

— aq.    hydrogen,    diox. — hydrarg.    chlor.    cor. — zinci 

sulphocarb 389 

— chloroformum — sp.  ammon.  aromat. — aq  camphorae  340 

— pot.  citras — sp.  aetheris  nitrosi — tinct.  aconiti 378 

Mucilago  acacise — potass,  permanganas 5 

"  "       — tinct.  guaiaci 6 

"  "       — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — sp.  aether,  nit 50 

"  "       —     "  "         "      — liq.  ammon.  acet 71 

"  "       — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — liq.  calcis 72 

"  "       — liq.  ferri  dialys 129 

"  "       — liq.  plumbi  subacet 169 

"  "       — sod.  boras 190 

"  "       — ol.  morrhuae — sod.  boras — syr.  tolu 272 

"  "       — ale 174 


Naphtol — exalgin . 


26Q 


Oleatum  hydrarg. — iodum - . .  337 

Oleum  cubebae — ol.  santali — copaiba — sp.  aeth.  nitrosi 335 

"       gaultheriae — tinct.  ferri  chlor 225 

"       lini — ac.  sulphur. — plumbi  acet. — pot.  nitras 220 

"       morrhuae — syr.  ferri  iodidi — liq.  calcis 16 

"              "        — acacia — sod.  boras — syr.  Tolu 272 

"       olivae — atrop.  sulph 242 


INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


295 


NUMnER 

Oleum  oli  vae — liq.  iodi  co. — liq.  pot 266 

"       ricini — glycerin 254 

"       sabinae — (in  pills) 232 

"       santali — ol.  cubebse — copaiba — sp.  aether,  nitrosi 335 

"       terebinthinae — syrup 37 

— ale. — iodum 76 

— ac.  nitric. — ac.  sulphuric 90 

— hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — iodum — alcohol 341 

— tinct.  iodi 354 

— ac.  nitrohydrochlor „ 143 

— ext.  can.  ind.  fl. — syr.  zingib 166 

— santonin. — syrupus 186 

"       tiglii — glycerin 27a 

Opium — argenti  nitras 368 


Pepsinum — bis.  et  ammon.  cit. — ac.  hydrochlor 30 

"  — hydrarg.  chlor.  mite — sodii  bromidum 329 

"  — sodii  bicarbonas — sodii  bromidum 74 

Petrolatum — bals.  Peru 64 

"  — liq.  calcis 205 

"  — ac.  carbol. — sp.  myrciae 224 

"  — glycerin 303 

"  — ac.  gallicum — cocainae  hydrochlor. — ung.  zinci  oxidi  ....    216 

"  — boroglycerinum 331 

"  — liquidum — chloroformum — menthol — tinct.  benzoini 400 

Phenacetinum — ac.  salicyl. — exalgin 148 

"  — camphora — exalgin — salol 226 

"  — tinct.  ferri  chlor 290 

"  — (insoluble  in  water) 307 

"  — chloral — quinin.   sulph 310 

"  — syrupus 39S 

Phenocol.  hydrochlor. — piperazin 155 

Phosphorus — strych.  sulph. — ferri  phosphas  sol. — det.  el.  cinchon....   3S6 

Picis  liq. — ac.  sulph. — pot.   bichromas igS 

Pilocarpina — hydrarg.  chlor.  mit 197 

Piperazin. — (in  powder) 215 

"         — phenocol!  hydrochlor 155 

"         — strych.  sulph.  —  aq.  chloroformi 3^3 

Plumbi  acetas — quinin.  sulph. — bis.    subnit 13 

"  "      — alum ]4 

"  "      — zinci  sulph 109 

"  "      — ac.  tannic. — alum — zinci  sulph 147 

"  "      — ac.  carbolic — thymol 217 

"  "      — "         "        — ac.  sulphur. — ol.  lini 220 

"  "      — ammon.  carb 231 

"  "      — glycerin. — sod.  boras 259 


296  INDEX  TO  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

NUMBER 

Plumbi  acetas — ac.  pyrogallic 271 

"            "      — ac.  carbol. — camphora — tinct.  iodi 288 

"     subacet. — bis.  subnit. — sodii  bicarb in 

"           "      — zinci  sulph. — tinct.  catechu  co. — tinct.  opii 21 

Podophyllin — quinin.  sulph. — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — tinct.  rhei 2S7 

Potass,  acet. — quinin.  sulph 59 

"           "     — (in  powders) 280 

' '           "     — sp.  aether,  nitrosi 350 

"     bicarbon. — ext.  buchu  fl. — sp.  aether,  nit 51 

"              "        — ac.  sulphuric. — quinin.   sulph 142 

"             "         — syr.  ferri  iodidi 322 

"     bichromas — ac.  sulph. — picis  liquid 198 

"              "          — aq.  hydrogen,  diox. — ferri  sulph. — glycerin 314 

"     bromid. — chloral — elixir 20 

"           "        — hydrarg.  chlor.  mit 108 

"           "        — aq.  camphor 162 

*'           "        — strych.  sulph 180 

"           "        — chloral — ext.  can.  indicae — ext.    hyoscyami — aqua 237 

"           "        — pot.  iodidum — quin.  sulph. — ac.  sulph.  dil 375 

"     carbonas — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — strych.  sulph 52 

"            "         — massa  ferri  carbon. — ac.  arsenosi 187 

"     chloras — hydrarg.  chlor.  mit 3 

"           "      — ammon.  iodid. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor 8 

*'           "      — sod.  hypophosphis 9 

"           *'      — antimon.  sulphur. — saccharum — sulphur 36 

"           "      — aq.  menth.  pip. — tinct.  myrrh. — ac.  carbol 39 

"           "      — glycerin. — liq.  ferri.   chlor 44 

"           "      — ac.  hydrochlor 45 

*'            "      — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — ext.  glycyrrh.   fl. — glycerin 68 

"            ''      — syr.  ferri  iodid. — vin.  antimon 80 

"           "      — carbo  ligni — cinchona — potass,  salicyl 82 

"            "      — calc.  hypophos. — ferri  lactas 83 

"           "      —  "              "           — ferri  sulph. — mag.  sulph 95 

"           "       — morph.  sulph. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 104 

"  "      — quinin.  sulph. — sod.  hyposulph. — tinct.  ferri  chlor.  ..  .  150 

"           "      — catechu 184 

"           "      — ac.  sulphuros. — glycerin. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 211 

*'           "      — ac.  sulphuros 261 

"           "      — liq.  morph.  hydrochlor 292 

*'           "      — ac.  sulphuric.  —  syr.  ferri  iodidi 306 

"           "      — ac.  carbolici — tinct.  ferri  chloridi 336 

"           "      — potas.  iodidum — hydrarg.  iodidum  viride 253 

"           "      — saccharum 355 

*'           "      — spir.  aether,  nit. — pot.  citras — ac.  camphorae 338 

"           "       — syrupus  ferri  iodidi 358 

"       citras — sp.  aether,  nit I45 


INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


297 


NUMBER 

Potass,  citras — acid,  citric. — quinin.  sulph 196 

"  "     (in  powders) 379 

««  ••     — morph.  sulph. — sp.  aether,  nitrosi — tinct.  aconiti 378 

"       cyanid. — morph.  acet 49 

"  "      — hydrarg.  chlor.  mite 161 

"  "      —chloral 203 

■"  "      — strych.  sulph 273 

''       et  sod.  tart. — ac.  sulph.  arom 163 

"  hypophos. — ac.  lactic. — ferri  lactas— el.  gent,  et  fer.  chlor.  ...   361 

•"       lodidum — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor.— elix.  cinchon i 

"  "        — sp.  aether,  nit 26 

*'  "        — hydrarg.  chlor.  mit 32 

♦'  "        — quinin.  sulph. — strych.  sulph 34 

**  "        — codeina 3^ 

"'  "        — sp.  aether,  nit.— tinct.  ferri  chlor 55 

"  "        — ammon.  carb. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor 79 

"  "        — ferri  sulph. — morph.  acet 106 

"  "        — quinin.  sulph. — ac.  nitrohydrochlor 115 

■"  "        — quinin.  sulph. — ac.  tartaric 119 

♦'  "        — amyl.  nitris 132 

*'  "       — ferri  et  quinin.  cit I79 

<'  "        — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — quinin.  sulph 227 

■•'  "        — ac.  citric. — quinin.  sulph 289 

<«  "        — ac.  sulph. — liq.  sod.  arsenat. — quinin.  sulph 300 

*'  "        — argenti  nitras — glycerinum 339 

*'  "        — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — tinct.  fer.  chlor. — syr.  sarsap..   356 

■*•  "        — hydrarg.  iodidum  flavum 351 

"  "        — hydrarg.  iodidum  viride — potas.  chloras 253 

*'  •'        — liq.  morph.  hypodermicus 359 

"  "        — liq.  potassii  arsenitis 65 

■"  "        — liq.  pot.  arsenit. — strych.  sulph 369 

*'  "        — liquor  strychninae I75 

*'  "        — pot.  bromidum — quin.  sulph. — ac.  sulph.  dil.'. 375 

—(in  pills) 304 

■"  "        — ferri  et  potass,  tart.— acid,  sulphuric 325 

"       nitras — sod.  chlor. — aqua — ale. — tinct.  opii 212 

*'  "      — plumbi  acet. — ac.  sulphur. — ol.  lini 220 

"  nitris — ext.  nucis  vom.  fl. — ext.  digitalis  fl. — tinct.  strophan  . .  .    334 

"       permanganas — mucil.  acaciae 5 

"  "  — ext.  glycyrrhiz. — glyc.  amyli 89 

"  "  — glycerin I44 

«'  "  — aq.  hydrogen,  diox 191 

*•  "  — argent,  nitras 247 

*'  "  — ac.  carbolic 258 

<•  "  — ac.  salicylic. — ferri  sulph 281 

«<  "  — ferrum  reduct. — quinin.  sulph 283 


298  INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS. 

NUMnFR- 

Potass,  salicylas — carbo  ligni — pot.  chloras 82 

sulphurat. — zinci  sulph 245, 

Pyrogallol  {sed  Acid,  pyrogallic). 


Qui 


nin.  bisulph. — liq.  ferri  et  ammon.  acet Ii6. 

"       — tinct.  catechu  co 140 

"       — antikamnia 93, 

sulph. — ammon.  carb. — ac.  sulph 2 

"      — plumbi  acet. — bis.  subnit 13 

"      — acid,  tannic. — acid,  sulph 15 

"      — liq.  arseni  et  hydrarg.  iodidi 17 

"      — sod.  salicyl i& 

"  — ac.    phosphor. — liq.   pot.   arsen. — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — 

tinct.  iodi  co 27 

"      — pot.  iodidum — strych.  sulph 34 

"      — pot.   acet £9. 

"      — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — strych.  sulph. 92 

"      — ac.  nitrohydrochlor. — potass,  iodidum 115 

"      — ac.  tartaric. — pot.  iodidum 119 

"      — tinct.  ferri  chlor 123 

"      — ac.  sulph.— pot.  bicarb 142 

"  — pot.  chloras. — sod.  hyposulph. — tinct.  ferri  chlor....  150 

"      — ac.  hydrobrom. — sod.  salicyl 178 

"      — ac.  citric. — potass,  citras 196 

"      — infus.  salviae — sp.  rosemar 204 

"      — sod.  benzoat. — elixir 218 

"      — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 219 

"      — sod.  bicarb. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 221 

"      — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — pot.  iodidum 227 

"      —       "              "         "     — liq.  pot.   arsenit 233 

"      — antikamnia — ferri  sulph. — strych.  sulph 250 

"      — tinct.  guaiac.  ammon. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 282 

"      — ac.  sulph.   arom. — sp.  ammon.  aromat 385 

"      — ammonii  valerianas , 399 

"      — pot.  iodidum — pot.   bromidum — ac.  sulph.  dil 375 

"  — sodii  salicyl. — sp.   aetheris  nitrosi — -tinct.  podophyl. .  .  376 

"      — sodii  salicylas — trional.  ...    395 

"  — strych.  sulph.- — ac.  phosphor,  dil. — tinct.  ferri  chlor. .  326 

"  — syr.  ferri  iodidi — tinct.  nucis  vomicae — glycerinum. . .  387 

"      — ferrum  reduct. — pot.  permang 283 

"      — podophyllin. — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — tinct.  rhei 287 

"      — ac.  citric. — quinin.  sulph. 289 

"      — syr.  ferri  iodidi — syr.  hypophos 296 

"      — ac.  sulphur. — liq.  sod.  arsenat. — pot.  iod 300 

"      — chloral — phenacetin 310 

*'      — antipyrin. — chloral 320 


INDEX   TO   PRESCRIPTIONS. 


299 


NUMHI- I< 

Quinin.  sulph, — ac.  sulphuric. — ferri  et  pot.  tart 323 

Resorcinum — sp.  aether,   nit 120 

"  — acetanilid. — antipyrin 240 

Rheum — tinct.  ferri  chlor 27 


Saccharum — pot.  chloras 

Salol — thymol 

"    — acetanilid. — camphor,   monobrom 

"    — tinct.   ferri  chlor 

"    — camphor — exalgin — phenacetin 

"    — trional  —  hydrarg.  chlor.  mite . 

Santonin — (too  large  a  dose) 

"       — ol.  terebin. — syrup 

Sapo. — hydrarg.  chlor.  mite 

Sodii  arsenas — (too  large  a  dose) 

benzoas — quinin.  sulph. — elix 

bicarbonas — antipyrin. — hydrarg.  chlor.  mit , 

"  — liq.  strych 

' '  — acid,  salicyl 

"  — bis.  subnit 

"  —  "         "      — morph.  sulph. — plumbi  subacet 

"  — ac.  benzoic. — ac.  salicyl 

"  — sod.  boras. — glycerin 

"  — ac.  hydrocyanic 

"  — quinin.  sulph. — morph.  sulph. — tinct.  ferri  chlor. 

"  — mel — sod.  boras , 

"  — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor 

"  — (insolubility  in  chloroform) 

'*  — pepsinum — sodii  bromidum 

boras — zinci  sulph 

"     — chloral 

' '     — ac.  citric. — mag.  carb 

"     — ac.  salicyl.— ac.  benzoic,  glycerin , 

"     — hydrastin.  sulph 

"     — sod.  bicarb. — glycerin 

"     — cocain.  hydrochlor 

"     — mucil.  acaciae 

"     — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor 

"     — ac.  benzoicum — syrupus 

"     — acid,  salicyl. — atropina  sulph. — strych.  sulph 

"     — alumen — glycerinum 

"     — aqua — tinct.  myrrhae 

"     — zinci  sulphas 

"     — mel — sod.  bicarbon 

"     — glycerin. — plumbi.  acet 


36,3 


55 
125 
153 
264 
22& 
346- 
173 
186 
299. 
293 
218 

53 

57 
91 
107 
III 
114 
141 
152 
221 

234 
238 

239 
74 
25 
43 
86 

114 

"7 
141 
176 

19a 
213 
357 
377 
382 
36a 
10 
234 
259. 


300 


INDEX   TO   PRESCRIPTIONS. 


NUMBER 

Sodii  boras — acacia — ol.   morrhuae — syr.  tolu. . ., 272 

"      bromidum — antipyrinum — camphorae— caffeina  cit 347 

"               *'         — antipyrinum — caffeina — aq.  cinnam. — syr.  limonis.  .  .  371 

■"               "         — chloral — antipyrinum — syr.  limonis 342 

*'               "         — hydrarg.  chlor.  mite — pepsinum 329 

"               "         — pepsinum — sodii  bicarbonatis 74 

"      chlorid. — argent,   nitras 170 

"            "       — ale. — aqua 212 

"      hypophos. — bis.  subnitras 7 

"               "          — potass,  chloras g 

"               "          — ac.  sulphurosi 31 

"              "           — calc.  hypophos. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 181 

■"               "           — el.  gent,  et  ferri  chlor. — ferri  lactas — strych.  lactas..  361 

"      hyposulphis — potass,  chloras — tinct.  ferri  chlor 150 

"      iodid. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — potass,  chloras 8 

"      phosphas — aqua — syrupus 23 

"              "         — strych.  sulph 75 

"              "         — lithii  bromidum — sodii  chloridum 286 

"      salicylas — quinin.  sulph 18 

"              "        — syr.  limonis 54 

"              "        — ammon.  carb.  —  sp.  aether,  nit 96 

*'              "        — antipyrin 114 

"              "        — ac.  hydrobrom. — ^quinin.  sulph 178 

"              "        — sp.  aether,  nit 210 

"              "        — liq.  ammon.  acet. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 225 

■"              "        — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — quinin.  sulph 233 

*'             "        — bismuthi  subnit 309 

■"              "        — ammonii  chloridum — syr.   Tolu 394 

■"              "        — quin.  sulph. — sp.  aeth.  nitrosi — tinct.  podophyl 376 

"              "        — antipyrinum — caffeina  citrata 393 

"              "        — pot.  cit. — pot.  iodidum — sulphonal 367 

' '              '^        — quin.  sulph. — trional 395 

Spiritus  aetheris  nitrosi — ext.  buchu  fl 11 

"               "              "     — potass,  iodid 26 

"               "              "     —tinct.   ferri  chlor. — mucil.  acaciae 50 

"               "              "     — ext.  buchu  fl 51 

"               "              "     — potass,  iodid. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 55 

"               "              "     — morph.  acet. — liq.  ammon.  acet 81 

"               "             "     — ammon.  carb. — sod.  salicyl 96 

"              "             "     — antipyrin 118 

"               "              "     — resorcin 120 

"               "              "     — morph.  sulph 126 

"               "              "     — ext.  digitalis  fl 138 

"              "             "     — potass,  citras — syrup 145 

"               "              "     — sod.  salicyl 210 

"              "             "     — tinct.  colchici — tinct.  guiaci 244 


INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


301 


NUMBER 

Spiritus  setheris  nitrosi — diuretin — tinct.  ferri  chlor 319 

"              "     — acetanilidum 131 

"              "     — caffeina  citrata — liq.  ferri  et  ammon.  acet 372 

"              "     — copaiba — ol.  cubebae — ol.  santali 335 

"             "     — ext.  digitalis  fl 366 

"              "     — ext.  epigaea  repens  fl. — ext.  uvae  ursi  fl 353 

"              "     — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — alcohol 292 

"              "     — liq.  ammon  ii  ace  tat  is 374 

"              "     — potass,  acetas 350 

"              "     — pot.  chloras — pot.  citras — aq.  camphorae 338 

"  "     — sodii     salicylas — quin.     sulph. — tinct.     podo- 

phylli 376 

"             "     — tinct.  aconiti — morph.  sulph. — pot.  citras. .. .  378 

ammon. Jaromat. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — infus.  cinchon 146 

— strych.  sulph. — elixir 165 

— hydrarg.  chlor.  cor 177 

— liq.  calcis 228 

— zinci  acet. — bis.  subnit 229 

— tinct.  opii 251 

— ac.  sulph.  aromat.  quin.  sulph. — syr.  sarsap.  385 
— aq.       camphorae  —  chloroformum  —  morph. 

sulph 340 

— bis.  subnit. — aqua — ac.carbol. — tinct.  capsic.  370 
—  hydrarg.   chlor.  cor. — antimon.  et  pot.  tart. 

— morph.  hydrochlor 388 

camphorae — iodum — lin.  saponis 29. 

frumenti — chloroform 251 

myrciae — ac.  carbol. — petrolat 224 

rosemarini — infus.  salviae 204 

Strychnina — (insolubility  in  syr.) 222 

"         — (insolubility  in  glycer.) 284 

Strychninae  hydrochlor — liq.  potass,  arsenit 60 

nitras. — liq.  potass. 'arsenit 202 

"       — atrop.  sulph. — aurietsod.  chlor. — ext.  cinchon.  fl..  381 

sulph. — auri  et  sod.  chlor, — atrop.  sulph 87 

— sp.  ammon.  arom. — elix 165 

— potass,  bromid 180 

— antikamnia 250 

— potass.  C3'anid 273 

— liq.  ac  arsenosi. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor 19 

— pot.  iodid 34 

— potass,  carb. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor 52 

— (too  large  a  dose) 69 

— sod.  phosphas 75 

— ac.  phosphor,  dil. — quin,  sulph. — tinct.  ferri  chlor.  326 

— ac.  salicyl. — sodii  boras — atropina  sulph 377 


302 


INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


NUMBER 

Strychninae  sulph. — alcohol — auri  et  sodii  chlor. — syr.  cinnamomi 349 

"                "      — ferri  phosphas  sol. — phosphorus — det.  el.  cinchon.  386 

"                "      — liq.  pot.  arsenitis— ferri  et  qain.  cit. — aq.  cinnam.  362 

"                "      — liq.  pot.  arsenit. — pot.  iodidum 369 

"                "      — piperizinum — aq.  chloroformi 343 

Sulphonal — pot.  cit. — pot.  iodidum — sod.  salicyl 367 

Sulphur — potass,  chloras 36 

"        — calx 277 

Syrupus — liq.  ferri  dialys. — muc.  acaciae 129 

— aq.  ammon. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 209 

acidi  hydriodici — bismuth  subnit 73 

"               "         — liq.  hydrarg.  chlor.  cor 294 

allii — ammon.  carb 24 

calcis — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — glycerin 99 

cinnamomi — alcohol — auri  et  sodii  chlor. — strych.  sulph 349 

ferri  iodidi — ol.  morrhuae — liq.  calcis 16 

— hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — liq.  am.  acet 63 

— potass,  chloras — vin.  antimon 80 

— liq.  pot.  arsenit 214 

— antipyrin 257 

— quinin.  sulph. — syr.  hypophos 296 

— ac.  sulphur. — potass,  chloras 306 

— potass,  bicarbon 322 

— hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — liq.   pot.  arsenitis. — el.  cin- 
chon   396 

— liq.  sodii  arsenatis 390 

— pot.  chloras 358 

— quin.  sulph. — tinct.  nucis  vomicae — glycerinum.  .  387 

hypophosphitum — ac.  phosphoricum — tinct.  ferri  chloridi  ....  295 

"                — quinin.  sulph. — syr.  ferri  iodidi 296 

ipecac. — ammon.  carb. — vin.  pepsin. 35 

limonis — sod.  salicyl 54 

"       — ferri  et  ammon.  cit. — lithii  salicyl 171 

"        — potass,  et  sod.  tart. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 255 

sarsapar.  CO. — calc.  hypophos. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor.... 172 

scillae — ammon.  carb 4 

Tolu. — acacia — sod.  boras 272 


Terpini  hydras — iodol — syr.  Tolu 183 

"  "       — (insoluble  in  water) 321 

Thymol — ac.  benz. — ac.  salicyl. — eucalyptol — menthol — sod.  bicarb...  114 

"       — salol 125 

"       — aq.  ammon. — liq.  sod.   chloratae 193 

"       — ac.  carbol,  — plumbi  acet 217 

"       — eucalyptol — guaiacol  carb. — menthol 248 

"       — ac.  carb. — ceratum 285 


INDEX   TO   PRESCRIPTIONS. 


303 


NUMBER 

Tinct.  aconiti — sp.  aetheris  nitrosi — morph.  sulph. — pot.  citras 37S 

"       aloes — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — tinct.  guaiaci  ammon 156 

"       benzoini — chloroformum — menthol — petrolatum  liquidum 400 

"       canthar. — infus.   salviae — quin.  sulph. — sp.  rosemar 204 

*■       cardam.  co. — ferri  et  quin.  cit. — acid,  phosphor 160 

"       catechu  CO. — plumbi  subacet. — tinct.  opii — zinci  acet 21 

"  "  "  — quinin.  bisulph 140 

"  cinchon.  co. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — pot.  iodidum — quin.  sulph..    227 

"  -'  "  — liq.  ferri  dialys. — tr.  lav.  co. — bis.  subnit 383 

"       cinnamomi — ergotin 230 

"       colchici  — sp.  Eether.  nit. — tinct.  guaiac 244 

"       digitalis — ac.  phosphor. — tinct.  ferri  chlor I2 

"        ferri  chlor. — ac.  phosphor. — tinct.  digitalis 12 

"  "         "     — tinct.   iodi  co. — liq.   pot.   arsen. — acid,  phosphor.— 

quinin.  sulph 27 

•'  '■  "     — muc  acaciae — sp.  seth.  nit 50 

"  "         "     — tinct.  gent.  CO. — sp.  aeth.  nit. — pot.  iodidum 55 

"  "         "     — ext.  glycyrrhizae  fl. — glycerin. — potass,  chloras. .. .     68 

"  "  "     — liq.  ammon.  acet. — muc.  acaciae 71 

"  "         "     — ac.  carbol. — ac.  sulphurosum 94 

"  "  "     — antipyrin lOO 

"  "  "     — morph.  sulph. — potass,  chloras 104 

"  "         "     — quinin.  sulph 123 

"  "  "     — aq.  gaultheriae 124 

"  "         "     — aq.  ammon. — glycerin 128 

"  "         "     — aq.  ammon. — syrupus 209 

*'  "         "     — pot.  chloras — quininae  sulph. — sod.  hyposulph 150 

"  "         "     — tinct.  aloes — tinct.  guaiaci  ammon 156 

"  "          "     — liq.  pot .  arsen. — sod.  hypophos. — calc.  hypophos. — 

ac.  phosphor 181 

"  "  "     — aq.  pimentae 195 

"  "  "     — liq.  ammon.  acet 201 

"  "         "     — ac.  sulph. — glycerin. — potass,  chloras 2H 

"  "  "     — morph.  sulph. — quininae  sulph. — sod.  bicarb 221 

"  ''         "     — liq.   ammon.  acet. — ol.  gaulther. — sod.  salicyl 225 

"  "  "     — salol   ' 264 

"  "  "     — aq.  cinnamon. — liq.  acid,  arsen. — quin.  sulph 267 

"  "  "     — quininae  sulph. — tinct.  guaiaci  ammon 282 

"  '•■  "     — quininae  sulph. — podophyllin — tinct.  rhei 287 

"  '  "     — ac.  carbolici — potass,  chloras 336 

"  "          "     — ac.  phosphoric,  dil. — quin.  sulph. — strych.  sulph.  .    326 

"  "  "     — ac.  phosphoricum — syr.  hypophosphitum 295 

"  "         "     — glycerinum — pot ,  chloras — tinct.  myrrhae 333 

"  "         "     — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — pot.  iodidum — syr.  sarsap...    356 

"  "         "     — tinct.  nucis  vom. — ext.  ergotse  fl 365 

"  "  "     — phenacetin 290 


304 


INDEX   TO  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


NUMBER- 

Tinct.  ferri  chlor. — calc.  hypophos 297 

"  "  "     — acetanilid 313 

"  "  "     — diuretin 319 

"       gentian,  co. — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — sp.  feth.  nit. — potass,  iodidi.  ..      55 

"       guaiaci — sp.  aether,  nit. — tinct.  colch 244 

"  "       — mucil.  acacife 6 

"  "     ammon. — tinct.  aloes — tinct.  ferri  chlor 156 

"  "  "         — quin.  sulph. — tinct.  ferri  chlor 282 

"       hyoscyami— (in  pills) 31'j: 

"       iodi — aq.  ammon. — lin.  saponis 122 

— ac.  hydrocyan.  dil. — tinct.  iodi 97 

— aqua — glycerin 134 

— hydrarg.  chlor.  mit 207 

— ac.  tannic 260 

— hydrarg.  ammon 263. 

— ac.  tannic. — ac.  carbol. — ceratum 373 

— aq.  ammon. — collodium 265 

— ac.  carbol. — camphor. — plumbi  acet 288 

— inf us.  humuli 332 

— lin.  ammoniae — tinct.  aconiti 255 

— liq.  pot.  arsenitis 328 

— ol.  terebinthinae 354 

— tinct.  myrrhae — ac.  tannic. — pot.  iodidum — aq.  rosae 391 

— ung.  hydrargyri 256 

CO. — ac.  phosphor. — liq.  pot.   arsen. — quin.  sulph. — tinct. 

ferri  chlor 27 

"    — auri  chlor. — glycerin. — menthol loi 

"    — ac.  salicylici 317 

"         lavendulae  co. — tr.  cinchon.  co. — liq.  ferri  dialys. — bis.  subnit..   383 

"         lobelise— (too  large  dose) 46 

"         myrrhae — ac.  tannic. — morph.  acet. — syr.  zingiber 7S 

"  "        — aqua — sodii  boras 360 

"  "        — glycerinum — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — pot.  chloras 333 

"  "        — tinct.  iodi — ac.  tannic. — pot.  iodidum — aq.  rosse 391 

"         nucis  vom. — ac.  nitrohydrochlor 33 

"  "  "     — liq.  pot.  arsenit 168 

"  "         "     — syr.  ferri  iodidi — quin.  sulph.  glycerinum 387 

"  "  "     — tinct.  ferri  chlor. — ext.  ergotse  fl 365 

"         opii — plumb,  acet. — tinct.  catechu  co. — zinc,  acet 21 

"  "  — liq.  plumb,  subacet 137 

'  "  — bis.  subnit. — sp,  ammon.  arom.- — zinc,  acet 229 

"         podophylli — sp.  aether,  nit. — sod.  salicyl. — quin.  sulph 376 

"         rhei — quin.  sulph. — podophyllin — tinct.  ferri  chlor 287 

"  strophanthi — el.  gent,  et  ferri  chlor. ^ — pot.  nitris 334 

Trional — quin.  sulph. — sodii  salicylas 395 

"       — salol — hydrarg.  chlor.  mite 346, 


INDEX   TO   PRESCRIPTIONS.  305 

NUMBER 

Unguentum — glycerinum 274 

"             hydrargyri — ale. — aq. — camph 84 

'•                        "           nitratis — lin.  calcis 199 

"             hydrargyri — tinct.  iodi 256 

Vaselin  {see  Petrolatum). 

Vin,  pepsini — ammon.  carb. — syr.  ipecac 35 

"  "       — liq.  bismuthi 135 

Zinci  acet. — bis.  subnit. — sp.  amrr.on.  aromat 229 

"      sulph. — alum — ac.  tannici — plumb,  acet 147 

"  "       (too  much) 188 

"         "      — plumbi  acet   109 

"         "      —     "         subacet. — tinct.  catechu  co. — tinct.  opii 21 

"         "      — potass,  sulphurat 245 

"         "      — sod.  boras 10,  25 

"     sulphocarb. — hydrarg.  chlor.  cor. — aq.  hydrogen  diox. — morph. 

sulph 389 


SHORT-TITLE   CATALOGUE 

OF  THE 

PUBLICATIONS 

OP 

JOHN   WILEY   &    SONS, 

New    York. 
London:    CHAPMAN    &    HALL,   Limited. 


ARRANGED  UNDER  SUBJECTS. 


Descriptive  circulars  sent  on  application. 

B  )olis  marked  with  an  asterisk  are  sold  at  net  prices  only. 

All  books  are  bound  in  cloth  unless  otherwise  stated. 


AGRICULTURE. 

Armsby's  Manual  of  Cattle  Feediug 12mo,     f  1  75 

Budd  aud  Hansen,  American  Horticulture  Manual.  .(In  pirss.) 

Downing's  Fruit  and  Fruit  Trees 8vo,       5  00 

Grotenfell's  The  Principles  of  Modern  Dairy  Practice.     ^Woll.) 

12mo, 

Kemp's  Landscape  Gardening. 12mo, 

Maynard's  Landscape  Gardening 12mo, 

Steel's  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  the  Dog 8vo, 

Stockbridge's  Rocks  aud  Soils ...  .8vo, 

Woll's  Handbook  for  Farmers  and  Dairymen 12mo, 

ARCHITECTURE. 

Berg's  Buildings  and  Structures  of  American  Railroads 4to, 

Birkmire's  American  Theatres— Planning  aud  Construction. 8vo, 

"        Architectural  Iron  and  Steel 8vo, 

"        Compound  Riveted  Girders 8vo, 

"         Skeleton  Construction  in  Buildings 8vo, 

"        Planning  aud  Construction  of  High  Office  Buildings. 

8vo, 

Briggs'  Modern  Am.  School  Building 8vo, 

Carpenter's  Heating  and  Ventilating  of  Buildings 8vo, 

1 


2  00 

2  50 

1  50 

3  50 

2  50 

1  50 

5  00 

3  00 

3  50 

2  00 

3  00 

3  50 

4  00 

3  00 

12  50 

2  50 

1  00 

1  50 

5  00 

75 

4  GO 

5  00 

4  00 

6  00 

6  50 

5  00 

5  50 

Freitag's  Architectural  Engineering 8vo, 

"        The  Fireprooflng  of  Steel  Buildings 8vo, 

Gerhard's  Sanitary  House  Inspection 16mo, 

"         Theatre  Fires  and  Panics 12nio, 

Hatfield's  American  House  Carpenter 8vo, 

Holly's  Carpenter  and  Joiner ISmo, 

Kidder's  Architect  and  Builder's  Pocket-book. .  .16mo,  morocco, 

Merrill's  Stones  for  Building  and  Decoration Bvo, 

Monckton's  StEiir  Building— Wood,  Iron,  and  Stone 4to, 

Wait's  Engineering  and  Architectural  Jurisprudence Bvo, 

Sheep, 
"       Law  of  Operations  Preliminary  to  Construction  in  En- 
gineering and  Architecture. 8vo, 

Sheep, 
Worcester's  Small  Hospitals — Establishment  and  IMainteuance, 
including   Atkinson's   Suggestions    for    Hospital   Archi- 
tecture  ]2mo, 

*  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893 Large  4to, 

ARMY,  NAVY,  Etc. 

*Bruff's  Ordnance  and  Gunnery 8vo, 

Chase's  Screw  Propellers 8vo, 

Cronkhite's  Gunnery  for  Kon-com.  Officers 32nio,  morocco, 

"*  Davis's  Treatise  on  Military  Law 8vo, 

Sheep, 

*  "      Elements  of  Law Bvo, 

De  Brack's  Cavalry  Outpost  Duties.     (Carr.). . .  .32mo,  morocco, 
Dietz's  Soldiers  First  Aid 16mo,  morocco, 

*  Dredge's  Modern  French  Artillery. . .  .Large  4to,  half  morocco, 

*  "  Record   of   the   Transportation    Exhibits    Building, 

World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893.. 4to,  half  morocco, 
Durand's  Resistance  and  Propulsion  of  Ships Bvo, 

*  Fiebeger's    Field   Fortification,    including   Military   Bridges, 

Demolitions,  Encampments  and  Communications. 

Large  12mo,  2  00 

♦Dyer's  Light  Artillery 12nio,  3  00 

*HofC'.s  Naval  Tactics Bvo,  1  50 

*Ingalls's  Ballistic  Tables , Bvo,  1  50 

2 


1  25 

1  00 

6  00 

3  00 

2  00 

7  00 

7  50 

2  50 

2  00 

1  25 

15  00 

5  00 

5  00 

Ingalls's  Hiindbook  of  Problems  in  Direct  Fire 8vo, 

M;ihau's  Permanent  Fort ilications.  (Mercur.).Svo,  half  morocco, 
*Mercur's  Attack  of  Fortified  Places. 12mo, 

*  "         Elements  of  tlie  Art  of  War 8vo, 

Metcalfe's  Ordnance  and  Gunnery 12mo,  with  Atlas, 

Murray's  A  Manual  for  Courts  Martial IGmo,  morocco, 

"         Infantry  Drill  Regulations  adapted  to  the  Springfield 

Rifle,  Caliber  .45 32mo,  paper, 

*■  Phelps's  Practical  Marine  Surveying 8vo, 

Powell's  Army  Officer's  Examiner 13mo, 

Sharpe's  Subsisting  Armies 32mo,  morocco, 

Wheeler's  Siege  Operations 8vo, 

Wiulhrop's  Abridgment  of  Military  Law 13mo, 

WoodhuU's  Notes  on  Military  Hygiene 16mo, 

Young's  Simple  Elements  of  Navigation 16mo,  morocco, 

"  '.'  "         "  "  first  edition 

ASSAYING. 
Fletcher's  Quant.  Assaying  with  the  Blowpipe..  16mo,  morocco, 

Furman's  Practical  Assaying 8vo, 

Kuuhardt's  Ore  Dressing 8vo, 

Miller's  Manual  of  Assaying 12cio, 

O'Driscoll's  Treatment  of  Gold  Ores 8vo, 

Ricketts  and  Miller's  Notes  on  Assaying 8vo, 

Thurston's  Alloys,  Brasses,  and  Bronzes 8vo, 

Wilson's  Cyanide  Processes. 12mo, 

"       The  Chlorinatiou  Process 12mo, 

ASTRONOMY. 

•Craig's  Azimuth 4to, 

Doolittle's  Practical  Astronomy 8vo, 

Gore's  Elements  of  Geodesy 8vo, 

Hayford's  Text-book  of  Geodetic  Astronomy 8vo. 

*  Michie  and  Harlow's  Practical  Astronomy 8vo, 

♦White's  Theoretical  and  Descriptive  Astronomy 12mo, 

BOTANY. 

Baldwin's  Orchids  of  New  England Small  8vo, 

Thome's  Structural  Botany 16mo, 

Westermaier's  General  Botany.     (Schneider.)  8vo, 

3 


$4  00 

7  50 

2  00 

4  00 

5  00 

1  50 

10 

2  50 

4  00 

1  50 

2  00 

2  50 

1  50 

2  00 

1  00 

1  50 

3  00 

1  50 

1  00 

2  CO 

3  00 

2  50 

1  50 

1  50 

3  50 

4  00 

2  50 

3  00 

3  00 

3  00 

1  50 

2  25 

2  00 

BRIDGES,   ROOFS,    Etc. 

{Sec  also  Engixeehing,  p.  7.) 

Boiler's  Highway  Bridges 8vo,  $2  Oft 

*  "       The  Thames  River  Bridge 4to,  paper,  5  00 

Burr's  Stresses  iu  Bridges 8vo,  3  50 

Crehore's  Mechanics  of  the  Girder 8vo,  5  00 

Du  Bois's  Stresses  iu  Fraiiicd  Slructures Small  4to,  10  00 

Foster's  Woodeu  Trestle  Bridges  4to,  5  00 

Greeue's  Arches  iu  Wood,  eic 8vo,  3  50 

Bridge  Trusses  8vo,  3  50 

Hoof  Trusses 8vo,  135 

Howe's  Treatise  ou  Arches 8vo,  4  00^ 

Johuson's  3Ioderu  Framed  Slructures Sm;dl  4to,  10  00 

Merrimau    &    Jacoby's    Text-book    of    Roofs     and    Bridges. 

Part  I.,  Stresses 8vo,  2  50 

Merriman    &    Jacoby's     Text-book    of    Roofs    and     Bridges. 

Part  II..  Graphic  Statics. 8vo,  2  50 

Merrimau    &    Jacoby's     Text-book    of    Roofs    and     Bridges. 

Part  III.,  Bridge  Design Svo,  2  50 

Merrimau    &   Jacoby's     Text-book    of    Roofs    and    Bridges. 

Part  IV.,  Continuous,  Draw,  Cantilever,  Suspension,  and 

Arched  Bridges 8vo,  3  50 

*  Morison's  The  Memphis  Bridge Oblong  4to,  10  00 

Waddell's  De  Poutibus  (a  Pocket-book  for  Bridge  Engineers). 

16mo,  morocco,  8  00 

"        Specifications  for  Steel  Bridges 12rao,  125 

Wood's  Construction  of  Bridges  and  Roofs Svo,  3  00 

Wright's  Designing  of  Draw  Spans.     Parts  I.  and  II.. Svo,  each  3  50 

"      "           "          Complete Svo,  3  50 

CHEMISTRY— BIOLOGY-PHARMACY— SANITARY  SCIENCE. 

Adriauce's  Laboratory  Calcul:'.tions 13mo,  1  35 

Allen's  Tables  for  Iron  Analysis Svo,  8  GO' 

Austen's  Notes  for  Chemical  Students ISrao,  1  50' 

Bolton's  Student's  Guide  in  Quantitative  Analysis Svo,  1  50- 

Boltwood's  Elementary  Electro  Chemistry (Tn  the  press.) 

Classen's  Analysis  by  Electrolysis.   (IIerrickandBollwood.).8vo,  3  0Q> 

4 


$2  00 

1  50 

1  25 

1  25 

1  25 

6  00 

3  00 

5  GO 

1  50 

CoLii's  ludiciitors  aud  Test-papers 12ii)o 

■Ciafts's  Qualilative  Analysis.     (Scbaeffer.) 12mo, 

Davenporl's  Statistical  Methods  with  Special  Reference  to  Bio- 
logical Variations 12mo,  morocco, 

Drecbsel's  Chemical  lieaclions.    (Merrill.) 12mo, 

Erdmanu's  Iiitroducliou  to  Chemical  Preparations.     (Dunlap.) 

12mo, 

Frcsenius's  Qaaulitativc  Chemical  Analysis.    (Allen.) 8vo, 

"  Qualitative  "  "  (Johnson.) 8vo, 

(Wells.)         Trans. 

lOlh  German  Edition 8vo, 

Fucrtes's  Water  and  Public  Health 12ni(), 

' '         Water  Filtration  Works {In  press.) 

Gill's  Gas  and  Fuel  Analysis 12mo,       1  25 

Goodrich's  Economic  Disposal  of  Towns'  Refuse {In  press.) 

Il-immarslen's  Physiological  Chemistry.    (Maudel.) Bvo,       4  00 

Ilelm's  Principles  of  jMathematical  Chemistry.    (Morgan).  12mo,       1  50 

Hopkins'  Oil-Chemist's  Handbook Bvo,       3  00 

Xiadd's  Quantitative  Chemical  Analysis 12mo,       1  00 

Laudauer's  Spectrum  Au;ily.sis.     (Tingle.) 8vo,       3  00 

Lob's  Electrolysis  and  Electrosyntliesis  of  Organic  Compounds. 

(Lorcuz.) 12mo,       1  00 

Maadel's  Bio-chemical  Laboratory 12mo,       1  50 

Mason's  Water-suppl}' 8vo, 

"       Examination  of  Water 12mo, 

Meyer's  Radicles  in  Carbon  Compounds.  (Tingle. ) 12mo, 

Mixter's  Elementary  Te.\tbook  of  Chemistry 12mo, 

Morgan's  The  Theory  of  Solutions  and  its  Results 12mo, 

' '         Elements  of  Physical  Chemistry 12mo, 

Nichols's  Water-supply  (Chemical  and  Sanitary) Bvo, 

O'Brine's  Laboratory  Guide  to  Chemical  Analysis Bvo, 

Pinner's  Organic  Chemistry.     (Austen.) 12mo, 

Poole's  Calorific  Power  of  Fuels  Bvo, 

Richards's  Cost  of  Living  as  Modified  by  Sanitary  Science..  12mo. 

"         and  Woodman's  Air,  Water,  and  Food Bvo, 

Ricketts   and   Russell's  Notes  on   Inorganic  Chemistry  (Nou- 

melallic) Oblong  Svo,  morocco, 

Rideal's  Sewage  and  the  Bacterial  Purification  of  Sewage..  Bvo, 

Ruddiman's  Incompatibilities  in  Prescriptions Bvo, 

Schimpf's  Volumetric  Analysis 12mo, 

Spencer's  Sugar  Manufacturer's  Handbook 16ino,  morocco, 

"  Handbook    for    Chemists    of   Beet    Sugar    Houses. 

16mo,  morocco, 

Stockbridge's  Rocks  and  Soils  Bvo, 

■*  Tillman's  Descriptive  General  Chemistry Bvo, 

5 


5  00 

1 

25 

1 

00 

1 

50 

1 

00 

2 

00 

2 

50 

2 

00 

1 

50 

3  00 

1 

00 

2  00 

75 

3 

50 

0 

CO 

2 

50 

2 

00 

3 

00 

2  50 

3 

00 

$1 

50 

1 

50 

1 

50 

3 

50 

3 

00 

2 

50 

2 

00 

Van  Devenler's  Pbysicul  Cliemistry  for  Beginners.     (Boltwood.) 

12mo, 

"Wells's  Inorganic  Qualitative  Analysis 12mo, 

"      Laboratory   Guide   in   Qvialitalive   Cheniical   Analysis. 

8vo, 

Whipple's  Microscopy  of  Driuking-waler 8vo, 

Wiecliiuann's  Cliemieal  Lecture  Notes 12nio, 

"  Sugar  Analysis Small  8vo, 

Wulliug's  Inorganic  Phar.  and  Med.  Cliemistry 12mo, 

DRAWING. 

Hill's  Shades  and  Shadows  and  Perspective 8vo, 

MacCord's  Descriptive  Geometry 8vo, 

"  Kinematics 8vo, 

"  Mechanical  Drawing 8vo, 

Mahau's  Industrial  Drawing.    (Thompson.) 2  vo]?.,  8vo, 

lieed's  Topographical  Drawing.     (H.  A.) 4to, 

Reid's  A  Course  in  ]Mechanical  Drawing 8vo. 

"      Mechanical  Dra'wing  and  Elementary  jMachine   Design. 

8vo, 

Smith's  Topographical  Drawing.     (Macmillan.) ;.  .8vo, 

Warren's  Descriptive  Geometry 2  vols.,  8vo, 

"        Drafting  Instruments 12mo, 

"         Free-hand  Drawing 12nio, 

"         Linear  Perspective .  .  12mo, 

"         Machine  Construction 2  vols.,  8vo, 

"         Plane  Problems.  .  . 12nio, 

"         Primary  Geometr}' ICmo, 

"         Problems  and  Theorems 8vo, 

"         Projection  Drawing 12nio, 

"         Shades  and  Shadows 8vo, 

"        Stereotomy — S:one-cutting .  .8vo, 

Whelpley's  Letter  Engraving 12mo, 

Wilson's  Free-hand  Perspective 8vo, 

ELECTRICITY,  MAGNETISM,  AND  PHYSICS. 

Anthony  and  Brackett's  Te.\t-book  of  Physics.     (3lagie.)   Small 

8vo,  8  CO' 

Anthony's  Theory  of  Electrical  Measurements 12mo,  1  00 

Barker's  Deep-sea  Soundings 8vo,  2  00 

15enjamin's  Voltaic  Cell 8vo,  3  00 

History  of  Electricity 8vo,  3  00> 

6 


2 

OO 

i) 

00 

5 

OO 

4 

CO 

3 

50 

5 

00 

2 

00 

8  00 

3 

50 

3 

50 

1 

25 

1 

00 

1 

00 

1 

50 

1 

25 

15 

2 

.:o 

1 

50 

3 

00 

2 

50 

O 

00 

2 

50 

Classen's  Analysis  by  Electrolysis.    (Heriickand  Boltwood,)8vo,     $3  00 
Crehoniiuid  Squier's  Experiments  with  a  New  Polaiiziug  Pbolo- 

Ciirouograph 8vo,       3  00 

Duwsou's  Electric  Railways  and  Tramways.     Small,  4;o,  half 

moroccc,     12  50 

*  "  Engiueeriug  "  and  Electric  Traction  Pocket-hook.      16mo, 

morocco,      5  00 

*  Dredge's  Electric  Illumiuatious. . .  .2  vols.,  4to,  half  morocco,     25  00 

Vol.  II 4to,       7  50 

Gilbert's  De  maguete.     (Mottelay.) 8vo,       2  50 

Holman's  Piecision  of  Measurements 8vo,       2  00- 

"  Telescope-mirror-scale  Method Large  Bvo,  75 

Le  Chatelier's  High  Temperatures.     (Burgess) {In  press.) 

LiJb's  Electrolysis  and  Electrosyn thesis  of  Organic  Compounds. 

(Lorenz.) ....12mo,       1  00 

Lyous's  Electromagnetic  Phenomena  and  the  Deviations  of  the 

Compass 8vo, 

*Michie's  Wave  Motion  Eclating  to  Sound  and  Light 8vo, 

Morgan's  The  Theor^^  of  Solutions  and  its  Results 12mo, 

Niaudet's  Electric  Batteries      (Fishback.) .12mo, 

*Parsha]l  &  Ilobart  Electric  Generators.     Small  4to,  half  mor., 

Pratt  and  Alden's  Street-railway  Road-beds 8vo, 

Reagan's  Steam  and  Electric  Locomotives 12mo, 

Thurston's  Stationary  Steam  Engines  for  Electric  Lighting  Pur- 
poses  8  vo, 

*Tillmau's  Heat ..8vo, 

Tory  &  Pitcher's  Laboratory  Physics Small  8vo, 


ENGINEERING. 

Civil — Mpxhanicai. — Sanitary,  Etc. 

{See  also  Bridges,  p.  4 ;  Hydraulics,  p.  9 ;  Materials  of  En- 
gineering, p.  11 ;  Mechanics  and  Machinery,  p.  12  ;  Steam 
Engines  and  Boilers,  p.  14.) 

Baker's  Masonry  Construction ,...,,,...  .8vo,  5  00 

Surveying  Instruments 12mo,  3  00 

Black's  U.  S.  Public  AVorks Oblong  4to,  5  00 

Brooks's  Street-railway  Location , 16mo,  morocco,  1  50 

Butts's  Civil  Engineers'  Field  Book 16mo,  morocco,  2  50 

Byrne's  Highway  Construction 8vo,  5  00 

"       Inspection  of  Materials  and  Workmanship 16mo,  3  00 

Carpenter's  Experimental  Engineering  8vo,  6  00 

Church's  Mechanics  of  Engineering — Solids  and  Fluids 8vo,  6  00 

7 


6  00 

4  00 

1  00 

2  50 

10  00 

2  00 

2  00 

2  50 

1  50 

2  00 

Church's  Notes  and  Examples  in  Mechanics 8vo,  $2  00 

Crandall's  Earthwork  Tables 8vo,  1  50 

' '          The  Transition  Curve 16mo,  morocco,  1  50 

Davis's  Elevation  and  Stadia  Tables Small  8vo,  1  00 

Dredge's     Penn.    Railroad     Construction,    etc.       Large     4to, 

half  morocco,  f  10;  paper,  5  00 

*  Drinker's  Tunnelling 4to,  half  inorocco,  25  00 

Eissler's  Explosives — Xitroglj'cerine  and  Dynamite 8vo,  4  00 

Frizell's  Water  Power Svo,  5  00 

Eolwell's  Sewerage Svo,  3  00 

"        "Water-supply  Engineering ...Svo,  4  00 

Fowler's  Coffer-dam  Process  for  Piers. Svo.  2  50 

Euertes's  Water  Filtration  Works (Inpress.) 

Gerhard's  Sanitary  House  Inspeciion 12mo,  1  00 

Godwin's  Railroad  Engineer's  Field-book ICmo,  morocco,  2  50 

Goodrich's  Economic  Disposal  of  Towns'  Refuse {In  press.) 

Gore's  Elements  of  Geodesy Svo,  2  50 

Hazlehurst's  Towers  and  Tanks  for  Cities  and  Towns. (/nj^ress.) 

Howard's  Transition  Curve  Field-book 16mo,  morocco,  1  50 

Howe's  Retaining  Walls  (New  Edition.) 12mo,  1  25 

Hudson's  Excavation  Tables.     Vol,  II , Svo,  1  00 

Button's  Mechanical  Engineering  of  Power  Plants Svo,  5  00 

Heat  and  Heat  Engines Svo,  5  00 

Johnson's  Materials  of  Coustruclion   Svo,  6  00 

"         Theory  and  Practice  of  Surveying Small  Svo,  4  00 

Kent's  Mechanical  Engineer's  Pocket-book IGmo,  morocco,  5  00 

Kiensted's  Sewage  Disposal 12mo.  1  25 

jVIahan's  Civil  Engineering.      (Wood.) Svo,  5  00 

Merriman  and  Brook's  Handbook  for  Surveyors. . .  .ICmo,  mor.,  2  00 

Merriman's  Precise  Surveying  and  Geodesy Svo,  2  50 

"          Sanitary  Engineering Svo,  2  00 

Nagle's  ManujJ  for  Railroad  Engineers .  .16mo,  morocco,  3  00 

Ogdeu's  Sewer  Design 12mo,  2  00 

Ration's  Civil  Engineering Svo,  half  morocco,  7  50 

"        Foundations Svo,  5  00 

Philbrick's  Field  Manual  for  Engineers 16mo,  morocco,  3  00 

Pratt  and  Aldeu's  Street-railway  Road-beds Svo,  2  00 

Hockwell's  Roads  and  Pavements  in  France 12mo,  1  25 

Schuyler's  Reservoirs  for  Irrigation Large  Svo,  5  00 

Searles's  Field  Engineering  ....   16mo,  morocco,  3  00 

"       Railroad  Spiral IGmo,  morocco.  1  50 

Siebert  and  Biggin's  Modern  Stone  Cutting  and  Masonry. .  .Svo,  1  50 

Smart's  Engineering  Lal)oratory  Practice 12nio,  2  50 

Smitli's  Wire  Manufacture  and  Uses Small  4to,  3  00 

Spalding's  Roads  and  Pavements 12mo,  2  00 


Spalding's  Hydraulic  Cement 12nio, 

Taylor's  Prismoidal  Formulas  and  Earthwork 8vo, 

Thurston's  Materials  of  Construction  8vo, 

Tillson's  Street  Pavements  and  Paving  Materials 8vo, 

*  Trautwiue's  Civil  Engineer's  Pocket-book 16mo,  morocco, 

*  "  Cross-section Sbtet, 

"*  **  Excavations  and  Embankments Svo, 

*  "  Laying  Out  Curves 13mo,  morocco, 

Turneaure  and  Russell's  Public  Water-supplies Svo, 

Waddell's  De  Poulibus  (A  Puckct-book  for  Bridge  Engineers). 

IGino,  morocco, 

"Wait's  Engineering  and  Architectural  Jurisprudence Svo, 

Sheep, 

"      Law  of  Field  Operation  in  Engineering,  etc Svo, 

Sheep, 

Warren's  Stereotomy — Stone-cutting Svo, 

Webb's  Engineering  Instruments.  New  Edition.  IGnio,  morocco, 

"       Railroad  Construction Svo, 

Wegmann's  Construction  of  Masonry  Dams 4to, 

Wellington's  Location  of  Railwaj's Small  Svo, 

Wheeler's  Civil  Engineering Svo, 

Wilson's  Topographical  Surveying Svo, 

WolflL's  Windmill  as  a  Prime  Mover Svo, 

HYDRAULICS. 

(See  also  Engineeking,  p.  7.) 
Bazin's  Experiments  upon  the  Contraction  of  the  Liquid  Vein. 

(Traulwiue.) Svo, 

Bovey 's  Treatise  on  Hydraulics Svo, 

Church's  Mechanics  of  Engineering,  Solids,  and  Fluids.  .  .  .Svo, 

Coffin's  Graphical  Solution  of  Hydraulic  Problems 12mo, 

Ferrel's  Treatise  on  the  Winds,  Cyclones,  and  Tornadoes.-.  .Svo, 

Folwell's  Water  Supply  Engineering Svo, 

Frizell's  Water-po\\  er Svo, 

Fuertes's  Water  and  Public  Health 12mo, 

"         Water  Filtration  Works {In  press.) 

Oanguillet  &  Kutter's  Flow  of  Water.     (Hering  &  Trautwine.) 

Svo, 

Hazen's  Filtration  of  Public  AValer  Supi>ly Svo, 

Hazlehurst's  Towers  and  Tanks  for  Cities  and  Towns.ijn press.) 

Herschel's  115  E.xperiments. Svo, 

Kiersted's  Sewage  Disposal 12mo, 

Mason's  Water  Supply Svo, 

"    Examination  of  Water 12mo, 

Merrimau's  Treatise  ou  Hydraulics Svo, 


;3  00 

1  50 

5  00 

4  00 

5  00 

25 

3  00 

3  50 

5  00 

3  00 

6  00 

6  50 

5  00 

5  50 

3  50 

1  25 

4  00 

5  00 

5  00 

4  00 

3  50 

3  00 

3  00 

4  00 

6  00 

3  50 

4  00 

4  00 

5  00 

1  50 

4  00 

3  00 

3  00 

1  25 

5  00 

1  25 

4  00 

$2 

50 

5 

00- 

5 

OO 

10 

00 

5  00 

3 

50 

4 

OO 

3 

OO 

3 

OO 

o 

50 

Nichols's  Water  Supply  (Chemical  aud  Sanitary) 8vo, 

Schuyler's  Reservoirs  for  Irrigation Large  8vo, 

Tiirneaure  and  Russell's  Public  Waler-supplies 8vo, 

Wegmaun's  Water  Supply  of  the  City  of  New  York 4to, 

Weisbach's  Hydraulics.     (Du  Bois.) Svo, 

Whipple's  Microscopy  of  Drinking  Water Svo, 

Wilson's  Irrigation  Engineering Svo, 

"        Hydraulic  and  Placer  Mining 12nio, 

Wolff's  Windmill  as  a  Prime  Mover Svo, 

Wood's  Theory  of  Turbines. ...   Svo, 

LAW. 

Davis's  Elements  of  Law Svo,  2  50 

"      Treatise  on  Military  Law Svo,  7  00 

Sheep,  7  50 

Murray's  A  Manual  for  Courts-martial 16mo,  morocco,  1  50 

Wait's  Engineering  and  Architectural  Jurisprudence Svo,  6  00 

Sheep,  6  50 

"      Law  of  Contracts Svo,  3  00 

"      Law  of  Operations  Preliminary  to  Construction  in  En- 
gineering and  Architecture Svo.  5  OO 

Sheep,  5  50 

Winthrop's  Abridgment  of  Military  Law 12mo,  2  50/ 

MANUFACTURES. 

Allen's  Tables  for  Iron  Analysis Svo, 

Beaumont's  Woollen  and  Worsted  Manufacture 12mo, 

Bolland's  Encyclopaedia  of  Founding  Terms 12mo, 

"         The  Iron  Founder 12mo, 

"  "       "  "        Supplement 12mo, 

Eissler's  Explosives,  Nitroglycerine  and  Dynamite Svo, 

Ford's  Boiler  Making  for  Boiler  Makers ISmo, 

Metcalfe's  Cost  of  Manufactures Svo, 

Metcalf 's  Steel— A  Manual  for  Steel  Users 12mo, 

*  Reisig's  Guide  to  Piece  Dyeing Svo, 

Spencer's  Sugar  Manufacturer's  Handbook  . . .  .16mo,  morocco, 
"        Handbook    for    Chemists    of    Beet    Sugar    Houses. 

16mo,  morocco, 

Thurston's  Manual  of  Steam  Boilers Svo, 

Walke's  Lectures  on  Explosives Svo, 

West's  American  Foundry  Practice 12mo, 

"      Moulder's  Text-book  12mo, 

Wiechmann's  Sugar  Analysis Small  Svo, 

Woodbury's  Fire  Protection  of  Mills Svo, 

10 


3  OO 

1 

50 

3  00 

o 

50 

2 

50 

4  OO 

1 

00 

5 

OO 

2 

00 

25 

00 

2 

00 

3  00 

5 

00 

4 

00 

2 

50 

2 

50 

2 

50 

2  SO 

MATERIALS  OF  ENGINEERING. 

{See  also  Engineeuing,  p.  7.) 

Baker's  Masonry  Construction 8vo, 

Beardslee  and  Kent's  Strength  of  Wrought  Iron  8vo, 

Bovey's  Strength  of  Materials 8vo, 

Burr's  Elasticity  and  Resistance  of  Materials Svo, 

Byrne's  Highway  Construction 8 vo. 

Church's  Mechanics  of  Engineering — Solids  and  Fluids Svo, 

Du  Bois's  Stresses  in  Framed  Structures Small  4lo, 

Johnson's  3Iaterials  of  Construction Svo, 

Lanza's  Applied  ^Mechanics. Svo, 

Marlens's  Testing  Materials.     (Hcnning. ) 2  vols.,  Svo, 

Merrill's  Stones  for  Building  and  Decoration Svo, 

Merriman's  Mechanics  of  Materials Svo, 

"  Strength  of  jNIaleiials 12mo, 

Patton's  Treatise  on  Foundations Svo, 

Rockwell's  Roads  and  Pavements  in  France 12mo, 

Spalding's  Roads  and  Pavements 12mo, 

Thurston's  Materials  of  Construction   .  . . .  , Svo, 

"  Materials  of  Engineering 3  vols.,  Svo, 

Vol.  I,  Non-metallic Svo, 

Vol.  II. ,  Iron  and  Steel Svo, 

Vol.  III.,  Alloys,  Brasses,  and  Bronzes Svo, 

Wood's  Resistance  of  Materials Svo, 

MATHEMATICS. 

Baker's  Elliptic  Functions Svo, 

*Bass's  Differential  Calculus 12mo, 

Briggs's  Plane  Analytical  Geometr}- 12mo, 

Chapman's  Theory  of  Equations 12mo, 

Compton's  Logarithmic  Computations 12mo, 

Davis's  Introduction  to  the  Logic  of  Algebra Svo, 

Halsted's  Elements  of  Geometry Svo, 

"        Synthetic  Geometry 8vo, 

Johnson's  Curve  Tracing 12mo, 

"         Differential  Equations — Ordinarj'  and  Partial. 

Small  Svo, 

"        Integral  Calculus 12mo, 

"  "  "         Unabridged.     Small  Svo.    {In  press.) 

"        Least  Squares , 12mo, 

*Ludlow's  Logarithmic  and  Other  Tables.     (Bass.) Svo, 

*      "        Trigonometiy  with  Tables.     (Bass.) Svo, 

*Malian's  Descriptive  Geometry  (Stone  Cutting)  Svo, 

Merriman  and  Woodward's  Higher  Mathematics Svo, 

11 


$5  00' 

1  ott 

7  50 

5  00- 

5  OO. 

6  00 

10  OO 

G  00 

7  50 

7  50 

5  OO 

4  OO 

1  OO- 

5  OO 

1  25. 

2  OO 

5  OO 

S  OO 

2  OO 

3  50 

2  50 

2  00 

1  50- 

4  OO- 

1  OO. 

1  50 

1  50. 

1  50. 

1  7* 

1  50r 

1  OO 

3  50- 

1  50 

1  50 

2  00 

3  OO 

1  50- 

5  00 

2 

50 

3 

00 

1 

50 

2 

50 

3 

50 

1 

25 

1 

00 

1 

00 

75 

1 

25 

2 

50 

1 

50 

2 

00 

1 

00 

3  00 

Merrimau's  Method  of  Least  Squares 8vo,     |2  00 

Rice  and  Johnson's  Differential  and  Integral  Calculus, 

2  vols,  ill  1,  small  6vo, 

"  Differential  Calculus Small  8vo, 

«•  Abridgment  of  Differential  Calculus. 

Small  8vo, 

Totteu's  Metrology 8vo, 

"Warren's  Descriptive  Geometry 2  vols.,  8vo, 

"        Drafting  lustrumcnts 12mo, 

"        Free-hand  Drawing 12mo, 

"        Linear  Perspective 12mo, 

"         Primary  Geometry 12mo, 

"        Plane  Problems. .12mo, 

"        Problems  and  Theorems 8vo, 

"        Projection  Drawing 12mo, 

"Wood's  Co-ordinate  Geometry 8vo, 

Trigonometry 12mo, 

"W coif's  Descriptive  Geometry Large  8vo, 

MECHANICS-MACHINERY. 

{See  also  Engineering,  p.  7.) 

Baldwin's  Steam  Heating  for  Buildings ]2mo,  3  50 

Barr's  Kinematics  of  Machinery 8vo,  2  50 

Benjamin's  Wrinkles  and  Recipes 12mo,  2  00 

Chordal's  Letters  to  Mechanics 12mo,  2  00 

Church's  Mechanics  of  Engineering 8vo,  6  00 

"        Notes  and  Examples  in  Mechanics 8vo,  2  00 

Crehore's  Mechanics  of  the  Girder 8vo,  5  00 

Cromwell's  Belts  and  Pulleys 12mo,  1  50 

Toothed  Gearing 12mo,  150 

Compton's  First  Lessons  in  Metal  Working 12mo,  1  50 

Corapton  and  De  Groodt's  Speed  Lathe 12mo,  1  50 

Dana's  Elementary  Mechanics 12mo,  1  50 

Dingey's  Machinery  Pattern  Making 12mo,  2  00 

*  Dredge's    Trans.     Exhibits    Building,     World     Exposition. 

Large  4to,  half  morocco,  5  00 

Du  Bois's  Mechanics.     "Vol.  I.,  Kinematics 8vo,  3  50 

Vol.  IL.  Statics 8vo,  4  00 

«'                "               Vol.  III.,  Kinetics 8vo,  3  50 

Fitzgerald's  Boston  Machinist 18mo,  1  00 

Flather's  Dynamometers 12mo,  2  00 

Rope  Driving 12mo,  2  00 

Hall's  Car  Lubrication 12mo,  1  00 

Holly's  Saw  Filing 18mo,  75 

12 


Johnson's  Theoretical  Mechanics.      An  Elementary  Treatise. 
{In  the  press.) 

Jones's  Machine  Design.     Part  I.,  Kinematics 8vo,     $1  50 

"  "  "  Part  II.,  Strength  and  Proportion  of 

Machine  Parts 8vo,       3  00 

Lanza's  Applied  Mechanics 8vo,       7  50 

MacCord's  Kinematics Svo,       5  00 

Merriman's  Mechanics  of  Materials Svo,      4  00 

Metcalfe's  Cost  of  Manufactures Svo,       5  CO 

*Michie's  Analytical  Mechanics Svo,      4  00 

Richards's  Compressed  Air 13mo,       1  50 

Robinson's  Principles  of  Mechanism Svo,       3  00 

Smith's  Press-working  of  Metals Svo,       ?>  00 

Thurston's  Friction  and  Lost  Work Svo,       3  00 

"         The  Animal  as  a  Machine ,  12mo,       1  00 

Warren's  Machine  Construction 2  vols.,  Svo,       7  50 

Weisbach's  Hydraulics  and  Hydraulic  Motors.    (Du  Bois.)..Svo,       5  00 
"  Mechanics    of   Engineering.      Vol.    III.,    Part   I., 

Sec.  I.     (Klein.) '. Svo,       5  00 

Weisbach's   Mechanics    of  Engineering.     Vol.    III.,    Part   1., 

Sec.  IL     (Klein.) Svo, 

Weisbach's  Steam  Engines.     (Du  Bois.) Svo, 

Wood's  Analytical  Mechanics Svo, 

"      Elementary  Mechanics 12nio, 

••  "  "  Supplement  and  Key 12mo, 

METALLURGY. 

Allen's  Tables  for  Iron  Analysis Svo, 

Egleston's  Gold  and  Mercury Large  Svo, 

"         Metallurgy  of  Silver Large  Svo, 

*  Kerl's  Metallurgy— Steel,  Fuel,  etc Svo, 

Kunhardl's  Ore  Dressing  in  Europe Svo, 

Metcalf's  Steel— A  Manual  for  Steel  Users 12mo, 

O'Driscoll's  Treatment  of  Gold  Ores Svo, 

Thurston's  Iron  and  Steel Svo, 

"  Alloys Svo, 

Wilson's  Cyanide  Processes , 12mo, 

MINERALOGY  AND  MINING. 

Barringer's  Minerals  of  Commercial  Value Oblong  morocco,  2  50 

Beard's  Ventilation  of  Mines 12mo,  2  50 

Boyd's  Resources  of  South  Western  Virginia Svo,  3  00 

"      Map  of  South  Western  Virginia Pocket-book  form,  2  00 

Brush  and  Penfield's  Determinative  Mineralogy.   New  Ed.  Svo,  4  00 

13 


5  00 

5  00 

3  00 

1  25 

1  25 

3  00 

7  50 

7  50 

15  00 

1  50 

2  00 

2  00 

3  50 

2  50 

1  50 

'Chester's  Catalogue  of  Minerals .8vo, 

"  "  "        ■'         Paper, 

"       Dictionary  of  the  Names  of  Minerals.. , 8vo, 

Dana's  American  Localities  of  Minerals Large  8vo, 

"      Descriptive  Mineralogy.  (E.S.)  Large  8vo.  half  morocco, 
"      First  Appendix  to  System  of  Mineralogy.   . .  Lai  ge  Bvo, 

"      Mineralogy  and  Petrography.     (J.  D.) 12mo, 

"      Minerals  and  How  to  Study  Them.     (E.  S.) 13mo, 

"      Text- book  of  Mineralogy.     (E.  S.)..  .New  Edition.     Bvo, 

*  Drinker's  Tunuelliug,  Explosives,  Compounds,  and  Rode  Drills. 

4to,  half  morocco, 

Egleston's  Catalogue  of  Minerals  and  Synonyms 8vo, 

Eissler's  Explosives — Nitroglycerine  and  Dynamite 8vo, 

Hussak's  Rock  forming  Minerals.     (Smith.) Small  8vo, 

Ihlseng's  Manual  of  Mining 8vo, 

Kuuhardl's  Ore  Dressing  in  Europe , 8vo, 

O'Diiscoll's  Treatment  of  Gold  Ores Svo, 

*  Penlleld's  Record  of  Mineral  Tests Paper,  8vo, 

Eosenbusch's    Microscopical    Physiography   of    Minerals    and 

Rocks.     (Iddings.) ,. .    8vo, 

Sawyer's  Accidents  in  Mines Large  Svo, 

Stockbridge's  Rocks  and  Soils Svo, 

*Tillmau's  Important  Minerals  and  Rocks 8vo, 

Walke's  Lectures  on  Explosives Svo, 

"Williams's  Lithology _ Svo, 

"Wilson's  Mine  Ventilation 12mo, 

.  "        Hydraulic  and  Placer  Mining 12mo, 

STEAM  AND  ELECTRICAL  ENGINES,  BOILERS,  Etc. 

{See  also  Engineering,  p.  7.) 

Baldwin's  Steam  Heating  for  Buildings 12mo,  2  50 

Clerk's  Gas  Engine Small  Svo,  4  00 

Ford's  Boiler  Making  for  Boiler  Makers 18mo,  1  00 

Hemenway's  Indicator  Practice 12mo,  2  00 

Kent's  Steam-boiler  Economy Svo,  4  CO 

Knenss's  Practice  and  Theory  of  the  Injector Svo,  1  50 

MacCord's  Slide  Valve Svo,  2  00 

Meyer'.><  Modern  Locomotive  Construction 4to,  10  00 

Pcabody  and  Miller's  Steam-boilers Svo,  4  00 

Pealjody's  Tables  of  Saturated  Steam Svo,  1  00 

"          Thermodynamics  of  the  Steam  Engine Svo,  5  00 

"          Valve  Gears  for  the  Steam  Engine Svo,  2  50 

"           Manual  of  the  Steam-engine  Indicator 12m<),  1  50 

.Pray's  Twenty  Years  with  the  Indicator Large  Svo,  2  50 

14 


$1  25 

50 

3  00 

1  00 

12  50 

1  00 

2  00 

1  50 

4  UO 

25  00 

2  50 

4  00 

2  00 

4  00 

1  50 

2  00 

50 

5  00 

7  00 

2  50 

2  00 

4  00 

3  00 

1  25 

2  50 

Pupil)  and  Ostciberg's  Tliermodynainics 12mo,  $1  25 

Reagan's  Sleam  and  Electric  Locomotives 12mo,  2  00 

TJonlgen's  Tiieiniodyuamics.     (Du  Bois.) 8vo,  5  00 

Sinclair's  Locomotive  Running 12mo,  2  00 

Snow's  Steam-boiler  Practice 8vo.  3  GO 

Thurston's  Boiler  Explosions 12mo,  1  50 

"           Engine  and  Boiler  Tiials .- 8vo,  5  00 

"  Manual  of  the  Steam  Engine.      Part  I.,   Structure 

and  Theory  .  . Svo,  6  00 

"  Manual  of   the   Steam  Engine.      Part  IL,  Design, 

Construction,  and  Operation Svo,  6  00 

2  parts,  10  00 

"           Philosophy  of  the  Steam  Engine 12mo,  75 

*'  Retiection  on  the  Motive  Power  of  Heat.    (Caruot.) 

12nio.  1  50 

"           Stationaiy  Steam  Engines. Svo,  2  50 

"           Steam-boiler  Construction  and  Operation Svo,  5  CO 

Spangler's  Valve  Gears Svo,  2  50 

Weisbach's  Steam  Engine.     (Du  Bois.) Svo,  5  00 

Whitliam's  Steam-engine  Design   Svo,  5  00 

Wilson's  Steam  Boilers.     (Flather.) 12mo,  2  50 

Wood's  Thermodynamics,  Heat  jMotors,  etc. Svo,  4  00 

TABLES,  WEIGHTS,  AND  MEASURES. 

Adriance's  Laboratory  Calculations 12mo,  1  25 

Allen's  Tables  for  Iron  Analysis Svo,  3  00 

Bixby's  Grapliical  Computing  Tables Sheet,  25 

'Compton's  Logarithms 12mo,  1  50 

Crandall's  Railway  and  Earthwork  Tables Svo,  1  50 

Davis's  Elevation  sind  Stadia  Tables Small  Svo,  1  00 

Fisher's  Table  of  Cubic  Yards Cardboard,  25 

Hudson's  Excavation  Tables.     Vol.  II Svo,  100 

Johnson's  Stadia  and  Earthwork  Tables Svo,  1  25 

Ludlow's  Logarithmic  and  Other  Tables.     (Bass.) 12mo,  2  00 

Totten's  Metrology Svo,  S  50 

VENTILATION. 

Baldwin's  Steam  Heating 12mo,  2  50 

Beard's  Ventilation  of  Mines 12mo,  2  50 

Carpenter's  Heating  and  Ventilating  of  Buildings Svo,  3  00 

Gerhard's  Sanitary  House  Inspection 12mo,  1  00 

Wilson's  Mine  Ventilation 12ino,  1  25 

15 


55 

00 

1 

50 

4  oa 

2 

50 

1 

00 

1 

00 

3  oa 

MISCELLANEOUS  PUBLICATIONS. 

Alcott's  Gems,  Sentimeut,  Language Gilt  edges, 

Emmoii's  Geological  Guide-book  of  the  Rocky  Mouu tains.  .8vo, 

Fenel's  Treatise  ou  the  Winds 8vo, 

Haines's  Addresses  Delivered  before  tbe  Am.  Ry.  Assn.  ..12mo, 
Mott's  Tbe  Fallacy  of  tbe  Present  Tbeory  of  Sound.  .Sq.  16mo, 

Ricbards's  Cost  of  Living 12mo, 

Ricketts's  History  of  liensselaer  Polytecbnic  Institute 8vo, 

Rotberbam's    The    New    Testament     Critically    Emphasized. 

12mo,       1  Sa 
"  Tbe  Emphasized  New  Test.     A  new  translation. 

Large  8vo,       2  00 
Totten's  An  Important  Question  in  Metrology 8vo,       2  50 

HEBREW  AND  CHALDEE  TEXT=BOOKS. 

Fou  Schools  and  Theological  Seminakies. 

Gesenius's  Hebrew  and   Cbaldee  Lexicon  to  Old   Testament. 

(Tregelles. ) Small  4lo,  half  morocco,  5  00 

Green's  Elementary  Hebrew  Grammar 12mo,  1  25 

"       Grammar  of  tbe  Hebrew  Language  (New  Edition ).8vo,  3  00 

"       Hebrew  Chrestomatby 8vo,  2  00 

Letteris's   Hebrew  Bible  (Massoretic  Notes  in   English). 

8vo,  arabesque,  2  25 

MEDICAL. 

Hammarsten's  Pliysiological  Chemistry.    (Maudcl.) 8vo,       4  00 

Mott's  Composition,  Digestibility,  and  Nutritive  Value  of  Food. 

Large  mounted  chart,       1  25 

Ruddiman's  Incompatibilities  in  Prescriptions 8vo,       2  00 

Steel's  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  the  Dog 8vo,       3  50 

WoodhuU's  Mililarj^  Hygiene 16mo,       1  50 

Worcester's  Small  Hospitals — Establishment  and  Maintenance, 
including  Atkinson's  Suggestions  for  Hospital  Archi- 
tecture  12mo,       1  25 

16 


V 


■  :'i  i'-^'   ''  '•*>'' 


